meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Hydrocarbons exploration rebounds

1 March 2023

MEED's upstream oil & gas report also includes: Energy security facilitates upstream spending

 

The world, and particularly countries in the Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region, remains undeterred in its quest to find more oil and gas resources, despite headwinds from energy transition activity and falling long-term hydrocarbons demand forecasts.

Last year, the global oil and gas exploration sector had its strongest year in more than a decade. In its effort to improve portfolios by adding lower-carbon, lower-cost advantaged hydrocarbons, the sector created at least $33bn of value and achieved full-cycle returns of 22 per cent, at $60-a-barrel Brent prices, according to a recent report from Wood Mackenzie.

Julie Wilson, director of global exploration research at Wood Mackenzie, says 2022 was “a standout year for exploration”. 

“Volumes were good, but not stellar. However, explorers were able to drive very high value through strategic selection and by focusing on the best and largest prospects. 

“The discoveries bring higher-quality hydrocarbons into companies’ portfolios, allowing them to reduce carbon by displacing less advantaged oil and gas supplies while also meeting the world’s energy needs.

“The highest value came from world-class discoveries in a new deepwater play in Namibia, as well as resource additions in Algeria and several new deepwater discoveries in Guyana and Brazil, where the latest wave of pre-salt exploration finally met with success,” she says.

“The average discovery last year was over 150 million barrels of oil equivalent, more than double the average of the previous decade,” she adds.

The exploration sector continues to be dominated by national oil companies (NOCs) and majors, with QatarEnergy, France-headquartered TotalEnergies and Brazil’s Petrobras leading the way in net new discovered resources in 2022, according to Wood Mackenzie. In total, NOCs and majors accounted for almost three-quarters of new resources discovered, the research consultancy said.

Qatar’s overseas footprint

In addition to raising gas production capacity from the North Field gas reserve and carrying out a liquefied natural gas (LNG) output expansion programme, QatarEnergy has been pursuing an overseas offshore oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) campaign in recent years.

The state enterprise has been investing in expanding its international upstream footprint, particularly in the gas space. In the past five years, QatarEnergy has acquired interests in gas-rich offshore blocks in Angola, Guyana, Kenya, Egypt, South Africa, Argentina, Mozambique, Morocco, Cyprus, Mexico, Brazil, Oman, Suriname and Canada.

In December, QatarEnergy won an offshore exploration block in Brazil in a consortium with TotalEnergies and Malaysia’s Petronas. QatarEnergy will hold a 20 per cent working interest in the Agua-Marinha production sharing contract, with TotalEnergies holding 30 per cent and Petronas Petroleo Brasil holding 20 per cent. Brazil’s state energy producer ANP will be the operator of the block, with a 30 per cent interest.

QatarEnergy also recently acquired a 30 per cent interest in exploration blocks four and nine off the coast of Lebanon. TotalEnergies is the operator of the blocks, holding a 35 per cent interest, with Italy’s Eni owning the remaining 35 per cent.

Oman E&P arena

Oman hosts the most foreign hydrocarbons E&P companies in the GCC. Majors such as BP, Shell and TotalEnergies have been present in the sultanate since the early 20th century, while smaller international upstream players have also been looking for – and producing – oil and gas for the past three decades.

The majority state-owned Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) operates the sultanate’s biggest and most prolific hydrocarbons concession, block six. The smaller oil and gas concession areas are operated by firms headquartered overseas such as Eni, Occidental Petroleum, Tethys Oil and Maha Energy, as well as by local firms such as ARA Petroleum, Majan Energy & Petroleum and Musandam Oil & Gas Company.

Oman’s Energy & Minerals Ministry signed a concession agreement in December 2021 with a consortium led by Shell’s Oman subsidiary, Shell Integrated Gas Oman, to develop and produce natural gas from block 10 of the Saih Rawl gas field.

The consortium comprises Omani state energy enterprise OQ and Marsa LNG, a joint venture of France’s TotalEnergies and OQ. The concession agreement established Shell as the operator of block 10.

By late January, Shell had started producing gas from the Mabrouk North East field located in block 10.

In September last year, the Omani energy ministry signed another E&P agreement with Shell and France’s TotalEnergies to develop block 11, which is located adjacent to block 10 and is understood to be rich in natural gas reserves.

Shell and TotalEnergies will own 67.5 per cent and 22.5 per cent stakes in block 11, respectively, with OQ holding the other 10 per cent. Shell is the operator with the majority stake in the concession.

UAE makes strides

Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) has completed two upstream concession licensing rounds in the past

four years, attracting oil and gas producing companies from the US, Italy, Pakistan, India, Thailand and Japan to explore for resources.

Offshore block two, which is operated by Italian energy major Eni with Thailand’s state-owned PTT Exploration & Production Public Company (PTTEP), has so far yielded two discoveries with combined estimated reserves of up to 3 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of gas.

In addition, in May last year, Adnoc announced the discovery of 650 million barrels of onshore crude oil reserves in Abu Dhabi, which increased the UAE’s hydrocarbons reserves base to 111 billion stock tank barrels of oil and 289 tcf of gas.

Adnoc also awarded Malaysia’s Petronas a six-year concession agreement in December to explore and appraise oil in unconventional onshore block one, deemed to be the Middle East’s first unconventional oil concession.

In Sharjah, Eni won stakes in all three upstream concession areas offered by Sharjah National Oil Company (SNOC) to international investors in the emirate’s first competitive hydrocarbons block bidding round, launched in June 2018. 

In January 2019, Eni successfully secured 75 per cent, 50 per cent and 75 per cent stakes in SNOC’s concession areas A, B and C, respectively.

Then, in October last year, PTTEP acquired a 25 per cent stake from Eni in area A, as a result of which Eni’s share in all three concession zones is now at 50 per cent.

Sharjah’s oil and gas fortunes reversed in January 2021, when SNOC, together with its partner Eni, announced the start-up of the Mahani 1 gas well. This marked the commencement of gas production from the Mahani field, located in area B, the first such onshore hydrocarbons discovery made in Sharjah in 37 years.

Energy security facilitates upstream spending

Bahrain labours on

Bahrain announced the discovery of the large Khalij al-Bahrain offshore hydrocarbons basin – estimated to contain 80 billion barrels of oil and 10-20 trillion cubic feet of gas – in April 2018.

Nearly five years later, Manama has been unable to make significant progress on the commercial appraisal of the oil and gas resources base. However, the lack of success with Khalij al-Bahrain has not deterred the country from continuing its exploration elsewhere.

In November, state energy conglomerate Nogaholding announced the discovery of natural gas in the two reservoirs of Al-Jawf and Al-Juba. The gas deposits are unconventional and situated in the Khuff and Unayzah geological formations.

Mena players make progress

Iraq, Opec’s second-largest oil producer, continues to seek more hydrocarbons resources in its territory. As recently as in February, the Oil Ministry awarded six oil concessions as part of the country’s fifth licensing round.

Three E&P concessions – one in Basra and two in Diyala governorates – were awarded to UAE-based Crescent Petroleum. Three others, also in Basra and Diyala, were awarded to China’s Geo-Jade Petroleum.

Eni’s discovery of the large Zohr gas field in the Mediterranean waters in 2015 elevated Egypt’s status as a significant upstream market globally, and the country’s government intends to continue to attract more E&P players on the back of this success.

Egypt’s hydrocarbons reserves spiked in 2022 with 53 new oil and gas discoveries: 42 oil wells and 11 gas wells, according to the Petroleum & Mineral Resources Ministry. The discoveries were made in Egypt’s Western Desert region, the Suez Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile Delta.

So far in 2023, US-based Chevron, which operates the Nargis offshore concession in the East Mediterranean, together with its partners Eni and Egypt’s Tharwa Petroleum, has announced a discovery of Miocene and Oligocene gas-bearing sandstones.

At the start of this year, Egypt also launched an international licensing round for exploration rights in the Nile Delta and the Mediterranean, comprising 12 onshore and offshore blocks.

“There is a lot of uncertainty in future long-term demand scenarios for oil,” says Wilson. 

“Explorers are accelerating oil exploration to meet near- and mid-term demand, while gas exploration was focused in geographies that can supply the gas-hungry European market. In some cases, major leases are approaching the expiration of the exploration term and companies are pushing to optimise their value.”

She concludes: “By 2030, fast-tracked development of these new discoveries could deliver 1 million barrels a day in oil and half a million barrels a day of equivalent gas production, generating $15bn in free cash flow.” 

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/10640105/main.gif
Indrajit Sen

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Aramco Stadium races towards completion

    12 November 2025

     

    The Aramco Stadium in Khobar is moving forward at an impressive pace as the fast-track project races towards completion in 2026

    The 47,000-seat stadium will be the new home for the Aramco-owned Al-Qadsiah Club and a key venue for the 2027 AFC Asian Cup and the 2034 Fifa World Cup. 

    The project’s progress stems from detailed planning and an accelerated delivery strategy. The project was conceived in May 2023, with the design process, managed by Aramco, commencing shortly thereafter. 

    “We completed the design within six months,” said Mohammed Subhi, the Aramco Stadium’s project manager.


    The project advanced quickly due to thorough planning and a fast-track delivery approach. Initiated in May 2023, the design phase—overseen by Aramco—was completed within six months

    An early engagement approach with the main contractor – a joint venture of Besix and Al-Bawani – was instrumental in maintaining momentum. This partnership began early in 2024, allowing for collaborative input on critical construction elements. 

    This upfront collaboration minimised pre-construction time, ensuring a rapid transition to site work.

    Engineering challenges

    The stadium’s architectural design, inspired by the natural whirlpools of the Gulf and featuring interwoven transparent sails, presents significant engineering challenges, particularly in the structural steel and façade work. For spectator comfort, the stadium is equipped with full cooling systems and designed to the highest international standards.

    Logistics management is another crucial facet of the project, which is located in central Khobar. With thousands of workers on site, the movement of materials is tightly controlled to minimise community disruption. 

    “We control how many trucks can enter the site and at what time. For example, we cannot cast concrete during the day. It has to be after 6pm, up until the early morning,” said Subhi.

    A key priority on site is health and safety, an area where the organisation’s legacy from its oil and gas operations is clearly visible. Subhi explains that the principle of health and safety is part of the company’s DNA and is embodied in the deployment of advanced technology and rigorous standards, which have collectively resulted in over 10 million safe working hours to date.

    The project employs a sophisticated Smart Safety Command Centre (SCC), which utilises artificial intelligence-based monitoring and 24/7 surveillance. One key feature of the centre is the crane collision prevention system – a key technological advancement in heavy machinery coordination and a first for the region. 

    “We have tower cranes and crawler cranes talking to each other. The anti-collision system means cranes talk to each other without human interference, and they automatically shut down when they are too close to each other,” said Subhi.


    A key technological advancement is the crane collision prevention system, which means the cranes talk to each other and shut down if they become too close

    In addition to ground operations, the project is leveraging aerial technology to mitigate risk in high-altitude work.

    “We have used drones for the inspection of the cranes and inspection of the steel structure itself to minimise the risk of working at height,” said Subhi.


    Drones have been adopted on-site to mitigate the risk of working at height

    Worker welfare

    The project’s commitment extends beyond mere regulatory compliance to comprehensive worker welfare, establishing a high standard for construction sites in the region. 

    With current staffing reaching approximately 11,000 direct and indirect workers, welfare provisions are a core priority, linking directly back to Aramco’s corporate standards.

    In a region where extreme heat is a constant challenge, the project has implemented advanced heat stress management protocols. This includes the installation of heat sensors with alarm systems, mandatory work stoppage during peak heat hours and regular briefings on heat exhaustion symptoms. Fully air-conditioned rest areas are provided for breaks and meals.

    Aramco is also committed to developing national talent. A significant proportion of the staff are young, and about 20% of the team are women.

    The relationship with the joint-venture contractor is defined by collaboration rather than traditional client-contractor hierarchy. “We are one team, working together,” said Subhi. This approach has fostered a cooperative environment that is accelerating the on-site progress towards the 2026 completion goal. 

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15073939/main.gif
    Colin Foreman
  • Oman signs PPA for 125MW Dhofar 2 wind project

    12 November 2025

    Singapore's Sembcorp Utilities and local firm OQ Alternative Energy (OQAE) have won a contract to develop the 125MW Dhofar 2 wind independent power project in Oman.

    The contract was awarded by state offtaker Nama Power & Water Procurement Company (Nama PWP) under a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA).

    Under the PPA, Sembcorp and OQAE will form a joint venture to build, own and operate the wind farm, which will supply power to Nama PWP once operational.

    The equity split will give Sembcorp 75% and OQAE 25%, a source close to the project told MEED.

    Nama PWP said that it will allocate a portion of contracted works for the Dhofar 2 project to Omani small and medium-sized enterprises under its in-country value programme.

    The project is expected to begin commercial operations in the third quarter of 2027.

    The facility, valued at about OR43m ($112m), will be located on a 12-square-kilometre site in Dhofar Governorate.

    The project comprises 20 Windey WD200 turbines, each with a 6.25MW capacity. Each turbine stands 215 metres tall and will be connected to the national grid via a 400kV substation.

    The development will provide clean electricity to more than 18,000 homes and will cut carbon dioxide emissions by about 158,000 tonnes a year.

    It is also expected to generate about 396,754 megawatt-hours and free up around 76 million cubic metres of natural gas annually.

    Sembcorp has over 1.1GW of energy assets in Oman. In September, the firm signed a new 10-year power and water purchase agreement with Nama PWP for its Salalah independent water and power plant.

    According to Nama PWP, the offtaker has contracted 26 water and desalination plants, exceeding $11bn in investment, over the past 15 years.

    Chief energy transition officer at Nama PWP, Abdullah Bin Rashid Al-Sawafi, said the company "plans to attract a further $5bn over the next five years, mainly in renewable energy and storage technologies".

    This includes an extra 9GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, representing 60% of total contracted capacity.

    Oman aims to have 30% of its electricity generation from renewable sources by the same year.

    READ THE NOVEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Mena players up the ante in global LNG production race; Investment takes UAE non-oil economy from strength to strength; Project finance activity draws international lenders back to market

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the November 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15073043/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Hitachi wins Alexandria Raml tram systems deal

    12 November 2025

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Hitachi Rail has announced that it has won a contract related to the modernisation and upgrade of the Alexandria Raml tram network in Egypt.

    Hitachi Rail said it will deliver advanced signalling and communications systems, an operational control centre and supervisory control and data acquisition, security systems with CCTV cameras and access control, passenger information and on-board equipment.

    The contract was awarded by a joint venture of Hassan Allam and Arab Contractors.

    The project scope includes rehabilitating a 13.2-kilometre tram line, constructing a maintenance depot, developing elevated viaducts and upgrading 24 stations.

    The project will reduce journey times from 60 to 35 minutes by increasing the operational speed on the line from 11 kilometres an hour (km/h) to 21km/h. The project will also increase the hourly capacity from 4,700 to 13,800 passengers in each direction. 

    UK analytics firm GlobalData expects the Egyptian construction industry to grow by 6.5% in real terms in 2025, supported by investments in oil and gas, industrial and housing construction projects. According to the Central Bank of Egypt, the country’s average construction production index grew by 5.8% year-on-year in the first 10 months of 2024.

    GlobalData says the construction industry's output is expected to register an annual average growth rate of 8% in 2026-29, supported by investments in commercial, renewable energy and transport infrastructure projects, coupled with the government’s target of developing 10GW of renewable energy projects by 2028 under the Nexus of Water, Food and Energy Programme.

    The infrastructure construction sector is expected to expand by 4.4% in real terms in 2025 and record an annual average growth rate of 7% in 2026-29, supported by government plans to continue its spending on transport infrastructure, ports and terminals.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15073050/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Contract award nears for Al-Ula tram works

    12 November 2025

     

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Saudi Arabia’s Royal Commission for Al-Ula (RCU) is preparing to award the contract to build infrastructure for the tramway at the Al-Ula development.

    MEED understands that bid evaluation has reached advanced stages and the contract award is imminent.

    Contractors submitted revised bids for the scheme in August, as MEED reported.

    It is understood that consortiums were asked to propose self-funded financing arrangements for the project.

    The first phase of the tram scheme is a 22.4-kilometre-long line with 17 stations, operated by 20 trams. It will link Al-Ula International airport to five of the area’s historical regions.

    The scope of work includes the design and construction of a tram depot, tram tracks, technical buildings, station buildings and other associated infrastructure.

    In June, MEED exclusively reported that the RCU had asked firms to submit their final offers for a contract to build tramway infrastructure at the Al-Ula development.

    The RCU issued a request for proposals in June last year and received commercial bids for the project on 10 November.

    France’s Systra is the consultant.

    In October 2023, the RCU announced that France’s Alstom will supply rolling stock and systems for the Al-Ula tram scheme.

    The RCU unveiled an investment plan worth SR57bn ($15bn) to regenerate Al-Ula in April 2021. About $3.2bn has been allocated for infrastructure development, including the tram and renewable power generation.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15072614/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Contractors submit bids for $1.4bn Kuwait oil pipeline

    12 November 2025

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    A low bid of KD419m ($1.4bn) has been submitted on an oil pipeline project in Kuwait, according to figures published by the country’s Central Agency for Public Tenders (Capt).

    The bid was submitted by local contractor Alghanim International General Trading & Contracting.

    The contract was tendered by state-owned upstream operator Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) and covers the construction of crude oil pipelines and associated works.

    The full list of bidders and prices is:

    • Alghanim International General Trading & Contracting – KD419m ($1.4bn)
    • Mechanical Engineering & Construction Company – KD422.5m
    • Al-Dar Engineering & Construction Company – KD425.7m
    • Combined Group Contracting Company – KD502m
    • Heisco – KD506.1m
    • Sayed Hameed Behbehani & Sons – KD674m

    Kuwait is trying to boost project activity in its upstream sector.

    The country’s national oil company, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, is aiming to increase oil production capacity to 4 million barrels a day (b/d) by 2035.

    In August, Kuwait announced that it was producing 3.2 million b/d.

    Earlier this month, KOC said it was planning to spend KD1.2bn ($3.92bn) on its exploration drilling programme through 2030.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15072150/main.jpg
    Wil Crisp