Rumah and Nairiyah tariffs set precedent
19 November 2024
Commentary
Jennifer Aguinaldo
Energy & technology editor
The levelised costs of electricity (LCOEs) for the four combined-cycle gas turbine independent power projects (IPPs) recently awarded in Saudi Arabia are expected to set a precedent for tariffs in upcoming thermal IPPs procured in the GCC region.
Two separate developer consortiums bid for and won the contracts to develop the Rumah 1 and 2 and Nairiyah 1 and 2 IPPs, which are located in Riyadh and the Eastern Province, respectively.
A consortium comprising Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), Riyadh-based utility developer Acwa Power and South Korea’s Korea Electric Power Corporation (Kepco) won the contract to develop the Rumah 1 and Nairiyah 1 IPPs, each with a capacity of 1,800MW.
The team offered an LCOE of $cents 4.5859 a kilowatt-hour ($c/kWh) for Rumah 1, and $c4.6114/kWh for Nairiyah 1.
A consortium comprising the UAE-based Abu Dhabi National Energy Company (Taqa), Japan’s Jera Company and the local Albawani Company won the contract to develop and operate the Rumah 2 and Nairyiah 2 IPPs.
The Taqa-Jera-Albawani consortium offered an LCOE of $c4.5613/kWh for Rumah 2, and $c4.4960/kWh for Nairiyah 2.
LCOEs represent an all-in tariff including capital and operating expenditures during the power-purchase agreement (PPA) period. In this case, the principal buyer, Saudi Power Procurement Company, agreed to buy the electricity from the project companies for 25 years.
The last comparable IPP procured by SEC in Saudi Arabia was Rabigh 2, for which Acwa Power proposed a tariff of $c1.9/kWh in 2012-13. Rabigh 2 is older than the Fadhili IPP, which was awarded in 2016, but the latter is a cogeneration plant, which was won by France's Engie.
Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractors and original equipment manufacturers say that capital expenditure (capex) for building thermal plants has significantly increased compared to before the Covid-19 pandemic.
Estimates indicate that EPC costs have increased from about $500/kWh to $700-$800/kWh since around 2020.
Despite this, the latest thermal IPP tariffs in Saudi Arabia do not appear significantly higher compared to the tariff for the Fujairah F3 IPP in the UAE, which was procured in 2020.
Several factors underpin tariff trends, according to experts. LCOEs cover fuel capex recovery and operating expenses, where fuel can represent 70%-80%, depending on the prevailing fuel price during the proposals stage.
It should also be noted that the fuel prices and project ownership structures vary depending on jurisdiction, which directly affects the LCOE.
Scale, with the four Saudi plants being awarded together, is also an important factor, as is the technology, because more energy-efficient gas turbines could have contributed to keeping the Saudi tariffs lower than initially expected.
A transaction adviser also notes that the 2024 cost of debt outlook is lower, so swap rates are lower.
Crucially, MEED understands that the tariffs submitted for Rumah and Nairiyah do not yet include potential exit costs, assuming a carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) solution is not reached while the PPAs are in force.
According to an industry source, CCUS discussions for the Rumah and Nairyah IPPs are set to begin in the 2030s, and the tariffs agreed today will be adjusted based on the outcome of those discussions.
All this suggests that interesting comparisons will be soon drawn between the Rumah and Nairiyah tariffs in Saudi Arabia and the tariffs that bidders plan to propose for the Taweelah C and Madinat Zayed schemes in Abu Dhabi.

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According to a source, bids were submitted on 26 July. The bidding consortiums are:
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The Al-Dibdibah power and Al-Shagaya renewable energy phase three zone two project is located within the administrative boundaries of Kuwait’s Jahra governorate, west of Kuwait City.
The winning bidder will design, finance, construct and maintain the project.
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Zone one
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GCC banks prove resilient amid turmoil27 July 2026

Gulf banks are proving adept at navigating the economic and geopolitical turbulence that comes with operating in the region. These skills have come to the fore this year, as regional lenders draw on stable funding profiles and ample capital and liquidity buffers that protect them from near-term credit risks.
GCC banks’ fundamentals have proved remarkably resilient to the Iran-related turmoil, assuming the intensity of the February-April stage of the military conflict does not resume.
There have not been any significant outflows of external funding. While anecdotal evidence suggests some depositors briefly moved funds out of the region at the start of the war, ratings agency S&P Global notes that their return reflects confidence that the war will prove short-lived.
Funding strength
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State-linked deposits grew at a particularly rapid pace, led by the UAE and Kuwait, which offset decelerating private-sector deposit growth in those countries.
Domestic deposits accelerated in April, a pointer to GCC governments’ proactive stances in shielding their banking systems from undue stress. The inflow of public deposits accelerated quite significantly in this period, although that pace will likely subside as conditions gradually normalise.
Such deposits continue to underpin GCC banks’ wider performances. “Funding and liquidity is generally a strength for the region. Government deposits typically make up 20%-30% of the banking sector deposits. That is really important as these are sticky deposits,” says Redmond Ramsdale, head of Middle East ratings at Fitch Ratings.
Funding and liquidity is generally a strength for the region
Gulf states’ heavy reliance on public sector and government-related deposits has proved valuable in the current environment, anchoring banks’ funding profiles and helping reduce potential risks.
Fund outflows have not materialised to any significant degree. “We had some anecdotal evidence of funds being withdrawn, but they returned in the following weeks,” says Ramsdale.
Solid fundamentals
GCC banks entered the conflict period in strong shape. According to S&P, domestic private sector credit growth in the region remained robust in the first quarter – the annualised growth rate was 8% at the end of March.
Core capital buffers are about 15%-16% – higher still for the top lenders – ensuring total loss-absorbing capacity stays below 9% of equity. Regulatory ratios exceed relevant thresholds, providing a significant buffer, according to ratings agency Moody’s.
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“Against this solid level of asset quality, you have a cushion of provisions for expected losses that more than covers the existing stock of problem loans, which provides a strong first line of defence.”
Then, as a second line of defence, are core capital buffers that remain high by global standards, with levels around 15%-16%. Put together, this explains why the banks are sitting on comfortable positions in terms of loss-absorption capacity.
At the end of Q1 2025, the top 45 GCC banks reported an average Tier 1 capital ratio of 17%, with coverage ratios of 155.8%, according to S&P.
“Credit losses are at historical lows of 50 basis points (bps) for the region, and there are very good provisioning buffers – all of which helps to mitigate the negative consequences of the expected asset quality deterioration,” says Tatjana Lescova, director and lead analyst at S&P.
According to Shubailat, the fact that the conflict impact on GCC banks has not been as pronounced as on other sectors reflects that over the past three years – and until right before the conflict started – the region as a whole, and its banking systems, had demonstrated remarkable resilience. In contrast, major advanced economies were struggling with inflationary pressures and subdued economic growth.
“This was visible in Saudi Arabia and the UAE, the two largest economic diversification engines in the region, which happen to also represent more than two-thirds of total banking system assets,” says Shubailat.
Limited exposure
Gulf banks have also been helped by the fact that those economic sectors most impacted by conflict – tourism, hospitality, energy – do not generally form a large part of their collective loans books.
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Policy support
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Forbearance measures from the UAE, Kuwait and Qatar central banks have allowed additional headroom
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“They were designed to boost confidence and limit that pass through from temporary deposit volatility. It was not to do with acute banking stress.”
Market confidence
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“The first ceasefire saw things like private placements start happening again, and that slowly translated into the opening up of public markets.
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Growth prospects
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“Certainly the big banks will remain opportunistic over M&A – where the value comes at the right price, then they are interested. And if the big international banks are going to pull out, they tend to have some of the best-quality assets, so you can understand why regional players might be interested in them,” says Ramsdale.
Such moves should provide reassurance that, despite recent challenges, GCC banks are well placed to ride out the remainder of 2026 and resume the positive trajectory that was evident before the Iran war shook the region.
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Saudi Arabia issues RFQ for third round of gas-fired IPPs27 July 2026

Saudi Power Procurement Company (SPPC) has issued the request for qualifications (RFQ) for the third round of its combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) independent power producer (IPP) programme.
According to the documents, the deadline for developers to submit statements of qualification is 16 August.
SPPC expects to issue notices of prequalification on 11 September, after which request for proposals documents will be issued to qualified applicants.
The latest date for the submission of clarification questions is 9 August.
The RFQ covers future CCGT IPPs, although the document does not specify the number, locations or capacities of the projects.
Earlier in July, MEED reported that Saudi Arabia had begun qualification for CCGT plants to be built with provision for future carbon capture units.
The projects will comprise new CCGT plants developed on a build-own-operate basis. Each project will be implemented through a special-purpose project company wholly owned by the successful bidder.
The project companies will sell the entire capacity and output of the plants to SPPC under 25-year power-purchase agreements starting from the respective commercial operation dates. SPPC will be responsible for dispatching electricity from the plants.
The plants will use advanced H-class or J-class gas turbine technology. Each IPP is expected to comprise two or three gas turbine generators, corresponding heat recovery steam generators with duct firing, and one or two steam turbine generators.
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CCGT IPP programme
SPPC said the procurement marks the next stage of its CCGT IPP programme.
The first four projects comprise Taiba 1, Taiba 2, Qassim 1 and Qassim 2, with a combined capacity of 7,200MW.
The second group comprises Rumah 1, Rumah 2, Nairyah 1 and Nairyah 2, also with a combined capacity of 7,200MW.
All eight plants are under construction, with Qassim 1 and Taiba 1 expected to reach commissioning in 2028.
Developers that were prequalified as financial or technical members for the Rumah and Nairyah projects can request to maintain the same qualification for the upcoming CCGT projects. They must submit the request and updated financial information by the 16 August deadline.
For new applicants, financial members must have reached financial close on at least two non-recourse IPP, IWPP, IWP or ISTP projects since January 2010. At least one must have involved senior debt of $500m or more. Applicants must also have a minimum net worth of $350m.
Technical members must demonstrate development experience on at least two conventional energy IPPs with a combined capacity of 2,000MW since January 2016. They must also have ownership experience on at least two such projects totalling 3,000MW and relevant operations and maintenance experience.
US/India-based Synergy Consulting is the financial adviser for the procurement, Germany’s Fichtner is the technical adviser and UK-headquartered Eversheds Sutherland is the legal adviser.
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Local architectural firms Bruno Guelaff and BG Group are the project designers.
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Saudi Arabia issues RFP for Group 2 bess projects27 July 2026

Saudi Arabia’s principal buyer, Saudi Power Procurement Company (SPPC), has issued the request for proposals (RFP) for the second phase of its independent battery energy storage system (bess) projects in Saudi Arabia.
The Group 2 programme comprises six independent storage provider (ISP) projects with a total capacity of 3GW, equivalent to 12,000 megawatt-hours based on a four-hour storage duration.
According to a source, the RFP was issued earlier in July and developers have since submitted a first round of clarification requests to SPPC as they prepare their bids.
Developers have until October to submit proposals, the source said.
The six bess projects include:
- Samha bess ISP: 500MW (Qassim)
- Al-Leeth bess ISP: 500MW (Mecca)
- Al-Henakiyah bess ISP: 500MW (Medina)
- Khulis bess ISP: 500MW (Mecca)
- Sadawi bess ISP: 500MW (Eastern Province)
- Ashyrah bess ISP: 500MW (Mecca)
On 1 July, MEED reported that up to 27 firms had prequalified to participate in the second phase. SPPC previously received statements of qualification on 13 May.
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Winning bidders will hold 100% equity in a special purpose vehicle (SPV), with each SPV entering into a storage services agreement with SPPC as part of the independent storage provider structure.
The programme forms part of Saudi Arabia’s National Renewable Energy Programme (NREP) and supports the kingdom’s target of generating about 50% of its electricity from renewable energy by 2030. The projects will be developed under a build-own-operate model.
US/India-based Synergy Consulting is advising SPPC on the energy storage Group 1 and Group 2 programme.
Contracts are expected to be awarded for Group 1 Bess projects in the coming months, with both Acwa and Engie understood to be frontrunners for these contracts.
Separately, SPPC has extended the deadline for developers bidding for four solar projects under round seven of the NREP, led and supervised by the Ministry of Energy.
The deadline for the four solar photovoltaic independent power producer (IPP) projects with a combined capacity of 3,100MW has been extended to 30 August.
The deadline for the two wind IPPs with a combined capacity of 2,200MW has been extended to 14 September.
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