Saudi power sector enters busiest year
10 March 2025

Contracts worth more than $90bn are under execution in Saudi Arabia’s power sector, making 2025 the busiest year ever for generation and transmission capacity buildout in the kingdom.
The construction of conventional and renewable power generation plants accounts for two-thirds, or 66%, of the contracts under execution, while transmission and distribution projects account for the rest, based on the latest available data from regional project tracker MEED Projects.
In addition to gas-fired and renewable energy generation plant projects, the kingdom has awarded several contracts in the past two years to modernise and expand its domestic grids in light of the solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power plants, and industrial complexes, which are being built in remote areas – as well as Riyadh's plan to trade electricity beyond the kingdom's GCC partners and with countries such as Egypt.
In the past 12 months, the kingdom also awarded the first contracts to build on-grid battery energy storage system (bess) facilities, in line with fostering greater grid flexibility and countering the intermittency of renewable power.
“It has been a very, very busy year, despite some projects – particularly those catering to Neom – being re-scoped,” notes a Dubai-based senior executive with a transaction advisory firm.
The $500bn Neom gigaproject in southwestern Saudi Arabia aims to be powered 100% by renewable energy, which it initially expected to generate independently.
However, ongoing discussions are understood to include an option to meet future demand through renewable power sourced from the grid.
Overall, combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) projects – procured on either an independent power project (IPP) or engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) model – account for 56% of the total power generation contracts under execution in Saudi Arabia, with solar and wind accounting for the remaining 44%.
The principal buyer, Saudi Power Procurement Company (SPPC), awarded contracts for two pairs of CCGT plants – projects one and two of the Rumah and Nairiyah schemes – last year.
SPPC also signed the offtake agreements for four solar PV IPPs, which were tendered under the fifth round of the National Renewable Energy Programme (NREP). These were contracts for the 2GW Al-Sadawi, 1.25GW Al-Masaa, 500MW Al-Henakiyah 2 and 300MW Rabigh 2 solar IPPs.
An EPC contract for a high-voltage, direct current transmission network connecting the kingdom’s central and southern electricity grids was also one of the largest deals signed last year in the kingdom.
In the second half of 2024, the developer arm of Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) selected the preferred bidders for several greenfield CCGT expansion plants: Ghazlan 1 and 2, Riyadh PP12 and Marjan.
SEC subsidiary National Grid also awarded the second phase of its bess projects that are being procured on an EPC basis to local firm AlGihaz Holding last year. The three battery energy storage facilities, each with a capacity of 800MW, or about 2,600 megawatt-hours, are to be located in Najran, Khamis Mushait and Madaya.
The extent of work on hand is exerting pressure on contractor capacity, according to some experts.
"I think the Chinese EPC contractors are already at capacity, so SEC has started tapping Egyptian and Spanish EPC contractors," an industry source told MEED, referring to Tecnicas Reunidas, Orascom and Elsewedy, which are understood to have been selected last year to undertake the EPC contracts for several CCGT plants that SEC is developing.
South Korean EPC contractors are also executing several cogeneration and generation power plants in the kingdom.
Outlook
The need to expand, connect and stabilise the kingdom’s electricity grid will be a primary preoccupation for Saudi utility stakeholders in the short to medium term.
This is crucial given the large capacity of renewable energy power generation plants that are scheduled to come on stream, and as the kingdom deploys new gas-fired plants in line with its need to displace liquid fuel in some of its ageing fleet.
Oil fuel still accounted for 36% of Saudi Arabia's total electricity generation in 2023, at 422.9 terawatt-hours, according to the Energy Institute.
Data from MEED Projects suggests that at least $68bn-worth of power generation and transmission contracts are in the pre-execution phase as of March 2025.
Clean energy fuel-powered plants, using solar, wind, hydro and nuclear, dominate the $47bn-worth of planned power generation units, with thermal plants accounting for just 13% of the total.
This signals a shift to clean energy, despite the overall figure excluding a significant volume of renewable energy projects that are still in the concept stage. This is in line with a plan by the Energy Ministry to procure up to 20GW of renewable energy capacity annually until 2030, subject to demand growth.
Planned transmission and distribution projects, including several independent battery energy storage projects, together account for about $21bn of contracts that have yet to be awarded.
Local developers
Local companies are increasingly visible in the procurement proceedings for new power generation and transmission plants in the kingdom.
The decisions made by several European and Japanese developers to retreat from thermal power plant tenders that do not offer a clear carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) path – which would be necessary for them to meet their 2045 or 2050 net-zero targets – has contributed to this trend.
The exclusion of dominant utility developer Acwa Power in the prequalification process for the NREP’s fifth and sixth procurement rounds has also opened up opportunities for other international and local developers that are keen to win more contracts in Saudi Arabia.
Aljomaih Energy & Water, Ajlan & Brothers, Alfanar, Algihaz and SEC’s developer arm have been pursuing new contracts, usually in cooperation with an international developer.
Battery energy storage
Large-scale solar PV projects and limited wind capacity in the kingdom create a major market for battery energy storage going forwards.
Independent battery energy storage projects, in particular, offer neutral opportunities for both international and local developers, and are expected to attract more bidders compared to conventional thermal or standalone solar PV projects.
“We are definitely interested,” says a senior executive with a European utility developer, referring to the first phase of the kingdom’s independent storage provider (ISP) programme.
In addition to its net-zero merits, the ISPs will follow the same model as an IPP project, where the successful bidders will hold 100% equity in the special purpose vehicles set up to develop and operate the project.
While such strong interest is expected to benefit the principal buyer, which can expect to receive competitive prices from bidders, an over-competitive or crowded landscape could also be off-putting to developers and investors that are keen to maintain their internal rate of return, or which are shifting their global focus to other geographies.
“We prefer to wait and see,” one source tells MEED, indicating that their company does not intend to participate in upcoming battery tenders, not only in Saudi Arabia but also in other GCC states.
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Iran war erodes LNG’s image of reliability9 March 2026
Commentary
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Oil & gas reporterThe 28 February attack by the US and Israel on Iran, and the chaotic conflict that has ensued, has dramatically eroded the image of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a stable and reliable source of energy, removing around 20% of global LNG supply from the market.
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Similarly, in Egypt last year, when Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli made an announcement about bringing a third floating LNG import terminal online, an official government statement said that the terminals would be “ensuring stable energy for households and industry”.
The latest crisis has highlighted that, in some ways, the LNG market can be even more dramatically disrupted by geopolitical issues than the oil market.
Unlike the oil market, where producers such as Saudi Arabia maintain spare capacity and US shale producers quickly ramp up production if prices move higher, LNG facilities typically operate close to full capacity, leaving few options to boost production if other producers go offline.
On top of this, compared to the oil market, much more of the production relies on a relatively small number of producers and transport routes.
Kuwait’s gas crunch
In recent years, Kuwait has invested billions of dollars in an energy strategy that has made it structurally reliant LNG imports, and the centerpiece of the country’s LNG infrastructure is its $2.9bn Al-Zour import terminal, which was brought online in July 2021.
It is the country’s first permanent facility to import LNG and has allowed the country to take delivery of large volumes of gas.
Between March 2025 and February 2026, Kuwait imported 7,352 kilotonnes (kt) of LNG, making it the second-biggest importer in the Mena region after Egypt, according to data recorded by the market analytics company Energy Aspects.
The vast majority of Kuwait’s imports came from Qatar, with significant additional volumes also coming from Oman and Nigeria.
Now, as a result of fallout from the Iran war, Kuwait is going to face serious issues surrounding gas imports, at least in the short term.
With the Qatari LNG export facilities offline, the Al-Zour facility can’t receive shipments from Qatar, and due to Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) effectively closing the Strait of Hormuz, ships cannot reach Kuwait’s import terminal from Oman or Nigeria.
The gas shortage in Kuwait is also likely to be exacerbated by Kuwait cutting oil production due to an inability to export crude via the Strait of Hormuz.
On 7 March, state-owned KPC said it had implemented a precautionary reduction in crude oil production due to “threats against safe passage of ships through the Strait of Hormuz”.
Shutting in production at oil fields will mean that the country will not be able to gather as much associated gas that is produced alongside the crude oil and feeds some domestic power stations.
Just how severe the consequences of Kuwait’s gas crunch will be remains to be seen.
Several of Kuwait’s gas power plants have been designed to be able to run on fuel oil in emergencies, so it is possible that the country will be able avoid widespread blackouts.
When these powers stations are switched to oil they are usually less efficient and have more maintenance issues.
Last summer, even without a major gas shortage, the country was forced to resort to rolling power cuts across some regions due to high electricity demand and insufficient generating capacity.
Egypt uncertainty
Egypt, the Mena region’s biggest LNG importer, is also going to face uncertainty over its LNG supplies in coming months.
Between March 2025 and February 2026, Egypt imported 9,440kt of LNG, but unlike Kuwait, the majority of its imports are purchased through more short-term agreements, mainly with third parties like trading houses.
Last year, it was reported that Egypt had signed deals for around 150 cargoes through to the summer of 2026.
While much of Egypt’s LNG is likely to come from the US, and won’t be directly impacted by the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz, the recent surge in LNG prices could mean that the North African country will struggle to afford shipments.
Slava Kiryushin, an international oil and gas lawyer and a partner at the London-headquartered law firm HFW, says that the imports Egypt has already signed contracts for will only provide a partial buffer to the new higher price environment.
“While having existing deals in place is likely to help to mitigate Egypt’s exposure to the recent surge in LNG prices, it is unlikely that these deals will cover all of the country’s gas demand.
“Because of this, Egypt is likely to need to buy volumes on the spot market, where it will face much higher payments.”
Exacerbating the need for increased LNG imports, on 28 February Israel shut down production from its offshore gas fields due to security concerns, cutting pipeline exports to Egypt.
Prior to the fields being taken offline, Egypt was importing about 1.1 billion cubic feet a day (bcf/d) from the Tamar and Leviathan fields.
On 4 March, addressing concerns about energy supplies in the country, Madbouly said that Egypt had just concluded “several contracts” to procure gas shipments at “preferential prices” in cooperation with a range of countries and international companies.
However, he did not provide details about exact pricing of the deals.
Qatar deal
On top of the LNG deals Egypt has with trading houses, in January, Egypt signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Qatar related to 2026 LNG imports.
The preliminary deal included plans for 24 LNG deliveries through the summer of this year, when energy demand typically peaks.
Now, the shuttering of Qatar’s export terminals and the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz is casting a shadow over the deal and there is increased uncertainty over whether these deliveries will be executed.
Egyptian chemicals
As well as impacting power generation in Egypt, the higher gas prices are also likely to cause problems for Egypt’s petrochemicals sector, where natural gas is used as a feed stock.
In June last year, when Israel cut gas flows to Egypt after strikes on Iran, several major urea producers in Egypt were forced to stop production.
Misr Fertilizers Production Company (Mopco) is one of the companies that could feel the brunt of the gas shortage.
It is Egypt’s largest producer of nitrogen-based fertilisers and, in November last year, said that it was planning to invest $200m-$250m in 2026 and 2027, increasing its production capacity in the country.
Jordan and Bahrain
Jordan and Bahrain are also likely to be exposed to the surge in global LNG prices. They each respectively imported 665.7kt and 641.2kt of LNG between March 2025 and February 2026.
Both countries have recently invested in their capacity to import LNG, and were anticipating ramping up imports prior to the latest spike in international prices.
In April last year, Bahrain LNG Import Terminal (BLNG) received its first delivery of LNG since the terminal was officially commissioned in 2019. And, amid plans to boost imports to meet domestic demand, Spain-headquartered Noatum was awarded a five-year contract by state-owned Bapco Upstream in November to run marine services at the facility.
In Jordan, a new floating LNG import terminal (FSRU) arrived at the country’s Aqaba port in August 2025.
At the time, Sufian Batayneh, the general director of the country’s National Electric Power Company (Nepco), said that the terminal would benefit the region by providing LNG to operate Jordan’s power plants, as well as allowing the shipments of gas via pipeline to Egypt.
Now, with the global price of LNG at multi-year highs, it seems possible that both Jordan and Bahrain will have to choose between paying significantly higher prices for imports or scaling back their plans for increased deliveries.
Ongoing vulnerabilities
The latest disruption to the LNG markets has highlighted vulnerabilities to the global LNG supply chain and has undermined the image of stability that was previously seen a key reason why many countries have been making it a central pillar of their energy strategies.
Just how bad the economic damage will be for the Mena nations that are reliant on LNG imports will largely depend on how long it takes to bring Qatar’s export facilities back online and effectively reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
If the current disruption to the global LNG market does persist for an extended period of time and significant damage is done to economies like Kuwait and Egypt, other countries in the region may well think twice before committing to the development of LNG import infrastructure as a central part of their energy strategy.
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Oil companies evacuate staff from Iraq9 March 2026
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Several international companies working in Iraq’s oil sector have evacuated foreign personnel from the south of the country amid rising concerns about reduced security due to the US and Israel’s ongoing war with Iran.
Companies that have evacuated employees include the US-based service companies Halliburton, KBR and SLB, according to reports by local news services.
Iraq’s oil production has dropped by nearly 60% as closure of key export routes has forced the country to stop production at key fields.
Production currently stands at about 1.3 million barrels a day (b/d), down from around 3.3 million b/d before the outbreak of the war, according to Kazem Abdul Hassan Karim, the assistant director general at the department of fields and licensing affairs at the Iraqi Oil Ministry.
He also said that a drone attack involving two unmanned aircraft targeted the Burjesia oil area southwest of Basra Province and caused material damage to warehouses belonging to a foreign logistics services company.
The attack did not cause direct damage to oil facilities or production fields, according to Karim.
Authorities in northern Iraq’s Kurdish region also said on 6 March that production had been stopped at an oil field operated by HKN Energy in the Sarsang area of Duhok Province after a drone attack.
Amid growing concerns about disruption to oil production and exports due to the Iran war, global crude prices passed $100 a barrel for the first time in nearly four years.
Brent crude, the international benchmark, jumped 26.3% to $117.08 a barrel on 7 March, the first time market prices have soared above the $100 threshold since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
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