meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Region plays high-stakes AI game

11 June 2024

This package also includes: Data centres meet upbeat growth

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a potential enabler for the economic diversification programmes of the GCC’s hydrocarbons-exporting states. 

The UAE launched an open-source large-language model (LLM) last year. Falcon 40B, shortly followed by Falcon 180B, cemented the reputation of the Abu Dhabi government-funded Technology Innovation Institute as a major player in generative AI.

With 180 billion parameters and trained on 3.5 trillion tokens, Falcon 180B soared to the top of the Hugging Face Leaderboard, a benchmark for pre-trained LLMs. Falcon 180B outperformed competitors such as Meta’s Llama 2 in areas including reasoning, coding, proficiency and knowledge tests.

The launch of Falcon followed cumulative investments in research, talent acquisition and digital infrastructure. In recent years, Abu Dhabi has formed government-attached agencies and commercial entities backed by its sovereign wealth funds to focus on AI.

One such company is G42, which has partnered with the US’ OpenAI to develop sector-focused generative AI models, and with Microsoft to run applications on Azure and undertake AI skilling initiatives in the UAE and beyond.

Global AI hubs

The UAE aims to become a world-leading AI hub alongside the US and China, but the country will have to tread carefully when choosing partners to avoid geopolitical complications involving its most important security ally and its largest energy client.

Riyadh seems determined to give Abu Dhabi a run for its AI money. The GCC region’s two largest states have placed
separate multimillion-dollar orders for graphics processing units – powerful chips designed for training AI – from top US supplier Nvidia.

They have also formed AI-focused investment vehicles with a view to maximising investments and returns from AI ventures at home and abroad. Abu Dhabi formed MGX, which aims to build $100bn in assets under management within a few years, while Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund formed a $100bn platform to transform the kingdom into a semiconductor and electronics hub, with AI playing a central role in the plan.

In May this year, the Saudi Data & Artificial Intelligence Authority and New York-based technology company IBM launched an open-source Arabic LLM called Allam on IBM’s Watsonx AI and data platform.

With AI promising to be a $1tn market by 2030, it offers attractive opportunities

Computer power

A potential issue facing the determined push for AI leadership is that AI requires enormous computational power and energy, in addition to vast capital and talent.

A recent article published by the World Economic Forum (WEF) suggests that the computational power required to sustain the rise of AI doubles approximately every 100 days.

Related read: Global AI market to top $1tn in 2030

“The energy required to run AI tasks is already accelerating with an annual growth rate between 26% and 36%. This means by 2028, AI could be using more power than the entire country of Iceland used in 2021,” the WEF article says.

The AI lifecycle impacts the environment in two stages. First is the training phase, when the models learn and develop by digesting vast amounts of data; and second is the inference phase, when they solve real-world problems.

At present, the environmental footprint is split, with training responsible for about 20% and inference taking up 80%.

“As AI models gain traction across diverse sectors, the need for inference and its environmental footprint will escalate,” the WEF warns.

A peer-reviewed analysis in the science journal Joule says that a continuation of the current trends in AI capacity and adoption will likely result in Nvidia shipping 1.5 million AI server units a year by 2027.

When running at full capacity, these servers are expected to consume at least 85.4 terawatt-hours of electricity annually, which is equivalent to 100GW of installed capacity in the next three years.

Data centres, which make up the main AI digital infrastructure, already account for about 1%-1.5% of global electricity use.

In a hypothetical scenario in which everyone shifts to AI for mundane tasks such as performing searches on Google, every data centre would effectively experience a 10-fold increase in energy consumption, according to Alex De Vries, a data scientist at the Central Bank of the Netherlands, which conducted the analysis published by Joule.

As a result, the hydrocarbons-exporting and energy-transitioning GCC states – particularly the UAE and Saudi Arabia – appear to be a natural fit for AI, due to the presence of abundant and cheap fossil-fuel or renewable-energy resources, and the need to diversify their revenue sources away from oil. With AI promising to be a $1tn market by 2030, it offers attractive opportunities.

According to a Dubai-based senior executive with a global infrastructure investor, each country and company will eventually need to consider what part they can play in the AI value chain. 

Since Nvidia seems to have captured the microprocessor space, the other areas of opportunity are in developing computing power, algorithms and implementation. “Both Saudi Arabia and the UAE have the theoretical capability to grow into the computing power and implementation spaces, which require computing capacity through data centres and medium-skilled manpower to deploy, migrate, train and maintain [AI],” the executive says.

Greening AI

Policy adjustments could be needed to support such advances, especially when it comes to minimising AI’s carbon footprint, even as it enables the curbing of those in other sectors – including the power sector.

In addition to the vast computing and wattage requirements of AI, the region’s arid weather and very hot summer temperatures mean that regional data centres have greater cooling requirements.

To address this, the Dubai state utility has started to build a solar-powered data centre, which is understood to be the first of its kind in the world.

Saudi Arabia, which aims to have 58.7GW of renewable energy installed capacity by 2030 – accounting for about 50% of its electricity production mix – could follow a similar model. 

Abu Dhabi’s quantum computer project, in partnership with researchers at Spain’s Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, is under way.

Unlike a classic supercomputer that operates on binary states, a quantum computer uses quantum mechanics phenomena including superposition and entanglement to generate and manipulate subatomic particles such as electrons or photons, or qubits. 

This allows greater processing powers that can enable the performance of complex calculations that would take much longer to be solved, consuming less power than a supercomputer.

The growing electricity surplus in Abu Dhabi, as all four reactors at the Barakah nuclear power plant come onstream this year, could also be allocated to data centres and AI applications.

In addition, Abu Dhabi’s plan to start procuring phase two of its Barakah nuclear energy plant may not only boost energy exports, but could also create sufficient margins to accommodate future AI computing demand.

Related read: Nuclear power will help region achieve AI ambitions

“I don’t know if that means only nuclear power can solve the demand, but it certainly is a good option and carries some strategic advantage as well,” says Karen Young, senior research scholar at Columbia University’s Centre on Global Energy Policy.

While AI needs a significant amount of electricity for computations, there should be savings through productivity increases 

Efficiency gains

While it is difficult to accurately quantify and forecast AI’s overall carbon emissions, a holistic view of its overall environmental impact is required.

In theory, while AI itself needs a significant amount of electricity for computations, there should be savings through productivity increases. “Will people need to go to the office less often, and how about the improved performance of machines?” asks the Dubai-based infrastructure investor.

However, it is also important not to overstate AI’s potential benefits to the region’s economies. While AI could be a major driver of economic diversification, Young has yet to be convinced that it will significantly boost the GCC’s GDP growth.

Job creation is a vital element of economic diversification, she tells MEED, but AI is often used to replace roles in the service sector and lower-skilled opportunities, such as those in the retail banking sector. This could impact efforts under way in several GCC states to boost employment among citizens, such as the Saudi Nationalisation Programme and the UAE’s Emiratisation drive.

On the upside, however, AI can be very good at improving efficiencies in the oil and gas industry and the power sector, and at boosting productivity.

The need of the hour appears to be establishing a clear path towards efficient AI deployment, despite the fact that the results of the technology’s full-fledged implementation remain hard to ascertain. 

“The UAE is doing a lot to attract skilled people to provide more value-added services, but that is an organic process and needs a more vibrant ecosystem of education institutions – and companies establishing more than just sales offices – to be truly called a hub,” the infrastructure investor tells MEED. “Saudi Arabia is still a bit far from that.”

Data centres meet upbeat growth 

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/11887895/main.jpg
Jennifer Aguinaldo

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Wood leadership change holds promise for future

    20 October 2025

    Commentary
    Indrajit Sen
    Oil & gas editor

    UK energy engineering consultancy Wood Group’s announcement of a new CEO taking charge later this year is a positive signal, indicating the company is positioning itself for the future.

    The announcement also suggests that the proposed takeover of Wood by Dubai-based Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Shair & Partners Holdings (Sidara) is nearly a done deal. Wood’s board has already accepted a $292m conditional takeover bid from Sidara, with a shareholder vote scheduled for 12 November expected to be a formality.

    New ownership would naturally initiate a strategic reset and establish new priorities and goals. Iain Torrens, currently Wood’s interim group chief financial officer, will take over as CEO from Ken Gilmartin and lead the company towards these new goals.

    Despite financial difficulties in recent years, Wood has been largely successful in winning key consultancy and engineering contracts on critical oil and gas projects in the Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region. This year alone, the company has secured project contracts in Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, as well as in other international markets.

    Wood’s track record of delivering major Mena energy projects, combined with its strong regional presence, is the key factor that attracted Sidara, and the reason it has been pursuing an acquisition for the past two years.

    In addition to the takeover bid, Sidara has offered to assume $1.6bn of Wood’s debt and inject $450m in cash into the company, demonstrating its confidence in Wood’s capabilities.

    With a new owner committed to addressing the company’s financial challenges and a new CEO preparing to take the helm, Wood appears poised to enter a period of renewed stability and growth.

     Wood takeover could boost Sidara profits

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14906715/main.gif
    Indrajit Sen
  • Chinese firm wins Emaar Address Zabeel contract

    17 October 2025

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Beijing-headquartered China State Construction Engineering Corporation has been awarded a contract by UAE-based developer Emaar Properties to build a multi-tower complex in Dubai’s Zabeel area called Address Residences Zabeel.

    The development will comprise four towers offering more than 1,700 one- to four-bedroom residential units, 2,600 square metres of retail space and parking for 2,000 cars. The towers will be 50, 58, 52 and 54 storeys high.

    The project is expected to be completed in 2027.

    The latest contract award from Emaar follows the start of construction activity at the Dubai Square mall, which will be connected to the upcoming Dubai Creek Harbour tower within Emaar's Dubai Creek Harbour development.

    MEED recently reported that Dubai-based contractor Dutco Construction had started mobilising for the main works on the project.

    Dubai’s heightened real estate activity has led to record-breaking announcements from several UAE-based real estate firms. 

    In February this year, Emaar reported a total revenue of AED19.1bn ($5.2bn) in 2024, a 61% increase from 2023. It said it recorded a net profit before tax of about AED10.2bn ($2.8bn), a 20% rise compared to 2023.

    According to data published earlier this year by the Emirates News Agency (Wam), the total value of real estate transactions in the UAE reached AED893bn, with more than 331,300 transactions recorded last year.

    UK analytics firm GlobalData forecasts that the UAE construction industry will register an annual growth of 3.9% in 2025-27, supported by investments in infrastructure, renewable energy, oil and gas, housing, industrial and tourism projects.

    READ THE OCTOBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Private sector takes on expanded role; Riyadh shifts towards strategic expenditure; MEED’s 2025 power developer ranking

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the October 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > AGENDA 1: A new dawn for PPPs
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14892821/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Chinese company to build tyre plant in Morocco

    17 October 2025

    Chinese tyre manufacturer Shandong Yongsheng Rubber has launched a $675m project to build a tyre factory in Morocco.

    The plant will initially produce 6 million semi-steel radial tyres annually, with plans to gradually increase capacity to 12 million units per year, according to a company statement.

    The tyres manufactured will be primarily destined for export to European, African and American markets.

    Shandong Yongsheng Rubber also plans to capitalise on preferential tariffs offered through Morocco’s free trade agreements with numerous jurisdictions, including the European Union, the US and several West African countries, the company said.

    The factory, to be developed in Morocco’s Diouch province, will produce tyres that meet technical standards for developed markets.

    Preliminary administrative procedures, including regulatory registration, have already been completed for the project.

    Increased investment

    Chinese companies in the automotive sector have increased investments in Morocco and neighbouring Algeria in recent years.

    In August, Chinese automotive interior materials manufacturer Kuntai announced plans to establish a production facility in Morocco through its subsidiary Kuntai Hongjing.

    The project represents a total investment of RMB100m ($13.7m) and will focus on manufacturing car floor mats and carpets for vehicles.

    In March, Great Wall Motor, one of China’s top 10 car manufacturers, announced plans to build its first factory in Algeria, joining other companies in the country, including Fiat, Peugeot and Kia.

    Last November, the Algerian Ministry of Industry & Pharmaceutical Production announced that it had granted permits for six new vehicle manufacturing factories in the country.

    In March 2023, Dutch carmaker Stellantis announced plans to spend more than €200m ($213m) to manufacture several Fiat models in Algeria.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14889877/main.jpg
    Wil Crisp
  • Two cement plants to be built in Egypt

    17 October 2025

    Egypt is planning to issue two new cement plant licences before the end of the year, with the aim of cubing rising prices in the country.

    The two new licences were approved during a recent meeting between local cement producers and Kamel El-Wazir, Egypt’s minister of trade and industry, according to a news report by Asharq Business, which cited an anonymous official.

    “The two permits are expected to be released before the end of the year, with each licence including its own production line,” the official said.

    The two new plants are expected to add 1.5-2 million tonnes a year of production to Egypt’s cement output.

    The cement project approvals from Egypt’s government come amid heightened concerns about the cost of construction projects in the country.

    Importing materials and equipment for projects has become increasingly expensive over recent years due to Egypt’s currency weakening. Over the past 12 months, the price of cement has increased by almost 50%.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14889881/main2139.jpg
    Wil Crisp
  • Kuwaiti contractor submits lowest bid for oil project

    17 October 2025

    Ahmadi-based Spetco International has submitted a low bid of KD88.2m ($288.7m) for the contract to develop the planned Mutriba remote boosting facility in Kuwait.

    The project was originally tendered by Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) earlier this year, with a bid submission deadline of 29 June.

    The deadline was extended several times before three Kuwait-based companies submitted bids.

    The details of the bids submitted for the project are as follows:

    • Spetco International – KD88,209,236 ($288.7m)
    • Combined Group Contracting – KD123,000,000 ($402.5m)
    • Alghanim International General Trading & Contracting – KD129,450,000 ($423.7m)

    The project’s scope includes:

    • Development of the Mutriba oil field
    • Installation of the degassing station
    • Installation of manifolds
    • Installation of condensate facilities
    • Installation of wellhead separation units
    • Installation of the pumping system
    • Installation of wellhead facilities
    • Installation of oil and gas treatment plants
    • Installation of a natural gas liquids plant
    • Installation of a water and gas injection plant
    • Construction of associated utilities and facilities

    The onshore Mutriba oil field is located in northwest Kuwait and is being developed as part of Kuwait’s wider strategy to boost the country’s upstream capacity.

    Commercial output from Mutriba officially began on 15 June this year, after several wells were connected to KOC’s production facilities.

    The field, in a previously undeveloped part of Kuwait, covers more than 230 square kilometres and lies outside the area of fields already operated by KOC.

    In September, Kuwait’s Oil Minister Tareq Al‑Roumi said that the country’s oil production capacity had reached 3.2 million barrels a day (b/d), its highest level in more than 10 years.

    Despite the higher capacity, Kuwait says it will continue to abide by Opec+ agreements and will produce 2.559 million b/d.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14892763/main.png
    Wil Crisp