meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Traffic drives construction underground

3 April 2025

 

On 14 February, Dubai construction was thrust again onto the global stage when Elon Musk, the world’s richest man, announced plans to explore the development of an underground Dubai Loop transportation system, along the lines of the Las Vegas Convention Centre Loop project in the US.

Dubai has typically made headlines globally by constructing the world’s tallest towers. As the city becomes increasingly congested on the surface, it is taking some of its largest construction projects underground.

With Musk’s backing, the Dubai Loop scheme is the most high-profile tunnelling project launched to date. It involves carving a futuristic transport system underneath Dubai. The initial phase of the project is currently being studied by Dubai’s Roads & Transport Authority (RTA) in partnership with The Boring Company, which is owned by Musk. It will cover 17 kilometres (km) and have 11 stations, with the capacity to transport over 20,000 passengers an hour.

The project highlights the importance of expanding underground infrastructure in the Middle East region. This is mostly necessitated by the pressure that rapidly growing cities have put on existing transport and utility networks, particularly in major urban centres such as Dubai, Riyadh and Doha.

Underground opportunities

Projects that involve tunnelling, such as metro rail systems, underground highways and pedestrian walkways, are deemed key enablers in reducing congestion and optimising land use.

The recently completed metro systems in Riyadh and Doha are examples of how underground rail networks can facilitate efficient urban mobility, and more such schemes are planned. 

Without these subterranean projects, cities risk being stuck in a permanent state of gridlock, with longer commute times and decreased productivity. At the same time, tunnelling allows urban planners to integrate sustainable transport solutions, as well as large-scale utilities networks, without disturbing existing cityscapes, thereby enhancing connectivity and economic growth.

These developments signal a major shift in engineering priorities, with regional governments investing in underground transport, sewerage and metro extensions to accommodate their growing populations and infrastructure needs.

While the tower crane-dotted skylines of urban centres in the GCC attract attention, delivering major projects underground is an equally impressive engineering feat. Tunnelling under busy cities requires advanced excavation techniques, careful planning and coordination to avoid disruptions.

More tunnelling work is expected as Dubai takes another significant step forward in tackling its ongoing traffic problems [with] a new metro link

UAE tunnelling projects

Tunnelling work forms a significant portion of the Dubai Metro Blue Line extension. Awarded in December for AED20.5bn ($5.5bn), the project includes 15.5km of underground track and five subterranean stations. When operational in 2029, the Blue Line will significantly expand Dubai’s metro capacity, linking major residential and commercial hubs.

More tunnelling work is expected as Dubai takes another significant step forward in tackling its ongoing traffic problems by starting the procurement process for its next metro link: the Gold Line.

Although the technical details of the project have yet to be revealed, it is expected that tunnels will form a major component of the scheme given that the new line will run through busy urban areas where there is little space to build overground. 

The Gold Line will start at Al-Ghubaiba in Bur Dubai. It will run parallel to – and alleviate pressure on – the existing Red Line, before heading inland to Business Bay, Meydan, Global Village and residential developments in Dubailand.

As a first step, the RTA has sent a request for proposals to companies for the lead consultancy role on the multibillion-dollar project.

The UAE’s Etihad Rail also began a study of the tunnels required for the high-speed railway line connecting Abu Dhabi and Dubai in January. The survey works are ongoing on the Jaddaf and Dusup tunnels that will serve the high-speed rail link. Initial plans for the project include tunnelling works totalling 31km.

Another major tunnelling project in the UAE is the $22bn Dubai Strategic Sewerage Tunnels scheme. The client, Dubai Municipality, is preparing to tender its first packages, which include deep tunnels that will stretch 42km in Jebel Ali and 16km in Warsan.

The project will be delivered under a public-private partnership model, with international consortiums competing for contracts. Once completed, these tunnels will replace the traditional wastewater network, reducing energy consumption and enhancing long-term sustainability.

Saudi schemes

In Saudi Arabia, Riyadh is preparing to expand its metro network with the addition of a Line 7 and an extension to the existing Line 2.

The total length of Line 7 will be about 65km, of which 47km will be underground. The line will have 19 stations, 14 of which will be underground.

The project involves constructing a metro line linking the Qiddiya entertainment city development, King Abdullah International Gardens, King Salman Park, Misk City and Diriyah Gate. 

In March, the Royal Commission for Riyadh City (RCRC) gave consortiums until 15 June to submit their bids for a design-and-build contract for the construction of Line 7.

The planned Line 2 extension is 8.4km long, of which 7.1km is underground, and three out of its five stations will be built underground. The RCRC is expected to award the construction contract this year.

In January, the kingdom also completed the phased roll-out of the Riyadh Metro network. The current network comprises six lines spanning about 176km, of which 74km is constructed underground.

These numbers indicate that over 42% of the overall network is underground, highlighting the growing importance of tunnels in the kingdom’s plans to improve infrastructure in its most densely populated cities.

Tunnelling works are also a key component of the plans to improve the stormwater drainage system in Jeddah, where the municipality is preparing for the construction of the King Abdullah Road-Falasteen Road tunnel.

The three-year scheme involves constructing 5.3km of tunnels with an internal diameter of 7.2 metres using tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and another 3.4km of tunnels with a diameter of 3.5 metres driven by pipe jacking or TBMs.

At the kingdom’s Neom gigaproject, city planners are looking to find solutions to many of the problems faced in existing cities and, as a result, tunnels and large-scale underground utilities corridors are being built at the beginning of the project. For example, the development’s Delta Junction tunnels will serve as a railway junction connecting the Spine infrastructure corridor with the Neom Connector rail link to the Oxagon industrial zone. 

The project involves 26.5km of tunnelling work that will be split into a north and a south lot. The construction works are expected to begin this year as the client is evaluating the revised proposals submitted by firms in November last year.

Kuwait Metro will feature extensive tunnelling … ensuring minimal disruption to existing roads while integrating with future transport networks

Further tunnel projects

Beyond the Gulf, Egypt has a long history of tunnelling projects, as it has had to deal with crippling congestion and urban overcrowding for decades. In the 1980s, work was completed on two major projects that involved tunnelling: the first phase of the Cairo Metro system and the Greater Cairo wastewater project, which involved the construction of sewage tunnels on the east and west banks of the Nile. 

Today, Cairo’s tunnelling projects include the Cairo Metro Line 4 project. Spanning 42km with 39 stations, it involves over 20km of tunnels.

Meanwhile, in Morocco, national railway operator L’Office National des Chemins de Fer (ONCF) is constructing a tunnel project in Rabat.

In February, ONCF announced a 3.3km tunnel to be constructed under the Bou Regreg river at an estimated cost of MD1.4bn ($140m). The tunnel will connect the Sale and Agdal stations in an effort to alleviate traffic.

Similarly, the long-awaited Kuwait Metro will feature extensive tunnelling to navigate the dense urban fabric of Kuwait City, ensuring minimal disruption to existing roads while integrating with future transport networks. 

Qatar’s expansion of Doha Metro, meanwhile, requires additional underground infrastructure to connect developing areas and support the country’s vision for a comprehensive public transport system. 

Mecca Metro, already serving millions of pilgrims, is also set for further expansion, likely involving significant tunnelling to facilitate smoother access to holy sites while overcoming geographic constraints. 

In Oman, the Muscat Metro project is likewise expected to link key districts while preserving the city’s landscape and avoiding disruptions to arterial roads by introducing underground sections. 

All of these projects show that tunnels will play an important role in the region’s future as it strives to create cities with more efficient and environmentally sustainable transit and utilities systems. 

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/13561811/main.gif
Yasir Iqbal

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Kuwait shows tentative signs of economic development

    7 August 2026

     

    Kuwait was one of the chief targets of Iranian drone and missile strikes during July, but against the backdrop of regional instability, the Kuwaiti authorities also managed to conclude a series of significant deals during the month. That suggests that, if the US and Iran can come to some sort of agreement to end their conflict, there is the potential for the Kuwaiti economy to diversify and expand in a way that it has, until now, struggled to do.

    The sense of nascent progress was bolstered in early August, when a survey of local businesses found that the non-oil sector had returned to growth at the start of the third quarter, having been in a slump since the start of the war. However, the risk of renewed fighting means most observers remain deeply cautious about whether the latest purchasing managers index (PMI) is just a blip, or the start of a longer trend.

    Debt deals

    The first big deal came on 22 July, when the government sold $6bn-worth of bonds. It was the second debt issuance by the authorities since a long-awaited public debt law was passed by decree last year. The latest package included debt with tenors of three, five and 10 years. In a sign of the turbulent geopolitical environment, the bonds were priced at 70-85 basis points over US Treasuries. Notably higher than the 40-50 basis point spread the government achieved in its bond sale late last year.

    The second significant development came just a few days later, with Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) unveiling a $16bn deal with international investors Blackstone, Brookfield and KKR for its crude oil pipeline network. In a similar structure to deals struck in the past by Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) and Saudi Aramco, KOC will lease the country’s domestic and export pipelines to a new joint venture it has set up with the trio of international partners. The Kuwaiti energy company will then lease back the pipelines on an exclusive basis, in return for a volume-based tariff.

    KOC will have a 51% stake in the joint venture and – in line with Kuwaiti law – will retain full ownership and operational control of the 320-kilometre network.

    It was the largest energy infrastructure deal ever agreed in Kuwait and, according to KOC, the largest foreign direct investment made in the country. The $7.85bn that the three international partners will invest upfront will be used to support KOC parent company Kuwait Petroleum Corporation’s wider capital expenditure plans.

    The fact that the country was able to secure the deal at a time when its only existing export route – through the Strait of Hormuz – has been effectively closed off is an important vote of confidence by investors in the country’s longer-term prospects. According to energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie, Kuwait’s crude export volumes had fallen from 1.2 million barrels a day before the year to zero in April.

    It was the largest energy infrastructure deal ever agreed in Kuwait and, according to KOC, the largest foreign direct investment made in the country

    UK-based Oxford Economics noted that the bond issue and the pipeline deal came at a time when Kuwait “faces elevated fiscal funding needs and remains one of the GCC’s most exposed oil exporters to any disruption in the Strait of Hormuz given its limited alternative export infrastructure”.

    Blackstone said it also plans to open an office in Kuwait this year. There was a further show of investor interest in early August, when the Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA) reportedly agreed a $4.25bn, three-year loan from a group of 14 banks. The facility will be used for general corporate purposes, according to Bloomberg.

    In a further notable development, Kuwait’s Ministry of Public Works also handed a contract in late July to China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) to build the country’s largest wastewater treatment plant. The North Kabd plant will have a capacity of up to 1 million cubic metres a day (cm/d). Kuwaiti water desalination plants have been hit on several occasions by Iranian drones during this year’s war, causing fires and other damage.

    Policy reforms

    On a smaller level, some notable reforms have been rolled out to try to shape the direction of the non-oil economy too. In late July, the Ministry of Commerce & Industry stopped issuing any more sole-trader or freelance business licences, while a review is carried out into the sector and official oversight is tightened.

    The authorities went a step further on 2 August, when a decree was issued to stop businesses offering goods and services without the right sort of licence. Anyone found to be working without the required permit could now face a prison term of up to three years and a fine of up to KD100,000 ($323,000) – or a sum equivalent to the profits generated by the unlicensed activity, whichever is greater.

    Some steps have been taken to ease restrictions in other areas. In early August, a change to the visa system was announced that will allow some foreign nationals to convert a visit visa into a regular residency permit in return for a fee of KD150. The measure proved immediately popular, but many applicants had failed to read the small print and, according to local media reports, several hundred were rejected. The scheme is primarily aimed at those seeking to bring their wives or children to Kuwait, as well as humanitarian cases and others with exceptional circumstances.

    Economic recovery

    The wider economy is showing tentative signs of improvement. The latest PMI survey delivered an unexpectedly strong result, showing that the non-oil private sector returned to growth in July for the first time since the war began.

    S&P Global Market Intelligence, which compiles the index, said the resumption of flights at Kuwait International airport had helped to support a rise in output and new orders – the first for five months. That in turn supported greater purchasing and hiring activity by local businesses and took the index up to 50.8 points – just above the 50-point threshold that separates growth from contraction.

    Even so, S&P warned that market conditions remain “challenging” while local bank NBK Capital warned in early August that “it remains to be seen how much of this improvement [in the PMI] will be sustained … following the reescalation in US-Iran tensions in the past weeks”.

    If the Kuwaiti economy is to make the most of its potential, the country needs the war between Iran and the US to come to a definitive end.

    MEED’s September 2026 report on Kuwait also includes:

    > BANKING: Necessity is the mother of invention for Kuwaiti lenders
    > OIL & GAS: Regional war to have lasting impact on Kuwaiti oil sector
    > CONSTRUCTION: Kuwait construction holds up despite regional strife

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/18199239/main.gif
    Dominic Dudley
  • Seven opens entertainment complex in Abha

    7 August 2026

    Saudi Entertainment Ventures (Seven) has opened its integrated recreational complex in Abha, the first of 14 entertainment destinations the company plans to develop across the kingdom.

    Local contractor Modern Building Leaders (MBL) built the complex under an estimated SR950m ($253m) contract awarded in December 2022. The scheme has a built-up area of more than 70,000 square metres and features go-karting, edutainment, bowling and indoor golf facilities.

    Seven is a wholly owned subsidiary of Qiddiya Investment Company. The Abha complex is the first Seven project to be completed, and supports the Public Investment Fund’s strategy to develop the entertainment and sports sector in line with Saudi Vision 2030.

    The destination is located within the Abha International airport cluster and connects the airport with the region’s cultural, tourism and entertainment sites. Entertainment experiences at the complex include Formula E Karting alongside Seven-developed concepts such as Kawaken, GolFi, Cyber Bowling and Scene Cinema.

    Consultants on the project include Dar Engineering and Lebanon’s Khatib & Alami, with the UK’s Mace International as project management consultant, according to regional projects tracker MEED Projects.

    Seven plans to invest SR50bn ($13.3bn) in developing 21 integrated entertainment destinations across 14 cities in the kingdom as Riyadh pursues its strategy to diversify away from hydrocarbons, create jobs and improve quality of life.

    READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Saudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/18196472/main.jpg
    Colin Foreman
  • Nine contractors submit bids for Oman flood protection dam

    7 August 2026

     

    Oman’s Ministry of Agricultural, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources has received bids from nine contractors for the construction of the Wadi Rijma flood protection dam in Liwa, North Batinah Governorate.

    The Wadi Rijma dam project is one of four flood protection dams being planned in the sultanate to intercept floodwaters flowing from the northern Omani mountain range into the coastal plain.

    The bids include seven local contractors, one from Turkiye and one from China. The lowest offer of $50.6m was made by Strabag Oman.

    The full list of bidders includes: 

    • Strabag Oman ($50.6m)
    • Detonator Engineering ($53.0m)
    • AZ Engineers & Partners ($54.3m)
    • Eksen Project Construction Tourism & Trade (Turkiye, $58.4m)
    • Galfar Engineering & Contracting ($58.7m)
    • The Arab Contractors Oman ($59.3m)
    • Premier International Projects ($59.4m)
    • China International Water & Electric Corporation (China, $60.0m)
    • Khimji Ramdas Construction ($62.4m)

    MEED reported in March that the ministry had issued the tender for the project, which aims to protect flood-prone areas, reduce risks to life and property, and support groundwater recharge where possible.

    The proposed Wadi Rijma dam (R2A) is located between the mountain range to the south and west and the Gulf of Oman to the north and east. The area is characterised by wadis that cut deep valleys before spreading into multiple channels across alluvial fans.

    In June 2025, MEED reported that the Islamic Development Bank (ISDB) had extended a $632m loan to the ministry to fund the construction of four major flood protection dams in the sultanate.

    The four projects are:

    • Wadi Al-Khoud Flood Protection Dam (AK01) in Seeb
    • Wadi Rijma Flood Protection Dam (R2A) in Liwa
    • Wadi Majlas Flood Protection Dam in Qurayat
    • Wadi Ahin Flood Protection Dam in Saham North

    In June, the ministry invited contractors to bid for the construction of the Wadi Al-Khoudh flood protection dam in Wilayat Al-Seeb, Muscat Governorate.

    The contract is being tendered under ISDB’s Climate-Resilient Flood Protection Dams Project.

    The tender marks the revival of a project that has been on hold since 2019. The project was originally planned by the former Ministry of Regional Municipalities & Water Resources and was previously estimated to be worth about $159m.

    The bid submission deadline is 9 August.

    READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Saudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/18193497/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Syria signs 760MW solar power purchase agreements

    7 August 2026

    The Syrian Electricity Company (Sec) has signed power purchase agreements (PPAs) with Saudi Arabia’s Mohammed Ahmed Al-Harfi Company for three solar power projects with a combined generation capacity of 760MW.

    The projects will be supported by battery energy storage systems (bess) with a total storage capacity of 1,077MWh and will be located in the Widyan Al-Rabie area of Rif Dimashq.

    The PPAs were signed in Damascus on 5 August under the supervision of Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Energy. According to the ministry, the agreements range from 20 to 25 years and cover the provision of electricity at tariffs starting from $0.03/kWh.

    Alongside the PPAs, Al-Harfi signed two technical cooperation agreements. 

    Saudi Electricity Project Development Company (PDC) will provide engineering and advisory services to support the management and implementation of the solar projects. Germany’s Siemens Energy will provide technical cooperation and expertise covering substations, power generation and bess.

    The latest agreements build on a memorandum of understanding signed in February between Syria’s former General Establishment for Electricity Transmission and Distribution and Al-Harfi to develop a 210MW solar project supported by an 827MWh bess.

    The projects are among the first major investments signed by Sec since it was established in April following a restructuring of Syria’s electricity sector. The new state-owned utility replaced the former Public Establishment for Generation and the Public Establishment for Transmission and Distribution of Electricity and assumed their assets, contracts and obligations.

    Separately, in a LinkedIn post published on 6 August, Acwa vice-chairman and managing director Raad Al-Saady said he had accompanied the Saudi Ministry of Energy on a visit to Damascus to sign agreements and discuss existing and potential energy projects in Syria.

    He said he represented Acwa and the infrastructure committee of the Saudi Syrian Business Council during the visit.

    READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Saudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/18192007/main1207.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Lowest bidder emerges for Dewa Solar Park phase seven

    7 August 2026

     

    Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company (Masdar) is likely to be awarded the contract to develop the seventh phase of the Mohammed Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum Solar Park after submitting the lowest bid for the project, sources have told MEED.

    Dubai Electricity & Water Authority (Dewa) received bids on 1 July, as previously reported by MEED.

    According to a source, China’s BYD will act as battery energy storage system (bess) supplier for the project, while another Chinese firm, Gotion, is also understood to be in the running to supply battery storage technology.

    Phase seven will add 2,000MW from photovoltaic (PV) solar panels and include a 1,400MW bess with a six-hour capacity, providing a total storage capacity of 8,400 megawatt-hours. 

    Technical and financial offers were opened last month after developers including Saudi Arabia’s Acwa, the UAE’s Etihad Water & Electricity and Masdar submitted bids for the project.

    Dewa completed the prequalification process for the latest phase of the world’s largest single-site solar park in 2025. 

    As previously reported, 47 firms submitted their responses to Dewa’s expression of interest request for the contract in March 2025. The main tender was issued last November.

    The transaction advisory team for the project comprises UK-headquartered Deloitte and US-based CMS and Sargent & Lundy as financial, legal and technical advisers, with Deloitte acting as lead adviser. 

    Dewa phase six

    Masdar is also expected to commission the 1,800MW sixth phase of the MBR Solar Park in the third quarter of this year.

    The $1.5bn facility is being implemented by Shuaa Energy 4, a special purpose vehicle jointly owned by Masdar (40%) and Dewa (60%). It is understood that the winning bidder for Dewa 7 will enter into a similar partnership.

    The companies reached financial close on the sixth phase in 2024.

    India’s Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has been working as the main engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor. The firm is also working with Masdar on Abu Dhabi’s round-the-clock 5.2GW solar PV plus bess project that reached financial close last month. 

    Also in July, a Masdar-led consortium emerged as the frontrunner for a contract to develop Kuwait’s first utility-scale solar PV plant.

    Once completed, the sixth phase will increase the solar park’s total production capacity to 4,660MW. Dewa increased its flagship solar project’s 2030 installed capacity target last year by 45%, from 5,000MW to 7,260MW. This comprises a total investment of AED50bn ($13.6bn).

    READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Saudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/18189204/main5104.jpg
    Mark Dowdall