meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

The region’s most ambitious causeway projects

8 February 2023

 

The submission of feedback questionnaires and meetings with contractors for the planned second causeway connecting Saudi Arabia and Bahrain is the latest sign of potential progress on one of the region’s largest infrastructure projects.

Causeways have a chequered history in the region. The first causeway connecting Saudi Arabia and Bahrain was completed during the 1980s, and since then, it has had a transformative impact on the Bahraini economy. 

The project’s success has inspired other causeways. But while these schemes remain ambitions for many in the region, construction progress has been limited. The hope is that a successful second causeway linking Saudi Arabia and Bahrain will foster the delivery of other longstanding causeway plans.

These are the most ambitious causeway schemes that the region has planned:

 Second Saudi Arabia-Bahrain causeway

The second causeway between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain is the most likely to proceed. Planned by the King Fahd Causeway Authority, the $3.5bn project, which has been called the King Hamad Causeway project, is moving towards construction.

In 2021, senior government officials in Bahrain told MEED that the project was progressing towards tendering as financial studies had been completed.

The project was included in Bahrain’s $30bn Strategic Projects Plan that was announced later in 2021. As well as the causeway, the plan includes building new urban areas on five reclaimed islands to increase the country’s total land area by 60 per cent. It also comprises plans for a new airport.

The second causeway involves building a 25-kilometre road and rail crossing linking Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. It will follow the same alignment as the existing King Fahd Causeway.

It has been earmarked for delivery on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis. The King Fahd Causeway Authority appointed a consortium to provide transaction advisory services in late 2019.

The $8.9m consultancy agreement was signed with a consortium of Netherlands-headquartered KPMG, US-based Aecom and UK-based CMS. The team was tasked with working on developing the financing model, the required engineering specifications and design, as well as helping with the assessment and selection of the project’s developers.

Canada-based SNC Lavalin and UK-based consultancy firm PwC conducted the project due diligence study in 2017.

The existing King Fahd Causeway is operating at capacity. About 11.5 million cars cross the causeway every year, and the growth has been 6 per cent per annum over the past 10 years.

 Qatar-Bahrain causeway

There have also been suggestions that the proposed causeway bridging Bahrain and Qatar may be revived. In March 2022, Manama called for work to restart on the causeway joining the two countries.

“We in the Kingdom of Bahrain renew the call for the start of bilateral talks between the two sides in accordance with the mechanisms agreed upon in the Al-Ula statement,” said Bahrain’s undersecretary for land transportation and post in an official statement published by the official Bahrain News Agency.

The estimated $4bn Qatar-Bahrain causeway project was put on hold and the contracting consortium demobilised in 2010.

A joint venture of state-owned developer Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company and French contractor Vinci Construction Grand Projets led the consortium. The other consortium members were Germany’s Hochtief, Athens-based Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC), Dredging International from Belgium and the local Middle East Dredging Company (Medco).

The planned 40km bridge includes a four-lane motor crossing scheduled for completion in 2013 and two railway lines forming part of the GCC rail network.

The project also comprises 22km of bridges and viaducts, 18km of embankments and two 400-metre cable-stayed bridges. The causeway connects Ras Ashairij on the west coast of Qatar to Askar on the east coast of Bahrain.

The project was also known as the Friendship Bridge and was to be jointly funded by the Qatari and Bahraini governments, which intended to recover some of the construction costs by implementing a toll system on the bridge.

The crossing would cut the journey time between the two countries, which currently involves a detour through Saudi Arabia, from five hours to just 30 minutes.

 Saudi Arabia-Egypt causeway

The prospects for the causeway connecting the $500bn Neom project in Saudi Arabia and Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula across the Straits of Tiran improved last year after US President Joe Biden’s visit to Saudi Arabia.

After the visit, a joint communique issued by Washington and Riyadh referred to the development of Tiran Island.

“President Biden welcomed the arrangements by Saudi Arabia to remove the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) from the Island of Tiran, including the removal of US troops there as part of the MFO mission, while preserving and continuing all existing commitments and procedures in the area,” it said. 

“This area of the Red Sea will now be developed for tourism and economic purposes, contributing to a more secure, peaceful and prosperous region.” 

The US-Egyptian-Israeli-backed MFO was founded in 1981 to oversee the terms of the 1978 Camp David Accords, which included the full Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula.

In 2016, Egypt and Saudi Arabia agreed during a state visit to Cairo by King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud to develop a causeway linking the two countries across the Red Sea. 

The agreement was made as part of a broader deal that would also involve Egypt ceding the sovereignty of the two Tiran islands to Saudi Arabia.

While details of the proposed crossing were never revealed at the time, it was understood to be a revival of a $4bn project announced in 2011. That scheme involved building a 32km crossing stretching over the Straits of Tiran from Ras Humaid in Tabuk, in the northern region of Saudi Arabia, to Ras Nasrani, close to the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh.

Plans to link Saudi Arabia and Egypt are far from new. The development of a causeway was first mooted as far back as 1988. However, the idea has received additional focus in recent years following the launch of the Neom development in northwestern Saudi Arabia, which includes Ras Humaid. Part of the Neom scheme, the 170km-long linear city known as The Line, will extend from the promontory inland to the city of Tabuk.

UK-based Arup was reported to have been selected in 2019 for the next stage of the feasibility study for the causeway. 

Saudi Arabia was understood to be considering using a public-private partnership (PPP) model for the scheme, similar to other transport projects planned in and around the kingdom.

 Yemen-Djibouti causeway

A 28.5km causeway was planned to connect Yemen and Djibouti before the scheme was put on hold in 2010 until the governments of both countries signed the framework agreement for the project. The civil war in Yemen means it is unlikely the scheme will make any progress soon.

The estimated $20bn first phase involved building the link between the Yemeni mainland to the island of Perim in the Red Sea. Phase two would have then connected Perim with Djibouti.

The wider project also involves building two cities at each end of the link. The total investment required to construct the cities and the bridge is $200bn.

Dubai-based Al-Noor Holding Investment Company was developing the project.

In 2009, the company said it expected to award a build-operate-transfer contract for the first phase of the bridge and that three companies had expressed interest in funding and building the road and rail link. Denmark’s Cowi prepared the preliminary design for the crossing.

 UAE-Qatar causeway

In 2005, Abu Dhabi and Doha were reported to have been setting up a joint company to oversee the implementation of the proposed UAE/Qatar causeway.

The 40km causeway was expected to start near Sila in Abu Dhabi emirate and extend to the south of Doha.

The estimated $13bn crossing would have significantly cut journey times. At present, traffic between Qatar and the UAE has to pass through 125km of Saudi Arabian territory.

The scheme stalled shortly afterwards. Problems included difficulties with the route, which ran through Saudi Arabian territorial waters.

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/10571464/main.jpg
Colin Foreman

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • AD Ports to potentially operate Kuwait’s Shuaiba port

    16 December 2025

    Abu Dhabi Ports Group (AD Ports) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Kuwait Ports Authority (KPA) to explore developing and operating the container terminal at Kuwait’s Shuaiba port under a concession agreement.

    Established in the 1960s, Shuaiba is Kuwait’s oldest port. It covers 2.2 million square metres (sq m) and has 20 berths. According to KPA’s website, the container terminal has a storage area of 318,000 sq m.

    Located about 60km south of Kuwait City, the port handles commercial cargo, heavy equipment, raw materials and chemicals used across multiple industries.

    KPA said the MoU is a preliminary first step towards a concession contract, subject to completion of the required studies.

    Under the agreement, AD Ports will prepare the technical, environmental and financial studies needed for the project, including infrastructure requirements.

    For its part, KPA will designate the project site at Shuaiba port and collaborate with AD Ports to complete the required studies. It will also facilitate obtaining all necessary licences and approvals from the relevant Kuwaiti authorities.

    The proposed partnership is strategically significant for Abu Dhabi Ports Group, as it would extend its footprint in a major Gulf market and strengthen its regional network of ports and logistics assets.

    AD Ports’ presence at Shuaiba would position the group along key Gulf trade lanes and support its broader strategy of building end-to-end maritime and logistics corridors by linking port operations with shipping, industrial zones and supply chain services.

    READ THE DECEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Prospects widen as Middle East rail projects are delivered; India’s L&T storms up MEED’s EPC contractor ranking; Manama balances growth with fiscal challenges

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the December 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > BAHRAIN MARKET FOCUS: Manama pursues reform amid strain
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15254300/main4910.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • DP World launches new UAE-Iraq sea route

    16 December 2025

    UAE-based port operator DP World has launched a new 36-hour maritime service linking Dubai’s Mina Rashid with Iraq’s Umm Qasr Port.

    The new service, called DP World Express, offers a faster option than overland trucking, with a capacity to carry up to 145 accompanied trailers per sailing.

    The service was inaugurated at Mina Rashid, and a dedicated RoRo vessel was assigned to the route.

    The vessel was recently upgraded at Drydocks World and is scheduled to begin operations in December 2025.

    DP World Express will transport non-containerised, full-trailer units with drivers on board, delivering a direct, secure, door-to-door solution between the UAE and Iraq. The service will also support onward movement to neighbouring countries, improving reliability while reducing cross-border delays and administrative complexity.

    The new route responds to demand for quicker, more controlled trailer movements by lowering handling needs and simplifying planning across key trading sectors.

    This corridor strengthens access to Iraq’s main commercial centres and enhances connectivity to Jordan and Syria via established inland routes, supporting regional trade growth. On the return leg, the vessel will carry Iraqi export cargo to the UAE, helping expand two-way trade and improving efficiency across regional supply chains.

    The service further develops DP World’s integrated logistics offering by expanding direct maritime connectivity for non-containerised cargo. It is also expected to support sustainability goals by reducing CO2 emissions compared with alternative transport and logistics options.

    The launch event was attended by senior officials from the UAE and Iraq, including Muzaffar Mustafa Al-Jubouri, Iraqi ambassador to the UAE, and Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem, group chairman and CEO of DP World, among others.

    DP World is a global provider of end-to-end supply chain and logistics solutions, specialising in port operations, economic zones, maritime services and digital trade platforms. The company operates more than 60 marine and inland terminals in over 30 countries, handling around 88 million twenty-foot equivalent units of containerised cargo annually.

    READ THE DECEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Prospects widen as Middle East rail projects are delivered; India’s L&T storms up MEED’s EPC contractor ranking; Manama balances growth with fiscal challenges

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the December 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > BAHRAIN MARKET FOCUS: Manama pursues reform amid strain
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15251327/main.JPG
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Local firm wins key road intersection deal in Dubai

    16 December 2025

     

    Dubai-based firm DBB Contracting has won a contract from Dubai’s Roads & Transport Authority (RTA) for the development of the Sheikh Zayed Bin Hamdan Al-Nahyan Street intersection with Al-Awir Road and Al-Manama Street.

    The scope includes the construction of 2.3 kilometres (km) of bridges, lane expansion, and the provision of entrances and exits serving the surrounding areas.

    The project will increase the street’s capacity from 5,200 vehicles to 14,400 vehicles per hour in each direction.

    It will reduce travel time from 20 minutes to five minutes.

    The project will serve areas with a combined population of over 600,000 residents and visitors.

    The mobilisation works are ongoing. The project is slated for completion by 2028.

    Planning for growth

    In March 2021, the government launched the Dubai 2040 Urban Master Plan. Its launch referenced studies indicating that the emirate’s population will reach 5.8 million by 2040, up from 3.3 million in 2020. The daytime population is set to increase from 4.5 million in 2020 to 7.8 million in 2040.

    In December 2022, Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, approved the 20-Minute City Policy as part of the second phase of the Dubai 2040 Urban Master Plan. 

    In addition to the road projects, the RTA’s Dubai Metro Blue Line extension forms part of Dubai’s plans to improve residents’ quality of life by cutting journey times, as outlined in the policy.

    The policy aims to ensure that residents can meet 80% of their daily needs within a 20-minute walk or bike ride. This goal will be achieved by developing integrated service centres with all necessary facilities and by increasing population density around mass transit stations.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15251261/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Spetco completes clarification process for Kuwait oil contract

    16 December 2025

     

    Local contractor Spetco International has completed the clarification process with state-owned upstream operator Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) for a contract to develop the planned Mutriba remote boosting facility in Kuwait.

    In October, Ahmadi-based Spetco submitted the lowest bid for the contract, valued at KD88.2m ($288.7m).

    KOC tendered the project earlier this year and set a bid submission deadline of 29 June. The deadline was extended several times before three Kuwait-based companies submitted bids.

    The full list of the bids submitted was:

    • Spetco International – KD88,209,236 ($288.7m)
    • Combined Group Contracting – KD123,000,000 ($402.5m)
    • Alghanim International General Trading & Contracting – KD129,450,000 ($423.7m)

    One source said: “The large price gap between the lowest bid and the other bids that were submitted meant that KOC sought to revalidate the quote form Spetco and ensure that the company was conforming to the tender requirements and specifications.”

    The project uses the build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) contract model.

    The project’s scope includes:

    • Development of the Mutriba oil field
    • Installation of the degassing station
    • Installation of manifolds
    • Installation of condensate facilities
    • Installation of wellhead separation units
    • Installation of the pumping system
    • Installation of wellhead facilities
    • Installation of oil and gas treatment plants
    • Installation of a natural gas liquids plant
    • Installation of a water and gas injection plant
    • Construction of associated utilities and facilities

    The onshore Mutriba oil field is located in northwest Kuwait and is being developed as part of Kuwait’s broader strategy to expand its upstream capacity.

    Commercial output from Mutriba officially began on 15 June this year, after several wells were connected to KOC’s production facilities.

    The field, in a previously undeveloped part of Kuwait, covers more than 230 square kilometres and lies outside the area of fields already operated by KOC.

    In September, Kuwait’s Oil Minister Tareq Al‑Roumi said that the country’s oil production capacity had reached 3.2 million barrels a day (b/d), its highest level in more than 10 years.

    Despite the higher capacity, Kuwait says it will continue to abide by Opec+ agreements and will produce 2.559 million b/d.

    READ THE DECEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Prospects widen as Middle East rail projects are delivered; India’s L&T storms up MEED’s EPC contractor ranking; Manama balances growth with fiscal challenges

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the December 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > BAHRAIN MARKET FOCUS: Manama pursues reform amid strain
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15249101/main0844.png
    Wil Crisp
  • Kuwait awards oil pipeline contract

    16 December 2025

    State-owned upstream operator Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has awarded a contract to East Ahmadi-based Mechanical Engineering & Contracting Company (MECC) to build an oil pipeline network.

    The project scope includes installing group manifolds and trunk lines in North Kuwait, according to a statement from Kuwait’s Central Agency for Public Tenders (CAPT).

    The contract was awarded on 8 December and has a value of KD34.7m ($113.1m).

    MECC outbid three other companies, who were:

    • Combined Group Contracting Company – KD35.4m
    • Sayed Hamid Behbehani & Sons Company – KD39.8m
    • Heavy Engineering Industries & Shipbuilding Company (Heisco) – KD40.1m

    The project will install infrastructure to transport liquids from oil wells to gathering centers 29, 30m and 31.

    Kuwait is set to record its highest total annual value for oil, gas and chemicals contract awards since 2017, according to data from regional project tracker MEED Projects.

    Earlier in December, MEED reported that 19 contracts totalling $1.9bn had been awarded so far in 2025.

    This is more than four times the value of contract awards in the same sectors last year, when they totalled just $436m.

    It is also above the $1.7bn peak recorded in 2021, but it remains far lower than the values of contract awards seen in 2014-17, when several large-scale, multibillion-dollar projects were awarded in the country.

    The surge in the value of contract awards has come after Kuwait’s emir indefinitely dissolved parliament and suspended some of the country’s constitutional articles in May 2024.

    Prior to the suspension of parliament, Kuwait experienced very low levels of project awards for several years amid political gridlock and infighting between the cabinet and parliament.

    This meant that important project decisions could not be made, which was seen as a major obstacle to the progress of strategic oil projects.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15249103/main.png
    Wil Crisp