UAE aviation returns to growth
12 October 2023
More news from the UAE’s transport sector:
> Contractors start building Abu Dhabi light rail
> Sharjah airport award expected by the end of 2023
> Turkish firm wins $187.5m Dubai road upgrade
> Emirates and Shell Aviation sign sustainable fuel deal
> Abu Dhabi tenders Mid Island Parkway packages
> Abu Dhabi to open Midfield Terminal in November

Three years after their operations stopped during the Covid-19 pandemic, the UAE’s airports are again in expansionary mode.
Globally, aviation is returning to pre-pandemic levels. The International Air Transport Association (Iata) reported that traffic during August stood at 95.7 per cent of pre-Covid-19 levels based on revenue passenger kilometres.
Middle Eastern airlines performed particularly well. They posted a 27.3 per cent increase in August traffic compared to a year ago.
With Dubai International, Abu Dhabi International and Sharjah International airports serving as hubs for Emirates, Etihad and Air Arabia, the rebound in international travel has positively impacted passenger statistics.
At Dubai International airport, the world’s busiest international hub, passenger traffic for the first half of the year surpassed 2019 levels. It handled 41.6 million passengers in the first six months of the year, slightly more than the figure recorded during the first half of 2019.
Dubai International’s top city destination was London with 1.7 million passengers, followed by Mumbai and Riyadh, with 1.2 million each.
The strong performance during the first half of the year means Dubai Airports, which operates Dubai International, now expects 85 million passengers to be handled by the airport by the end of this year – just 1.6 per cent lower than its annual traffic in 2019.
Like Dubai International, Abu Dhabi International airport reported solid figures for the first half of this year. Passenger traffic grew to 10.2 million travellers, an increase of 67 per cent on the 6.1 million passengers handled during the same period last year.
The cities with the highest passenger traffic included Mumbai with 461,081 customers, London with 374,017, Delhi with 331,722, Kochi with 316,460 and Doha with 261,117.
Sharjah International airport’s passenger numbers also increased during the first half of 2023. It received over 7 million passengers in the first half of the year, an increase of 24 per cent compared to the same period last year.
Airport projects
The rebound in air travel supports the business case for airport projects in the UAE after several years of relative inactivity.
According to regional projects tracker MEED Projects, there have been $340m of airport-related construction projects over the past five years, a significant drop from the more than $2bn registered for the previous five-year period.
In Dubai, plans are being considered for restarting the AED120bn ($33bn) expansion of Al-Maktoum International airport.
Located in the Jebel Ali area close to the Abu Dhabi border, the facility is Dubai’s second airport. It began operations in 2010 and has long been planned to ultimately replace Dubai International as the emirate’s primary airport.
The expansion of Al-Maktoum International airport, also known as Dubai World Central (DWC), was officially launched in 2014. It involves building the biggest airport in the world by 2050, with the capacity to handle 255 million passengers a year.
An initial phase, which was due to be completed in 2030, will take the airport’s capacity to 130 million passengers a year. Altogether, the development will cover an area of 56 square kilometres.
Progress on the project slipped as the region grappled with the impact of lower oil prices and Dubai focused on developing the Expo 2020 site. Tendering for work on the project then stalled with the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020.
Al-Maktoum airport is needed because Dubai International is unable to be expanded significantly. One of the key future challenges is runway capacity. It only has two runways, and with built-up urban areas on either side of the airport, there is no available land to build new runways on.
Another driver for the project is regional competition. Dubai International is the region’s largest airport, and Emirates is the region’s largest airline. Plans in Saudi Arabia now challenge that position.
At the end of last year, the kingdom launched the masterplan for King Salman International airport in Riyadh, which aims to accommodate up to 120 million passengers by 2030 and 185 million by 2050. Earlier this year, it launched a new airline known as Riyadh Air.
Midfield terminal
Abu Dhabi International airport is at a different stage of development. In August, Abu Dhabi Airports announced that the Midfield Terminal building would begin operations in early November 2023.
Now known as Terminal A, the project will transform operations at the airport. It has 742,000 square metres of built-up area and can handle 45 million passengers a year, process 11,000 travellers an hour and operate 79 aircraft at any given time.
The project has been under construction for over a decade and has faced multiple delays.
In 2021, Abu Dhabi Airports terminated its contract with the joint venture of Turkey’s TAV, Lebanon’s Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC) and the local Arabtec Construction for the construction.
The joint venture was awarded the AED10.55bn contract to build the Midfield Terminal building in June 2012, and sources in the market say the final contract value is closer to AED20bn.
Local contractor Trojan managed the remainder of the works for the project.
An expansion of Sharjah International airport, meanwhile, is planned to increase its capacity from eight to 20 million passengers a year. Sharjah Civil Aviation Authority is expected to award the estimated AED2.5bn main construction works package by the end of this year.
The investments planned for the UAE’s airports and rising traffic volumes mean the country will remain an important aviation hub in the future.
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Diriyah Company tendered the contract in November last year, with submissions due in January, as MEED reported.
Diriyah Company Group CEO Jerry Inzerillo said: “We are delighted to announce this latest major construction contract for the Waldorf Astoria superblock as we continue to progress at pace across the Diriyah development area. The Waldorf Astoria will be a world-class addition to our growing portfolio of globally renowned hospitality brands, further strengthening Diriyah’s appeal as a globally significant destination that offers world-class hospitality and lifestyle experiences.
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The Pendry superblock includes the construction of the Pendry Hotel alongside residential and commercial assets. The package will cover 75,365 square metres and is located in the northwestern district of the DG2 area.
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UAE moves to clear the path for recovery17 June 2026
Commentary
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EditorMore than three months after the conflict began to disrupt business across the Gulf, the UAE is moving to resolve the technical challenges that the economy faces as it shifts towards recovery.
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Libya signs three oil deals after licensing round17 June 2026
Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) has signed three production-sharing agreements with several international energy companies following the country’s first licensing round in nearly two decades.
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US–Iran deal sets Hormuz road map17 June 2026
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The US-Iran agreement, declared complete on 14 June, reopens the Strait of Hormuz, lifts the US naval blockade and ends a war that has closed the Gulf’s export artery since 28 February. The strait reopens at Friday’s signing on paper, but the recovery will take months.
US President Donald Trump announced the deal on Truth Social, authorising the "toll-free opening" of the strait and the immediate removal of the blockade, with formal signing set for Geneva on 19 June – with vice-president JD Vance to sign for Washington and parliamentary speaker Mohammad Baqer Ghalibaf for Tehran in the highest-level US-Iran meeting since 1979.
Iran’s deputy foreign minister Kazem Gharibabadi confirmed the text was finalised but said Tehran would not implement it until signing, with the strait staying closed in the interim.
Signing versus substance
The signing on 19 June is merely the starting line that will set in motion a partial reopening to traffic alongside a clearance operation to remove the mines laid by Tehran across key sections of the strait.
The memorandum gives Iranian forces 30 days from signing to clear the strait of mines. At the same time, the Pentagon’s estimates appear to suggest that a full minesweeping could take up to six months, even with three dedicated vessels in the region.
Such gaps – here a 30-day treaty obligation against a six-month operational reality – have become the running feature of the bilateral negotiations, which have been framed by mutual distrust and plagued by an absence of granular detail.
The deal is welcome for the region despite its uncertainty. Behind the mines sits a tanker backlog built over more than 100 days, and Gulf producers that throttled back production and need time and assurances to restore flow.
Before the war, roughly 100 ships transited daily; Kpler now projects around 40 a day could sail within the first month, but with an estimated 300 loaded vessels stranded on either side of the strait, and 250 more sitting empty and idle in the Gulf, it is a pressure release valve, not an immediate restoration of flow.
A total restoration of oil and trade flows is unlikely to come into view before the year’s end.
Insurance represents the second brake, with war-risk premiums standing at 1-4% of vessel value per transit, or about $8m for a $200m tanker – against less than 0.1% before the war.
Shipping associations are no less cautious, with the Baltic and International Maritime Council calling for verified mine-free routes before volume traffic resumes.
Insurance underwriters are likewise unlikely to relent on prices until clearance is confirmed.
Conditional relief
Markets have already traded the sentiment, however. Brent settled at $87.33 on 13 June – an eight-week low – and have fallen further as the deal has firmed. As of early morning trading on 16 June, the first full day of trading after the Islamic New Year, Brent was down at $78.
Yet the relief remains highly conditional: a 60-day nuclear negotiation now follows the signing, and a breakdown in either this, passage through the strait or peace in Lebanon could return the strait to crisis.
The US-touted toll-free terminology is also narrower than billed, with the Iranians instead affirming a 60-day grace period for fees but not eliminating the possibility of “fees” for navigation, environmental and insurance services after that point.
The distinction is legal, not rhetorical, with international maritime law barring tolls on passage through natural straits but permitting the imposition of service fees on vessels passing through territorial waters.
It is through this terminology that Iran is now consistently framing its plans to charge fees from passing vessels through the office of its Persian Gulf Strait Authority – established 5 May and since sanctioned by the US Treasury.
For the Gulf, a 60-day waiver that resolves into an Iranian (and possibly joint Omani) fee regime is a pause in Iran’s tollgate economy, not its end – and would represent a strategic concession for the US, the Gulf and the globe.
Levant entanglement
Lebanon is another conditional space that the deal cannot fully escape, with a flare-up on that front being the final potential trigger that could collapse the 60-day agreement.
Iran has explicitly tied a ceasefire in Lebanon to the resolution of transit in the strait, but Israel does not agree with this, and the linkage may have inadvertently handed Tel Aviv the exact tool it needs to disrupt the US–Iran ceasefire – through the simple of continuing a conflict that it already wants to continue.
Within a day of the deal, Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz said the IDF would stay in southern Lebanon “without any time limit”, with US officials corroborating that Israeli withdrawal was never a condition of a deal.
On the ground, the ceasefire is already looking frail, with post-deal fire straying in both directions and already endangering the regional calm and Hormuz reopening the Gulf is already pricing.
For Gulf producers and shippers, the distinction and in some cases friction between what the deal declares and what it actually delivers remains a cause for uncertainty.
A declaration is easy, but the delivery requires nuclear negotiation, mine-clearance verification, insurance repricing and a 60-day political test before barrels can again move at volume.
Trump, who has been frustrated for months with the slow progress on Iran from a US perspective, is also more than likely to be distracted by other concerns on a timeline shorter than 60 days – risking the political will to peace coming up short.
In the Gulf, whether Saudi Arabia and the UAE send cabinet-level representatives to Geneva on Friday will signal whether the region’s political leaders are willing to wield the political capital necessary to keep the US on track and pursue the ceasefire to fruition.
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