UAE begins massive reverse osmosis buildup
11 April 2023
This package on the UAE's water sector also includes:
> Dewa extends Hassyan IWP bid deadline
> Adnoc resumes Project Wave negotiations
> Sharjah issues first independent water tender
> Ewec rules out solar in desalination projects
> French/local team wins contract to build Mirfa 2 IWP
> Adnoc selects Cobra-led team for PPP project
State utilities in the UAE are seeking to increase the share of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology in the overall capacity of their desalination plants in line with their carbon emission reduction targets and the UAE’s net-zero by 2050 goal.
This will end the domination of water production capacity by thermal desalination plants over the past decades.
The demand for additional SWRO capacity is especially evident in Abu Dhabi, where nearly half of the existing water desalination capacity will come out of contract between 2025 and 2029.
The power- and water-purchase agreements (P/WPA) for four major utility plants in Abu Dhabi, with a total combined water desalination capacity of 441 million imperial gallons a day (MIGD), will expire during this period.
Unlike the thermal power plant components of these independent water and power projects (IWPPs), which are subject to extension negotiations, the state utility Emirates Water & Electricity Company (Ewec) is inclined to dismantle all thermal desalination plants associated with these assets – or convert them into SWRO plants – upon the expiry of their contracts. This strategy aligns with its goal to halve its carbon emissions.
Over the next two to four years, Ewec envisages putting 290MIGD of SWRO capacity in place. This is in addition to the Taweelah SWRO plant’s remaining 100MIGD of capacity that is yet to enter commercial operation. Once this plant is at full capacity, it will plug in the capacity from Taweelah A2, the emirate’s first thermal IWPP, which was mothballed in 2021.
Recent SWRO projects in Abu Dhabi include the 120MIGD Mirfa 2 independent water producer (IWP) project, which France’s Engie is developing; the 70MIGD Shuweihat 4 IWPHudayriat and Saadiyat islands, which will each have a capacity of 50MIGD.
RELATED READ: Mirfa 2 award sends positive market signal
Both Mirfa 2 and Shuweihat 4 have a target commercial operation date of 2025, while the two Abu Dhabi Islands IWP projects are expected to provide replacement capacity for the Sas al-Nakhl plant, whose contract expires in 2027.
Longer term, Ewec will need to procure 494MIGD of SWRO capacity by 2036, under the base-case scenario of its 2023-29 Statement of Future Capacity Requirements.
Demand fluctuations
Demand for desalinated water in Abu Dhabi over the short term is anticipated to decrease from just under 800MIGD in 2022 to 764MIGD this year. This is due to reduced exports to Etihad Water & Electricity (Ewe), which is commissioning its first 150MIGD IWP in Umm al-Quwain.
Demand is expected to grow slowly between 2023 and 2029, when it is projected to reach 805MIGD. This is just slightly higher than in 2022, primarily due to recycled water replacing desalinated water as the dominant irrigation supply source.
In Dubai, the procurement process is under way for the 120MIGD Hassyan IWP. The contract for the emirate’s first IWP was tendered before and awarded in 2020, but the project stalled and Dewa relaunched the tender in 2022.
Four teams led by Engie, Saudi Arabia’s Acwa Power, Spain/South Korea’s GS Inima and Metito are understood to be among those qualified to bid for the contract.
The project has a planned capacity of 120MIGD, with an alternative proposal for an aggregate capacity of 180MIGD. Dewa expects to commission it in phases between 2025 and 2026.
The facility is part of Dewa’s plan to increase its water desalination production capacity from 490MIGD to 750MIGD by 2030. By this time, it envisages RO to account for 41 per cent of its overall desalination capacity, in support of Dubai’s 2050 Clean Energy Strategy.
Northern emirates
As previously stated, the Northern Emirates’ first 150MIGD IWP in Umm al-Quwain is undergoing commissioning. This frees up capacity for Abu Dhabi, which has been exporting both water and electricity to the smaller northern UAE emirates.
In early April, Sharjah Electricity & Water Authority also issued the request for proposals for the contract to develop Sharjah’s first IWP. Located next to an existing desalination plant in Hamriyah, the planned IWP will have a capacity of 90MIGD.
UAE power sector shapes up ahead of Cop28
Other projects
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company is evaluating proposals received earlier this year for a contract to design and build a treated sewage effluent (TSE) polishing plant in Al-Wathba.
The plant is expected to have a design capacity of 700,000 cubic metres a day (cm/d), with the potential to expand this capacity to 950,000 cm/d in a subsequent phase. The TSE facility will produce water for higher-end applications than the TSE produced at standard sewage treatment plants.
The largest individual projects within the sector are the two seawater treatment plants, frequently called Project Wave, being procured by Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc).
The Mirfa and Al-Nouf nanofiltration plants and their associated utilities have budgets of between $2bn and $2.5bn each. The Mirfa package is in the advanced procurement stage, with negotiations continuing between Adnoc and the shortlisted bidders as this article is published.
This month's special report on the UAE also includes:
> UAE power sector shapes up ahead of Cop28
> Strategic Adnoc projects register notable progress
> UAE lenders chart a route to growth
Exclusive from Meed
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Middle East drives electric vehicle revolution18 December 2025
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Key technology themes poised to shape 202618 December 2025
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Binghatti launches new Mercedes-Benz-branded residential project17 December 2025
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Tabreed finishes the year on a high17 December 2025
-
Kuwait Oil Company seeks higher project budgets17 December 2025
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The transition is not without its challenges. The Middle East faces significant hurdles in terms of infrastructure development and consumer acceptance.
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Key technology themes poised to shape 202618 December 2025

The technological landscape in 2026 is poised for transformative shifts that promise to redefine industries and reshape societal norms.
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Anticipated advances
The IoT is set to become an even more integral part of our daily lives, with the market expected to surpass $1.4tn by 2026. This growth is driven by advancements in wireless technologies, such as 5G and satellite networks, which will enhance connectivity and enable IoT devices to operate in remote locations.
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Binghatti launches new Mercedes-Benz-branded residential project17 December 2025
Dubai-based real estate firm Binghatti Developers has announced the launch of a new Mercedes-Benz-branded multi-tower residential development in Dubai.
The developer said the total cost of the project is about AED30bn ($8bn).
The project, named Mercedes-Benz Places Dubai, will span an area of about 10 million square feet.
No further details about the features of the project or its construction timelines were disclosed.
The development will be located within Binghatti’s first masterplanned community in the Meydan area of Dubai.
In May, Binghatti announced that it had acquired freehold land in Meydan for what would be the company’s first large-scale, masterplanned residential community in Dubai.
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In January, Binghatti unveiled the Mercedes-Benz Places by Binghatti project in Downtown Dubai.
The 65-storey Mercedes-Benz Places by Binghatti is expected to blend the brand’s heritage with architectural design.
At 341 metres, the building will house 150 residences, ranging from two- to four-bedroom units, including five penthouses.
In its statement, Binghatti says it has a current portfolio valued at about AED80bn. This includes over 38,000 units under development across 38 projects in areas such as Downtown, Business Bay, Jumeirah Village Circle and Meydan, as well as flagship branded residences developed in collaboration with luxury partners Bugatti, Mercedes-Benz and Jacob & Co.
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Tabreed finishes the year on a high17 December 2025

Tabreed is consolidating its position as a leading regional district cooling provider following a series of major transactions and new concessions that will reshape its portfolio in the UAE and beyond.
In 2025, the company completed the AED3.87bn ($1bn) acquisition of PAL Cooling Holding (PCH) in consortium with CVC DIF, and finalised the long-term district cooling concession for Palm Jebel Ali in Dubai as part of a joint venture (JV) with Dubai Holding Investments.
The PCH deal will eventually add about 600,000 refrigeration tons (RT) of capacity across eight long-term concessions in Abu Dhabi, raising Tabreed’s total connected capacity by 13% to 1.55 million RT. The AED1.5bn Palm Jebel Ali JV will ultimately deliver a further 250,000RT.Speaking to MEED, Tabreed CEO Khalid Al-Marzooqi outlined how the company is integrating the newly acquired brownfield assets, developing greenfield projects and advancing a new generation of sustainable cooling solutions, including geothermal energy for data centres.
Tabreed’s recent milestones span both greenfield and brownfield investments, each requiring a different approach, says Al-Marzooqi.
Greenfield projects, such as Palm Jebel Ali, remain Tabreed’s preferred route for new capacity, he adds. “The beauty of a greenfield is that you can optimise it the way you want. You build it as you want.”
For new plants, Tabreed designs the civil structure to accommodate long-term capacity, while phasing in mechanical equipment in line with demand. By contrast, the acquisition of PCH is a large-scale brownfield integration, bringing in a portfolio of existing and future plants and networks, mainly on Abu Dhabi’s main island and Reem Island.
The immediate focus is on integration and driving network synergies. “That’s the beauty of district cooling. If you achieve the synergies, the benefits literally double up and triple up as well,” Al-Marzooqi says.
By interconnecting plants, Tabreed can avoid building for peak capacity at each individual site and instead leverage shared spare capacity across the network.
Growth strategy
Acquiring a competitor in Abu Dhabi is part of a strategy to sustain growth in a sector where many contracts follow build-own-operate-transfer or similarly time-bound models.
Organic growth via new concessions and inorganic growth via acquisitions are both seen as key to maintaining and expanding the asset base.
Tabreed’s portfolio remains weighted towards the UAE, with the home market accounting for the bulk of its business.
Beyond the UAE, Tabreed has built a regional presence, with a partially owned business in Saudi Arabia, where it sees significant growth potential as district cooling is integrated into gigaprojects and major urban developments; a wholly owned operation in Bahrain; and a majority stake in Tabreed Oman, a market that Al-Marzooqi says is expanding well.
Despite the energy and lifecycle cost benefits of district cooling, Al-Marzooqi says tariff subsidies on conventional, building-level cooling are a barrier to adoption in parts of the UAE.
“The killer for us is subsidy,” he says, explaining that artificially low tariffs for individual customers make it harder for district cooling to compete on price in Abu Dhabi compared to Dubai.
He says that policy support and regulatory mandates are needed, particularly as existing buildings approach the end of life for their standalone cooling systems. At that point, compulsory connection to district cooling could lock in significant energy savings and emissions reductions at city scale.
Raising Abu Dhabi’s district cooling penetration from about 15% towards Dubai’s estimated 30% remains a key concern and strategic objective.
In Abu Dhabi, Tabreed has developed … the Middle East’s first geothermal-powered district cooling plant
Geothermal breakthrough
Alongside portfolio growth, Tabreed is investing in new technologies to decarbonise cooling, with a focus on large campuses, major developments and, increasingly, data centres.
At Masdar City in Abu Dhabi, Tabreed has developed what Al-Marzooqi describes as the Middle East’s first geothermal-powered district cooling plant.
“We have started off by building the region’s first geothermal plant, to prove the concept of using geothermal energy to provide cooling,” he says.
The pilot plant is already achieving efficiency levels in the range of 0.5-0.6 kilowatts per ton (kW/ton) of cooling, better than Tabreed’s typical district cooling benchmark of about 0.85kW/ton. Conventional, standalone cooling systems generally consume about twice as much energy per ton.
“This is proof that if you really want to pursue a sustainable cooling solution for data centres in this area, this is the one,” he says.
Data centres are emerging as a priority growth segment for Tabreed. The facilities have high, continuous cooling loads and increasingly stringent decarbonisation requirements, making them a natural fit with both district cooling and geothermal systems.
Al-Marzooqi says geothermal cooling is a “godsend solution” for data centres, combining 24/7 availability with the potential for near-zero operational emissions.
For hyperscale and colocation data centre operators facing mounting pressure to reduce their carbon footprint, geothermal district cooling could offer a differentiated, long-term solution in the Gulf region, particularly where grid power is still largely fossil-fuel based.
Tabreed’s technology agenda is not limited to low-carbon generation. The utility is in the second phase of connecting its plants to a centralised digital control centre, enabling remote operation and optimisation.
The long-term goal is for the majority of plants to be unmanned, with operations centrally monitored and controlled. This integrated view of the network will enable the application of artificial intelligence and advanced analytics to fine-tune performance, optimise energy use and predict maintenance requirements.
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Kuwait Oil Company seeks higher project budgets17 December 2025

Contractors in Kuwait expect to have answers by the end of the year on whether budgets for several key upstream projects in the oil and gas sector will be increased, according to industry sources.
State-owned upstream operator Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is seeking approvals for at least three upstream projects, for which bids came in significantly over budget.
The first project, with a low bid of $2.47bn, involves the development of two facilities: Separation Gathering Centre 1 (SGC-1) and Water Injection Plant 1 (WIP-1).
The second project, with a low bid of $2.48bn, focuses on developing SGC‑3 and WIP‑3.
The third project, which involves developing effluent water disposal plants for injector wells, had a low bid of $1.3bn.
For KOC to increase the budgets for all three projects, approvals will be required from Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) and the country’s Ministry of Finance.
Already cancelled
One Kuwaiti oil project tender that received bids significantly above budget has already been cancelled.
On 7 October, MEED reported that the tender for the SGC-2 oil project – focused on the installation of a separation gathering centre – was cancelled by Kuwait’s Central Agency for Public Tenders.
Earlier this year, UK-based Petrofac had submitted a bid more than double the project’s proposed budget.
Petrofac’s bid was KD422.45m ($1.37bn), while the provisional budget stood at KD207m ($670.2m).
This contract is expected to be retendered, but there is significant uncertainty about when a new invitation to bid will be issued and how the scope may change.
Earlier in December, MEED reported that KOC was discussing whether to retender the contract using a different contract model.
Initially, the project was tendered using the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract model.
Discussions are ongoing on whether it will be relaunched under a build-own-operate (BOO) contract model.
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