meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Egypt’s desalination projects inch forward

8 February 2024

This package on Egypt’s water sector also includes:

> Egypt expects desalination tender in May
> Egypt nears 6 October City wastewater tender
> Egypt invites Helwan wastewater prequalification
> Team wins Fayoum wastewater retrofit deal

 

Data shows Egypt’s per capita annual renewable water supply dwindled from 1,426 cubic metres in 1977 to about 558 cubic metres in 2022. This puts the North African state well below the water scarcity threshold of 1,000 cubic metres a year per capita.

Climate change, inefficiency and the potential impact of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on water flows into the Nile River, which supplies up to 95 per cent of the country’s water requirements, will only exacerbate the water scarcity issue.

With a population of 113 million and one baby born every 19 seconds, Egypt must implement immediate measures and projects in line with its long-term water strategy to keep up with demand and avert a full-blown crisis, which would have a major impact on agriculture and economic output.

Government agencies have responded to the challenge by drawing up plans to modernise agricultural techniques to minimise water waste or develop unconventional water sources through the treatment of wastewater and seawater.

Currently, the country is understood to have over 60 water desalination plants with a total combined capacity of around 800,000 cubic metres a day (cm/d).

The government aims to grow this capacity 10-fold to 8.8 million cm/d by 2050 and has initiated an ambitious capacity procurement programme to reach this target.

In March last year, the London-based European Bank for Reconstruction & Development (EBRD) and Washington-headquartered International Finance Corporation signed an advisory deal with The Sovereign Fund of Egypt (TSFE) and the Egyptian government to support them in preparing and procuring the programme’s first four seawater desalination plants.

EBRD said the desalination project will help “to ensure Egypt’s water security, improve its resilience, mitigate the impact of climate change-induced freshwater scarcity and boost sustainable economic growth”.

The bank also stressed that the electricity used to power the desalination plants will be procured from renewable energy sources.

Two months later, in May 2023, TSFE prequalified 17 teams and companies that can bid for the contracts to develop up to 8.85 cm/d of renewable energy-powered desalination capacity in Egypt.

These companies and consortiums include the largest international and regional water utility developers and investors, as well as engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractors.

The entire programme will be procured in batches, with prequalified bidders split into four bands that will determine the capacity or size of the projects they can bid on.

In January 2024, Atter Ezzat Hannoura, public-private partnership (PPP) central unit director at Egypt’s Finance Ministry, said the target date for issuing the request for proposals for the first batch of water desalination plants is in May this year.

He also said the first batch of projects will comprise eight or nine seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants, with a combined total capacity of up to 900,000 cm/d. This is significantly higher than the previously proposed four desalination plants with a capacity of under 500,000 cm/d.

Concerned authorities and ministries are still undertaking final discussions before the request for proposals can be released, according to Hannoura. One of these issues is how and where to source renewable power for the desalination plants.

The discussions are understood to revolve around two available options – drawing renewable power from the electricity grid or integrating solar farms into the desalination plants to minimise or eliminate their dependence on the grid.

Crucially, discussions are also focusing on the project structure to make them bankable.

As one expert points out, the planned water desalination PPP projects in Egypt, similar to its power generation capacity expansion plans, face multiple issues, not the least the creation of a more favourable business investment climate.

“We are monitoring the projects closely,” says a Dubai-based executive with a multinational bank. “We want to understand how they intend to manage the fiscal risks as well as the long-term nature of these projects, and how we might be able to play a role.”

Wastewater

Treating wastewater for reuse is another key element in Egypt’s water scarcity response. Some $2.1bn-worth of water treatment plant schemes are in the pre-execution phase in Egypt, according to the latest available data from regional projects tracker MEED Projects.

Egypt’s Construction Authority for Potable Water & Wastewater is undertaking the prequalification process for the contracts to design and build the next phases of the Gabal Al Asfar, Helwan and Alexandria West wastewater treatment plants.

Through Egypt’s PPP Central Unit, the New Urban Communities Authority (Nuca) has also initiated the procurement of an independent wastewater treatment plant (IWTP) in 6 October City, which is anticipated to have a design capacity of 150,000 cm/d.

The procuring authority is expected to issue the tender for the contract to develop and operate the project in the first quarter of 2024.

Under the current plan, the sewage treatment charge in the financial bids Nuca expects to receive will be split, with 70% in Egyptian pounds (£E) and 30% based on the US dollar, paid in £E at the prevailing US dollar/£E exchange rate on the day of payment.

Nuca is planning another IWTP facility in New Damietta along the Mediterranean coast, which will have a capacity of 50,000 cm/d.

  MEED’s March 2024 special report on Egypt also includes:

> Cairo beset by regional geopolitical storm
> More pain for more gain for Egypt
> Familiar realities threaten Egypt’s energy ambitions

 

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/11497556/main.jpg
Jennifer Aguinaldo

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Iraq discusses starting operations at $3.78bn refinery project

    8 October 2026

    Iraq’s Minister of Oil, Basem Muhammad Khudair Al-Abadi, has met with Japanese officials to discuss plans to commission the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit at the Basra refinery upgrade project, according to a ministry statement.

    The meeting was attended by the Japanese Embassy’s executive officer as well as representatives from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica) and Japan-based JGC, which is the main contractor on the project.

    According to the ministry, discussions focused on direct implementation steps and coordination between Iraqi authorities and the Japanese partners to bring the unit online using Japanese refining technologies.

    Iraq’s South Refineries Company (SRC) sent JGC notice of the main contract award for the Basra refinery upgrade project’s FCC package in August 2020.

    JGC was awarded the contract in consortium with South Korea’s Hyundai E&C.

    The official contract signing ceremony was held in Baghdad on 1 October 2020.

    The contract awarded to JGC, which uses the engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning model, was worth $3.78bn.

    Project delays

    The project has faced issues related to the ongoing regional conflict, which started when the US and Israel attacked Iran on 28 February.

    JGC evacuated its personnel from the site in the southern oil hub of Basra following the start of the regional war, stopping work on the project, which was in its final stages of construction.

    In August, JGC signed an agreement to restart work.

    The project will produce around 5 million litres a day of gasoline and 7 million litres a day of diesel.

    The FCC package is part of a broader project to upgrade the Basra refinery.

    Oil Ministry officials said in late 2025 that the Basra refinery upgrade project aims to slash Iraq’s fuel import bill and convert heavy refining residues into high-value petroleum products.

    The project site is located about 12 kilometres east of Iraq’s southern city of Basra.

    The wider upgrade project is installing new facilities on land adjacent to the existing Basra refinery, including a vacuum distillation unit and a diesel desulphurisation unit.

    In April 2021, France’s Axens won a contract to provide four process technologies to SRC for the Basra refinery upgrade project.

    The technologies that SRC selected are:

    • Diesel hydrotreatment unit (Prime-D)
    • Vacuum gasoil (VGO) hydrotreating unit
    • VGO fluid catalytic cracker unit
    • Oligomerisation unit (polynaphtha)

    In addition, Axens is providing catalysts and adsorbents and proprietary equipment, training and technical services.

    READ THE OCTOBER 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Industry and logistics drive development at Neom; Saudi Arabia’s investment priorities realign amid conflict; MEED’s 2026 power developer ranking.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the October 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/20366574/main.png
    Wil Crisp
  • Drilling resumes at Iraq’s Akkas field

    8 October 2026

     

    Drilling has resumed as part of the project to further develop Iraq’s Akkas gas field, according to industry sources.

    In March, MEED reported that development of the field had been disrupted by security issues related to the US and Israel’s war with Iran.

    Activity at the project site had been significantly reduced due to security concerns, which led to the evacuation of most non-Iraqi workers.

    Now, the project is progressing and drilling at the field is ongoing, sources said.

    One source said: “Many of the major issues that stopped drilling at the site have been dealt with in various ways, and the development of the field is proceeding.”

    Iraq held a ceremony in January to mark the start of drilling operations under the current phase of development. In July of the previous year, the Iraqi Oil Ministry announced a contract with US-based oilfield services provider SLB to develop the field. Under the agreement, SLB is drilling wells to raise initial output to 100 million cubic feet a day (cf/d), with a long-term production target of 400 million cf/d.

    The contract with SLB replaced a previous deal with Ukraine-based Ukrzemresurs, which has been terminated.

    It also covers the construction of surface infrastructure and pipelines to connect Akkas to central processing units.

    The gas produced at Akkas will fuel the Anbar combined-cycle power plant, which the Electricity Ministry is building.

    Akkas gas field development

    Located in western Anbar province, Akkas holds an estimated 5.6 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gas reserves. The field was discovered in 1992 and entered initial production in 1993, but efforts to develop it commercially have faced repeated delays.

    Development rights were originally awarded to a consortium of South Korea’s Kogas and Kazakhstan’s KazMunaiGas (KMG) during Iraq’s third licensing round in 2010. After KMG withdrew, Kogas took over as sole operator under revised contractual terms before work was subsequently halted.

    In April 2024, the Oil Ministry signed an agreement with Ukraine’s Ukrzemresurs targeting 100 million cf/d within two years and 400 million cf/d within four years. However, the deal faced strong domestic political resistance.

    Iraq’s parliamentary Oil and Gas Committee opposed the award, with committee member Ali Al-Mashkour telling Shafaq News Agency: “This contract involves a great waste of Iraq’s wealth, and there will be a waste of Iraq’s oil, and this confirms that Iraq is once again failing to choose reputable companies to work with in the most important economic field in the country.”

    He added: “We will work to uncover and expose the suspicions in this contract during the next stage, especially since this contract was made by some representatives for specific interests, which we will reveal soon with evidence.”

    The deal was subsequently terminated, paving the way for the current contract with SLB.

    The development of Akkas is central to Baghdad’s broader ambition to transition from a net gas importer into an exporter. Iraq remains heavily dependent on gas imports from Iran to meet domestic electricity demand. Both the US and Saudi Arabia have backed Iraq’s efforts to develop non-associated gas fields to reduce its economic and energy dependence on Tehran.

    READ THE OCTOBER 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Industry and logistics drive development at Neom; Saudi Arabia’s investment priorities realign amid conflict; MEED’s 2026 power developer ranking.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the October 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/20366494/main5816.jpg
    Wil Crisp
  • Neom extends bid deadline for Oxagon wastewater plant

    8 October 2026

     

    Neom has extended the bid submission deadline for a contract to build a wastewater treatment plant for Oxagon, its industrial cluster.

    According to a source, the new deadline is 25 October. The original deadline was 2 October.

    Enowa, Neom’s energy and water utility, is tendering the contract.

    The industrial wastewater treatment package will have an initial capacity of 35,000 cubic metres a day (cm/d), supplied in modular trains of 5,000 cm/d each. A separate sanitary wastewater treatment package will have a capacity of 1,000 cm/d.

    The contract is structured as a design-build-operate project and covers the supply, installation and commissioning of industrial and sanitary wastewater treatment packages, as well as three years of operation and maintenance.

    According to sources, local contractor Alfanar, Beijing-based PowerChina and France-based Veolia are among the companies preparing bids.

    The project follows an earlier tender for the Oxagon Village Water Recycling Plant, which was cancelled despite contractors submitting bids in 2024.

    MEED reported at the time that PowerChina, Alfanar and Cairo-headquartered Orascom had submitted bids for that project.

    The earlier scheme included truck-receiving facilities, pretreatment, biological treatment using food chain reactor technology, tertiary treatment, sludge handling and recycled-water storage.

    The latest procurement appears to take a reworked approach to wastewater treatment at Oxagon Industrial Quarter. It replaces the previous engineering, procurement and construction scheme with an interim modular and demountable facility.

    The plant is designed to provide “interim wastewater treatment” capacity for Oxagon Industrial Quarter as industrial development progresses.

    As MEED understands, this includes treatment systems that can be installed and subsequently removed or relocated as requirements at Oxagon evolve. The plant can be expanded to a maximum capacity of 45,000 cm/d.

    The tender documents also state that Neom may consider export credit agency (ECA) financing for the project. The strength of bidders’ ECA financing proposals will form part of the commercial evaluation.

    READ THE OCTOBER 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Industry and logistics drive development at Neom; Saudi Arabia’s investment priorities realign amid conflict; MEED’s 2026 power developer ranking.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the October 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/20347018/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Syria seeks interest for $1.16bn Euphrates dam

    7 October 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Syria’s Ministry of Energy has invited expressions of interest (EoIs) for the development of the Halabiyeh-Zalabiyeh dam project on the Euphrates River.

    The project has an indicative total cost of $1.16bn, according to the ministry’s EoI document. This includes $433.7m for the dam and hydropower plant and $729.6m for the pumped-storage power plant (PSP). 

    The scheme includes an 81MW hydroelectric power plant and a pumped-storage facility with a capacity of up to 1,200MW. The project will also include the construction of the dam and associated water-storage infrastructure. 

    The ministry seeks interest from qualified local and international companies, investors and other entities. Interested parties can participate in studies, design, financing, construction, and operation and maintenance of the project. 

    The ministry is considering several potential development structures, including build-own-operate-transfer, build-operate-transfer and public-private partnership models, as well as an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) structure. It has said it is also open to proposals covering consultancy and financing services.

    The EoI covers several stages, including pre-feasibility and feasibility studies, financing and bankability studies, detailed and executive design, EPC execution, and operation and maintenance.

    The technical specifications envisage a 23-metre-high dam with a reservoir storage capacity of about 219 million cubic metres.

    The hydropower plant will have three generating units, while the 1,200MW PSP will have 3.5 hours of storage capacity and four reversible units.

    The deadline for submitting EoIs is 10 November, with enquiries accepted until 26 October.

    READ THE OCTOBER 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Industry and logistics drive development at Neom; Saudi Arabia’s investment priorities realign amid conflict; MEED’s 2026 power developer ranking.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the October 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/20336025/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Arada launches UAE construction arm with Roberts

    7 October 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    UAE developer Arada has integrated Australian contractor Roberts into the UAE market as part of its wider business strategy.

    Arada acquired Roberts in 2025 after entering the Australian market. The tier-one contractor delivers projects in the healthcare, education, commercial, residential, hospitality, industrial, life sciences and defence sectors.

    At the time of the acquisition, Arada said it planned to invest about $20m in Roberts. The investment is intended to give the developer greater control over the delivery of its Australian projects and support Roberts’ expansion into markets including the UAE.

    Arada has said it could invest up to $100m in Roberts’ expansion into new sectors and markets. The company is targeting $1bn in annual revenue from Roberts by 2028.

    Roberts has established a UAE office, with a head office team already in place. Arada said the contractor’s capabilities will support the delivery of its high-rise residential and social infrastructure projects.

    The contractor’s first UAE project will be phase two of Arada Central Business District, a commercial development within Aljada in Sharjah. Arada is developing the AED35bn ($9.5bn) mixed-use project.

    Roberts is also providing preconstruction services for several Arada projects in Dubai and Sharjah, ahead of starting site work.

    READ THE OCTOBER 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Industry and logistics drive development at Neom; Saudi Arabia’s investment priorities realign amid conflict; MEED’s 2026 power developer ranking.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the October 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/20334926/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal