Iraq’s energy sector steadily expands
15 May 2023
MEED's latest coverage on Iraq's energy projects market includes:
> PIPELINE STOPPAGE: Turkiye yet to respond to Iraqi oil request
> CHEMICALS: Iraq continues technical studies for $8bn chemical project
> UPSTREAM DEVELOPERS: No place like Iraq for international oil firms
> OIL TRAINS: Key Iraq oil project units arriving in third quarter
> GAS: Iraq gas project on track for commissioning this year
> INVESTMENT: Total deal could lead to project boom in Iraq
> RUMAILA FIELD: BP and PetroChina prepare to award Iraq oil contract

Iraq's oil and gas projects market has steadily expanded over recent months, with the total value of the country's active oil, gas and chemical projects rising by nine per cent since the start of 2020.
As of 2 May 2023, Iraq’s active oil, gas and chemical projects were worth an estimated $143.9bn, up from $132.2bn on 7 January 2020, according to data collected by the regional project-tracking service MEED Projects.
Over the period, in nominal terms, the country’s energy project market expanded by $11.7bn, which is far larger than some of its regional competitors, but also lagging behind some key markets that are continuing to see a dramatic expansion in project activity.
In terms of energy project market expansion, Iraq has outperformed countries such as Algeria, Kuwait and Libya.
Countries that have performed far better than Iraq include Egypt, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
Over the period, energy project activity has surged in Saudi Arabia, which overtook Iraq to become the region’s largest market for hydrocarbon projects in mid-2022.
Since the start of January 2020, the total value of Saudi Arabia’s active oil, gas and chemical projects has increased by $61.3bn, rising from $112.7bn to $174.1bn.
Over the same period, the total value of Egypt’s active oil, gas and chemical projects sector has expanded by $46.6bn, according to MEED Projects, rising to $136.1bn.
Nations such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt have made ground on Iraq in terms of the size of their energy project markets, partly by taking advantage of Europe’s efforts to shift away from Russian energy imports.
They are also investing in hydrocarbon and chemical technologies that will likely see increased demand during the ongoing global energy transition, such as upstream gas production, the production of the precursors to plastics, and ammonia production.
Political uncertainty
While Iraq has seen its energy projects market steadily expand, it has missed out on the dramatic growth seen in Saudi Arabia and Egypt due to a range of factors.
A key factor that has hobbled Iraq’s expansion over recent years has been political instability and an inability to make critical policy decisions regarding the country’s economy.
In 2022, the caretaker government failed to pass a budget amid political wrangling. The interim parliament, which had limited access to funds, passed a $17bn emergency package called the Food Security and Development Bill, but was not mandated to make important decisions about major projects.
Multi-year budget
From a political perspective, there is reason to be more optimistic about Iraq’s ability to make future investment decisions due to the finalisation of a three-year budget law in March this year.
A draft budget of ID197.82tn ($152.17bn) was announced for 2023, with an agreed operational expenditure of ID150.27tn ($115.59bn), and an investment expenditure of ID47.55tn ($36.58bn).
The budget is drafted to allow it to be repeated in 2024 and 2025. It is the first time an Iraqi government has drafted a multi-year budget, having typically passed one-year budgets.
Ahead of the budget agreement, Iraq made a string of major project announcements. These include plans to revive the $8bn Nebras petrochemicals complex in Basra.
The multi-year budget should also allow for more strategic projects to pass over the coming months, allowing Iraq to adapt to changing market conditions, including the global energy transition and shifting dynamics in Europe and Asia.
Iraq has already signalled that it is looking to modernise its downstream oil sector, improving the complexity of existing refineries and building new facilities.
Gas projects
In terms of gas sector projects, progress will likely be made on existing projects to capture gas from oil fields that would otherwise be flared. More projects of this type could be announced shortly.
Iraq and its international partners are likely to prioritise these projects because they provide increased gas supplies and new revenue streams and have a positive environmental impact.
Iraq-Turkiye tensions
Although the political outlook is improved by the increased certainty regarding annual budgets, the country’s energy projects market could experience growing disruption over the coming months due to tensions between Iraq’s federal government, the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) and the government of Turkiye.
At the end of March, in the wake of a ruling by the International Chamber of Commerce Court of Arbitration last month, the oil export pipeline that extends from the north of Iraq to the Turkish port of Ceyhan was shut down.
The pipeline is a key export route for Iraq. When operating normally, it transports 400,000 barrels a day (b/d) from Iraqi Kurdistan and 70,000 b/d from the rest of Iraq.
On 4 April in Baghdad, Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed al-Sudani and the Prime Minister of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Masrour Barzani, signed a temporary agreement designed to restart oil exports from the north of the country.
Despite this, after more than a month, oil exports via the pipeline are yet to resume.
The lengthy stoppage and lack of clarity over when exports will recommence have cast a shadow across Iraq’s oil sector, forcing oil fields in the north of the country to seal wells and stop production and putting the future of planned upstream projects in doubt.
While there remains a cause for concern regarding political stability in Iraq, the fundamentals for the country’s oil and gas sector remain sound.
Iraq's state-owned oil companies and their international partners have shown in the past that they can negotiate difficult political and security situations, and the country will likely be able to continue to steadily grow its energy projects market over the months to follow.
MEED's June 2023 special report on Iraq includes:
> GOVERNMENT: Sudani makes fitful progress as Iraq's premier
> ECONOMY: Iraq hits the spend button
> POWER: Iraq power projects make headway
> UPSTREAM DEVELOPERS: No place like Iraq for international oil firms
> CHEMICALS: Iraq continues technical studies for $8bn chemical project
> SOLAR: Total continues 1GW Iraq solar talks
> TRANSPORT: Baghdad approves funds for metro and airport projects
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Haroon is a dual-qualified Chartered Quantity Surveyor (FRICS) and barrister with over 18 years of experience in the construction industry. He leads HKA’s Construction Claims and Expert Services Line across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, overseeing a team of more than 200 consultants with responsibility for strategy and delivering the growth plan. His practice focuses on the resolution of complex and high-value construction disputes. He has been appointed as a quantum expert and has delivered expert testimony in international arbitration and litigation, including in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Haroon is known for his ability to analyse, quantify, and communicate the financial aspects of construction claims with clarity and independence.https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16116602/main.gif -
Diriyah tenders media district north offices25 March 2026

Saudi gigaproject developer Diriyah Company has tendered a contract inviting firms to bid for the construction of offices in the media district in the second phase of the Diriyah Gate development (DG2).
The tender was released in March, with a bid submission deadline of 27 April.
The scope covers the construction of five office plots comprising nine buildings, spanning over 50,000 square metres (sq m).
The tender follows the Diriyah Company’s award of an estimated SR2.5bn ($666m) contract to build the Pendry superblock package in the DG2 area.
The Pendry superblock encompasses the construction of a hotel, known as the Pendry Hotel, along with residential and commercial assets.
The project will cover an area of 75,365 sq m and is located in the northwestern district of the DG2 area.
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Trojena terminates Ski Village steel structure contract25 March 2026
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Ashghal tenders more infrastructure contracts25 March 2026

Qatar’s Public Works Authority (Ashghal) has issued two tenders covering infrastructure development in the northern section of the New Industrial Area and the Wadi Al-Banat area.
Ashghal issued the tender for consultancy services for the design of roads and infrastructure in the northern part of the New Industrial Area on 16 March. The bid submission deadline is 26 April.
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The project also requires a masterplan study for surface-water and groundwater drainage covering an area of about 2,743 hectares.
The second tender covers the construction of roads and infrastructure in the Wadi Al-Banat area (Zone 70).
The tender was issued on 16 March, with a bid submission deadline of 12 May.
The scope includes the development of about 25 kilometres of roads.
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War likely to boost oil and gas activity in North Africa25 March 2026

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The US and Israel’s ongoing war with Iran is likely to boost oil and gas project activity in North Africa, as the high-price environment encourages the region’s national oil companies to push ahead with projects that will allow them to increase exports.
In recent weeks, international oil and gas prices have stayed consistently far higher than levels seen before the US and Israel launched their attack on Iran on 28 February, killing Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei.
For the past two weeks, the price of Brent crude has remained above $90 a barrel and has hit a high of more than $109.
Similarly, the Dutch TTF natural gas benchmark has stayed above €45 per megawatt hour and hit a high of more than €62, up from €31 prior to the 28 February attack.
Gulf disruption
Over the same period, the long-term outlook for oil and gas exports from the GCC and Iraq has dimmed significantly as disruption to transport through the Strait of Hormuz has continued and damage to key regional oil and gas infrastructure has increased.
Damage to infrastructure has included attacks on oil and gas fields, as well as strikes on oil refineries, storage facilities and gas processing plants.
This damage means that even if the disruption to the transport of oil and gas via the strait ends quickly, the war will have a long-term impact on oil and gas production and exports in the GCC and Iraq.
On 18 March, Saad Sherida Al-Kaabi, QatarEnergy’s CEO and minister of state for energy affairs, said Iranian strikes on Ras Laffan Industrial City – home to the world’s largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) production and export facility – had knocked out about 17% of its LNG export capacity.
He said the attacks were expected to cause an estimated $20bn in lost annual revenue and that repairs could take three to five years to complete.
In Bahrain, the Sitra oil refinery, which has a throughput capacity of 405,000 barrels a day (b/d), has been attacked and damaged, leading Bapco to declare force majeure.
Strikes also hit the Ras Tanura refinery in Saudi Arabia, as well as the Habshan gas processing complex in the UAE.
North Africa
The high-price environment and the long-term impact of the ongoing conflict represent an opportunity for North Africa’s oil-producing nations, especially the region’s biggest oil and gas exporters: Algeria and Libya.
Higher prices will dramatically increase government revenues for these countries, giving them more capacity to invest in infrastructure projects, while also providing a significant financial incentive to boost production in the short term.
Both Algeria and Libya are close to European markets that have relied on oil and gas from the GCC and Iraq, and neither country relies on the Strait of Hormuz to transport exports.
The two countries also appear to be seeking to accelerate oil and gas projects at a time of heightened demand from energy-importing nations to secure reliable supplies.
Libya push
Earlier this month, MEED revealed that talks were under way at Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) to potentially launch a new licensing round to award some of the unawarded exploration blocks from the 2025 licensing round.
In the downstream sector, Libya also seems to be pushing to progress projects.
Recently, US-based KBR was awarded a contract by Zallaf Exploration, Production & Refining of Oil & Gas Company to provide project management and technical services for the South Refinery Project in Libya’s southern city of Ubari.
Algeria drive
Algeria is also advancing projects in the country’s oil and gas sector.
On 8 March, Algeria’s president signed a decree ratifying the development agreement for a $5.4bn oil and gas project in the country’s Illizi South block.
The decree approved a contract signed in Algiers on 13 October 2025 between Algeria’s national oil and gas company Sonatrach and Saudi Arabia’s Midad Energy North Africa.
The contract granted both companies the rights to explore and exploit hydrocarbons in the Illizi South area.
The total investment of about $5.4bn will be fully financed by Midad Energy, including approximately $288m allocated to the exploration phase.
Amid disruption to global LNG supplies from Qatar, Italy and Spain are currently in talks with Algeria in an effort to secure increased LNG shipments from the North African country.
Algeria’s prime minister has also received requests from Asian countries, including Vietnam, seeking to secure both gas and oil shipments.
It is unclear how much spare capacity Algeria has to supply LNG to new customers, as much of the country’s production is sold in advance under long-term supply agreements.
However, current market conditions are still expected to increase the country’s revenues significantly, as Algiers is likely to be able to command much higher prices in any new agreements.
While the ongoing war is expected to deepen the crisis for many companies operating in the GCC and Iraq oil and gas sector, the opposite could be true for companies established in Libya and Algeria.
Although in recent years these two countries have been viewed as having more challenging business environments than the UAE or Saudi Arabia, companies that have invested in building positions in North Africa’s oil- and gas-exporting states could be well placed to make windfall profits.
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