Egypt’s desalination projects inch forward
8 February 2024
This package on Egypt’s water sector also includes:
> Egypt expects desalination tender in May
> Egypt nears 6 October City wastewater tender
> Egypt invites Helwan wastewater prequalification
> Team wins Fayoum wastewater retrofit deal

Data shows Egypt’s per capita annual renewable water supply dwindled from 1,426 cubic metres in 1977 to about 558 cubic metres in 2022. This puts the North African state well below the water scarcity threshold of 1,000 cubic metres a year per capita.
Climate change, inefficiency and the potential impact of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on water flows into the Nile River, which supplies up to 95 per cent of the country’s water requirements, will only exacerbate the water scarcity issue.
With a population of 113 million and one baby born every 19 seconds, Egypt must implement immediate measures and projects in line with its long-term water strategy to keep up with demand and avert a full-blown crisis, which would have a major impact on agriculture and economic output.
Government agencies have responded to the challenge by drawing up plans to modernise agricultural techniques to minimise water waste or develop unconventional water sources through the treatment of wastewater and seawater.
Currently, the country is understood to have over 60 water desalination plants with a total combined capacity of around 800,000 cubic metres a day (cm/d).
The government aims to grow this capacity 10-fold to 8.8 million cm/d by 2050 and has initiated an ambitious capacity procurement programme to reach this target.
In March last year, the London-based European Bank for Reconstruction & Development (EBRD) and Washington-headquartered International Finance Corporation signed an advisory deal with The Sovereign Fund of Egypt (TSFE) and the Egyptian government to support them in preparing and procuring the programme’s first four seawater desalination plants.
EBRD said the desalination project will help “to ensure Egypt’s water security, improve its resilience, mitigate the impact of climate change-induced freshwater scarcity and boost sustainable economic growth”.
The bank also stressed that the electricity used to power the desalination plants will be procured from renewable energy sources.
Two months later, in May 2023, TSFE prequalified 17 teams and companies that can bid for the contracts to develop up to 8.85 cm/d of renewable energy-powered desalination capacity in Egypt.
These companies and consortiums include the largest international and regional water utility developers and investors, as well as engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractors.
The entire programme will be procured in batches, with prequalified bidders split into four bands that will determine the capacity or size of the projects they can bid on.
In January 2024, Atter Ezzat Hannoura, public-private partnership (PPP) central unit director at Egypt’s Finance Ministry, said the target date for issuing the request for proposals for the first batch of water desalination plants is in May this year.
He also said the first batch of projects will comprise eight or nine seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants, with a combined total capacity of up to 900,000 cm/d. This is significantly higher than the previously proposed four desalination plants with a capacity of under 500,000 cm/d.
Concerned authorities and ministries are still undertaking final discussions before the request for proposals can be released, according to Hannoura. One of these issues is how and where to source renewable power for the desalination plants.
The discussions are understood to revolve around two available options – drawing renewable power from the electricity grid or integrating solar farms into the desalination plants to minimise or eliminate their dependence on the grid.
Crucially, discussions are also focusing on the project structure to make them bankable.
As one expert points out, the planned water desalination PPP projects in Egypt, similar to its power generation capacity expansion plans, face multiple issues, not the least the creation of a more favourable business investment climate.
“We are monitoring the projects closely,” says a Dubai-based executive with a multinational bank. “We want to understand how they intend to manage the fiscal risks as well as the long-term nature of these projects, and how we might be able to play a role.”
Wastewater
Treating wastewater for reuse is another key element in Egypt’s water scarcity response. Some $2.1bn-worth of water treatment plant schemes are in the pre-execution phase in Egypt, according to the latest available data from regional projects tracker MEED Projects.
Egypt’s Construction Authority for Potable Water & Wastewater is undertaking the prequalification process for the contracts to design and build the next phases of the Gabal Al Asfar, Helwan and Alexandria West wastewater treatment plants.
Through Egypt’s PPP Central Unit, the New Urban Communities Authority (Nuca) has also initiated the procurement of an independent wastewater treatment plant (IWTP) in 6 October City, which is anticipated to have a design capacity of 150,000 cm/d.
The procuring authority is expected to issue the tender for the contract to develop and operate the project in the first quarter of 2024.
Under the current plan, the sewage treatment charge in the financial bids Nuca expects to receive will be split, with 70% in Egyptian pounds (£E) and 30% based on the US dollar, paid in £E at the prevailing US dollar/£E exchange rate on the day of payment.
Nuca is planning another IWTP facility in New Damietta along the Mediterranean coast, which will have a capacity of 50,000 cm/d.
MEED’s March 2024 special report on Egypt also includes:
> Cairo beset by regional geopolitical storm
> More pain for more gain for Egypt
> Familiar realities threaten Egypt’s energy ambitions

Exclusive from Meed
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Saudi Arabia approves new procurement law17 August 2026
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GCC reviews first phase of water interconnection study17 August 2026
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Neom’s next phase is crucial to green hydrogen pipeline17 August 2026
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Five bid for King Salman Bay construction work17 August 2026
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PDO allows more time for Al-Ghubar field project prices17 August 2026
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The new law aims to strengthen governance and transparency, improve procurement planning and implementation, and promote fairness and equal opportunities in government contracting.
The changes give government entities greater flexibility in procurement while introducing new provisions that could affect contractors and suppliers, including contract variations, outstanding payments and procurement procedures.
Contract flexibility
According to a Ministry of Finance summary of the key amendments, one of the main changes allows government entities to increase existing contract items by up to 20% of the contract value. Contractor approval is required for increases exceeding 10%, while the total increase from adding new items or increasing existing items cannot exceed 20% of the contract value.
The amendments also introduce measures addressing outstanding payments to contractors. A government entity cannot make a new award when it has outstanding amounts owed to contractors for works or procurement and the required procedures have not been taken, after notification from the Ministry of Finance.
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Single committee
Under the new law, the committees responsible for opening and examining bids will be merged into a single committee.
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Direct procurement will also be permitted in cases involving research, development and innovation and certain contracts with professional practitioners.
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Localisation
The new framework includes provisions covering industrial localisation and knowledge transfer. The Ministry of Finance said it will issue rules for contracting for these purposes in cooperation with the Local Content and Government Procurement Authority.
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Other changes involve contractors’ exposure to penalties. The maximum delay penalty on contracts, excluding supply contracts, will fall from 20% to 15% of contract value. The maximum penalty for non-performance in continuous-performance contracts will also fall from 20% to 15%.
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GCC reviews first phase of water interconnection study17 August 2026
The GCC General Secretariat has completed the first phase of a study examining the feasibility of developing water interconnection projects between GCC member states.
A two-day workshop reviewing the study’s findings concluded on 12 August at the headquarters of the GCC Interconnection Authority (GCCIA) in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
The GCC General Secretariat organised the workshop in cooperation with GCCIA, with representatives from relevant authorities and experts in water, infrastructure and water security taking part.
Participants reviewed the first phase findings, including an assessment of existing water supply infrastructure and the actual water needs of GCC member states. They also discussed the technical requirements and data needed to complete the study.
The study is intended to identify practical options and feasible solutions for developing a regional water interconnection network. This includes establishing an implementation roadmap.
The initiative aims to improve the GCC states’ ability to respond to emergencies and crises and support continuity of water supplies.
First meeting
The workshop followed a virtual meeting on 22 July between the GCC General Secretariat and Saudi Arabia’s water authorities as part of the study.
That meeting, which also involved consultancy Artelia, reviewed the study’s methodology and implementation stages. These include assessing existing water systems across GCC states, their resilience and emergency readiness, and developing technical options for bilateral water interconnection projects.
In Saudi Arabia, the study is focused primarily on the Eastern Province and Riyadh. It is assessing water production and desalination facilities, transmission pipelines, strategic reservoirs, pumping stations and existing and planned projects.
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The 22 July meeting also discussed potential connection points and routes, water flow directions and the possibility of designing interconnection pipelines to operate in both directions.
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Neom’s next phase is crucial to green hydrogen pipeline17 August 2026
Commentary
Mark Dowdall
Power & water editorThe completion of construction at Neom Green Hydrogen comes at an important point for Saudi Arabia’s wider hydrogen ambitions.
The project has already shown that a large green hydrogen scheme can secure financing by reaching financial close in 2023 with long-term offtake from Air Products.
With the facility now moving into commissioning ahead of a targeted commercial operations date next year, Neom could soon give lenders and developers real evidence on the performance, costs and risks of a large-scale green hydrogen project.
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The project has brought in Germany’s EnBW as a co-developer and minority investor and Japan’s Itochu as a co-developer, investor and offtaker. Acwa is targeting production of 2.5 million tonnes a year of green ammonia from the hub.
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Five bid for King Salman Bay construction work17 August 2026

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PDO allows more time for Al-Ghubar field project prices17 August 2026

Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) has allowed contractors additional time to prepare commercial bids for a project to build a new facility to handle additional oil production from the Al-Ghubar field in the sultanate.
The Al-Ghubar field is located in the Ghaba Salt Basin at Qarn Alam, within majority state-owned PDO’s Block 6 concession area.
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Following receipt of the technical bids for the project in July, PDO granted contractors additional time – until 16 August – to submit commercial bids for the project, MEED recently reported.
The project operator has now extended the deadline for submitting commercial bids to 1 September, sources told MEED.
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PDO is the operator of the Block 6 hydrocarbons concession in Oman, which is the sultanate’s largest and most prolific concession. Situated onshore and covering an area of 75,119 square kilometres, Block 6 contains 202 oil fields and 43 gas fields, with PDO producing a total of approximately 680,000 barrels a day (b/d) of oil and condensates from those fields.
The Omani government holds a 60% stake in PDO through Energy Development Oman (EDO). The other shareholders are UK-based Shell (34%), France’s TotalEnergies (4%) and Thailand’s state-owned PTTEP (2%).
ALSO READ: PDO floats tender for major flare gas monetisation scheme
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