Offshore oil and gas sees steady capex
6 March 2025

This package also includes: Saudi Arabia to retain upstream dominance
With nearly half of the Middle East and North Africa’s (Mena) hydrocarbons reserves located in offshore basins, regional oil and gas producers spend significantly on maintaining and ramping up production levels. Offshore projects are predominantly geared at raising drilling capabilities, expanding subsea infrastructure and building floating production systems.
In addition to boosting production capacity, producers also invest in offshore projects to improve technological innovation, safety and environmental sustainability.
Capital expenditure (capex) on offshore projects in the region has remained steady in the past 10 years, with 2024 being one of the best years on record, witnessing total project spending of $23.5bn.
Qatar’s offshore goals
Qatar accounted for the largest capex on offshore oil and gas projects in Mena last year, according to data from regional projects tracker MEED Projects. The country invested more than $12bn in projects to produce incremental volumes of gas from its North Field reserve, as well to sustain its crude output.
In January 2024, North Oil Company awarded $6bn-worth of engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracts for a third capacity expansion project at the Al-Shaheen offshore field, to boost oil production by about 100,000 barrels a day (b/d).
North Oil Company – a joint venture of state enterprise QatarEnergy (70%) and France’s TotalEnergies (30%) – has been operating the Al-Shaheen field since July 2017. Situated 80 kilometres (km) north of Ras Laffan, at a water depth of 60 metres, Al-Shaheen holds one of the biggest oil reserves in the world and is Qatar’s largest field. It has a production potential of 300,000 b/d and accounts for about 45% of the country’s total oil production.
Meanwhile, Qatar’s North Field liquefied natural gas (LNG) expansion requires state enterprise QatarEnergy to pump large volumes of gas from the North Field offshore reserve to feed the three phases of the $30bn-plus programme. QatarEnergy has invested billions of dollars in EPC works on the two phases of the North Field Production Sustainability (NFPS) project, which aims to maintain steady gas feedstock for the North Field LNG expansion phases.
QatarEnergy LNG, a subsidiary of QatarEnergy, awarded Italy’s Saipem an order valued at $4bn for combined packages Comp3A and Comp3B of the NFPS Offshore Compression Programme’s second phase in September last year. The scope of work on the packages encompasses the engineering, procurement, construction and installation (EPCI) of six platforms, approximately 100km of 28-inch- and 24-inch-diameter corrosion-resistant alloy rigid subsea pipelines, 100km of subsea composite cables, 150km of fibre optic cables and several other subsea units.
The job for combined packages Comp3A and Comp3B is Saipem’s latest contract award as part of the NFPS scheme. The Italian contractor has secured work totalling almost $6bn on the two phases of the project.
UAE pushes offshore
With Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc Group) striving to attain an oil production capacity of 5 million b/d by 2027 and become self-sufficient in gas production by the end of this decade, offshore oil and gas projects have received a significant boost. Adnoc was the second-highest spender on offshore projects in the region last year, as well as in the past 10 years.
In 2024, Adnoc Group subsidiary Adnoc Offshore spent about $6bn on major programmes to potentially increase oil production, such as the two phases of a project to raise output from the Upper Zakum offshore concession in Abu Dhabi to 1.2 million b/d.
In April last year, Adnoc Offshore awarded the project’s main EPC contract – known as UZ 1.2MMBD EPC-1 and worth $825m – to UAE-based Target Engineering Construction Company. In November, Target also won the contract for the project’s next phase, known as UZ 1.2MMBD EPC-2, which is understood to be valued at $500m.
Also last year, Adnoc Offshore awarded a contract, estimated to be worth $2bn, for a project to increase production from the Umm Shaif offshore oil field in Abu Dhabi.
US-based oil and gas contractor McDermott International won the main contract for the Umm Shaif Accelerated Development project, which aims to increase the Umm Shaif oil field’s output from about 275,000 b/d to 390,000 b/d by 2027, and to sustain that level of production until at least 2036.
Aramco maintains capex
In January 2024, the Saudi Energy Ministry directed Saudi Aramco to abandon its campaign to expand its oil production spare capacity from 12 million b/d to 13 million b/d by 2027. As a consequence of that government decision, Aramco cancelled the tendering process for at least 15 schemes involving the EPCI of structures at offshore oil and gas fields.
Aramco has since changed tack, spending an estimated $5bn in 2024 on offshore EPCI contracts and earning third place in the league table of highest offshore spenders in the Mena region last year.
Saipem was the biggest beneficiary of Aramco’s offshore spending, winning five of the eight Contracts Release and Purchase Orders (CRPOs) awarded last year.
In May, Aramco awarded Saipem the contract for CRPO 143, which involves replacing an oil line between the Berri and Manifa oil fields in the kingdom’s Gulf waters.
Aramco then awarded Saipem the contract for CRPO 138, which involves laying a trunkline at the Abu Safah offshore field. The contract is estimated to be worth $500m.
The Milan-listed contractor then scooped three CRPOs in August, starting with CRPOs 132 and 139, the combined value of which is estimated to be about $1bn. In September, Saipem began work on the two contracts, which involve the EPCI of structures to upgrade the Marjan, Zuluf and Safaniya offshore field developments.
Just days after the award of CRPOs 132 and 139, Aramco awarded Saipem CRPO 127, a $2bn contract that involves the EPCI of topsides and jackets for wellhead platforms, a tie-in platform jacket and topside, rigid flowlines, submarine composite cables and fibre optic cables at the Marjan oil and gas field.
In late November, Aramco awarded three further CRPOs worth more than $500m. China Offshore Oil Engineering Company won CRPOs 149 and 152, which are estimated to be valued at $30m and $250m-$300m, respectively. UK-based Subsea7 secured CRPO 153, which is understood to be valued at $200m-$250m.
Positive outlook
Regional national oil companies, particularly those in the Gulf, will seek to maintain a steady stream of investment in offshore projects this year, capitalising on the favourable oil price environment in pursuit of their goal of ramping up output potential in the mid to long term.
Their international counterparts are also likely to press ahead with projects to derive maximum value out of their offshore hydrocarbons assets in the Mena region, a large portion of which are located in prolific, shallow-water formations, making the production of oil and gas more cost-effective than in other regions.
Capex on offshore oil and gas projects this year may well match the level seen in 2024, according to MEED Projects data. In the first two months of 2025, offshore EPC contract awards reached $7.5bn.
Adnoc Offshore accounts for that entire spend through its Lower Zakum Long-Term Development Plan (LTDP-1) project. The company’s long-term objective is to raise output capacity at the Lower Zakum offshore hydrocarbons concession in Abu Dhabi to 520,000 b/d by 2027 and maintain that level until 2034.
Spanish contractor Tecnicas Reunidas and Abu Dhabi-based contractors NMDC Energy and Target Engineering Construction Company have been selceted by Adnoc Offshore to execute EPC works on the three main packages of the Lower Zakum LTDP-1 project.
Separately, Aramco is in the bid evaluation and tendering stages with a total of 12 more CRPOs. The biggest of these offshore tenders are a set of four CRPOs – numbers 145, 146, 147 and 148 – that are part of a project to further expand the Zuluf offshore field development.
These four CRPOs, estimated to be worth about $5.8bn, involve the EPCI of several structures at the Zuluf field, to maintain and raise its long-term oil and gas production potential.
In addition to CRPOs 145, 146, 147 and 148, entities in Saudi Aramco’s Long-Term Agreement (LTA) pool of offshore contractors submitted bids last year for CRPO 150 – an estimated $50m tender that involves the installation of structures at Aramco’s Northern Area Oil Operations.
In December, Aramco issued seven more CRPOs – 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 and 160 – for which its LTA contractors are in the process of preparing bids. Work on these tenders relates to EPCI on structures at several offshore oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia.
Aramco has been the biggest spender on offshore oil and gas projects in the region in the past 10 years, with capex exceeding $48.5bn. The world’s largest company is predicted to spend significantly on offshore EPC projects in 2025, too.
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Paris-headquartered hotel operator Accor expects Dubai’s hotel market to return to pre-conflict occupancy levels by the end of the first quarter or early second quarter of 2027, with room rates lagging the volume recovery by several months.
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Rate outlook
Morin dismissed concerns that the conflict had structurally weakened Dubai’s pricing power, drawing a parallel with the period following Covid-19.
“When we came out of Covid, everybody said those prices would never hold. The question at every analyst call was always the same: your pricing strategy is unsustainable. Guess what? Nothing changed. The prices now, three or four years later, are still the same.”
He argued that consumers consistently prioritise travel expenditure when reallocating budgets. “What you see when the economy goes sideways is that people reallocate disposable income differently. People are basically redirecting the way they do things and keeping the same amount they want to spend, but spending it differently.”
Morin also said Dubai has a track record of outpacing expectations after previous disruptions. “The first part of the world, post-Covid, that came back to positive RevPAR was the Middle East – it was Dubai. People forget that. The capacity of this part of the world to rebound, and the capacity of the industry to rebound in general, is always misunderstood.”
No pullback
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READ THE JULY 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDFStress test for Gulf aviation; Mixed performance as country outlooks diverge in the Levant; GCC tourism sector pivots from crisis to recovery mode.
Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
> AIRPORTS: Dubai and Riyadh reaffirm airport ambitions> INDUSTRY REPORT: Dubai eyes tourism sector recovery> DATA CENTRES: Big Tech falls short on data centre promise> LEADERSHIP: Aramco’s citizen developers accelerate digital changeTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17695301/main.gif -
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Case for nuclear power
Bahrain’s interest in exploring nuclear power has been driven primarily by the limitations of its hydrocarbon endowment. Given its small territorial size – about 786 square kilometres – Bahrain holds relatively modest hydrocarbon reserves compared with its Gulf peers.
The kingdom produces about 200,000 barrels a day (b/d) of oil, of which the Awali Field, also known as the Bahrain Field, contributes approximately 42,400 b/d.
Most of Bahrain’s crude production – about 145,000 b/d – comes from the offshore Abu Safah field, located in Gulf waters between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia and shared between Bapco Energies’ subsidiary Bapco Upstream and Saudi Aramco.
Bapco Energies has long pursued additional resources to boost oil and gas output. However, the discovery of the Khalij Al-Bahrain basin in 2018 – its biggest find in decades – has yet to live up to its promise. Initially estimated to hold 80 billion barrels of oil and 10-20 trillion cubic feet of gas, the find has not translated into production at the anticipated scale. Other, smaller exploration efforts with foreign players have also yet to yield the desired results.
The kingdom therefore remains heavily reliant on its larger neighbour, Saudi Arabia, for oil and gas supplies, importing about 350,000 b/d from Aramco via the AB-4 pipeline.
At the same time, given its environmental sustainability targets, other forms of renewable energy – mainly solar – are unlikely on their own to enable Bahrain to reach net zero by 2060.
Bapco Energies published emissions-reduction targets in July 2023, in one of the most detailed disclosures by any state energy enterprise in the GCC. It has also engaged advisers including Boston Consulting Group to help devise a strategy to meet its environmental goals, and Standard Chartered to support financing requirements.
Using 2017 as a baseline year, Bapco Energies has committed to reducing absolute Scope 3 emissions in Bahrain by 30% by 2035, and to reaching net-zero Scope 3 emissions by 2060.
In addition, Bapco Energies sets out net emissions-intensity reduction targets for Scope 1 and 2 – also using 2017 as a baseline – of 15% by 2025, 25% by 2030, 30% by 2035, 50% by 2040 and 75% by 2050, with the aim of achieving net-zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2060.
Bahrain has been laying the groundwork to enable it to tap nuclear power for household and industrial needs in the future.
The kingdom is already operating under a Country Programme Framework (2024–29) with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which establishes regulatory and safety benchmarks that must be in place before any commercial reactor construction begins.
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