Saudi chemical ambitions define Mena downstream sector
28 December 2023

Saudi Arabia is moving ahead with its ambition to become one of the world’s largest petrochemicals producers by the end of this decade.
Its global liquids-to-chemicals programme involves expanding its portfolio of petrochemical assets both at home and abroad.
State enterprise Saudi Aramco and its petrochemicals-producing subsidiary Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic) have been tasked with establishing 10-11 large mixed-feed crackers by 2030. These petrochemical crackers, which include greenfield developments and expansions of existing facilities, will be built in both Saudi Arabia and overseas markets.
Aramco’s global liquids-to-chemicals programme aims to convert 4 million barrels a day (b/d) of its oil production into high-value petrochemicals and chemical feedstocks by 2030.
With a total capital expenditure by Aramco and Sabic of up to $100bn, it is the Middle East and North Africa’s largest petrochemical capital expenditure programme ever, and will generate a robust volume of work for consultants and contractors in the run-up to 2030.
Aramco has divided its liquids-to- chemicals programme in Saudi Arabia into four main projects. It took a major step forward in September by appointing project management consultants (PMC) for the different segments
of this massive petrochemicals investment scheme.
Aramco has selected the US’ KBR, France’s Technip Energies, UK-based Wood Group and Australia-headquartered Worley to provide PMC services for the four projects, which include:
- Project East (PMC 1) – involves converting the Saudi Aramco Jubail Refinery Company (Sasref) complex in Jubail into an integrated refinery and petrochemicals complex by adding a mixed-feed cracker. The project also involves building an ethane cracker that will draw feedstock from the Sasref refinery.
- Project West (PMC 2) – involves converting the Yanbu Aramco Sinopec Refining Company (Yasref) complex in Yanbu into an integrated refinery and petrochemicals complex through the addition of a mixed-feed cracker. Aramco and state-owned China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) in October for joint investment in the project, known as the Yanbu Refinery+ project.
- Project X (PMC 3) – involves converting the Saudi Aramco Mobil Refinery Company (Samref) complex in Yanbu into an integrated refinery and petrochemicals complex by building a mixed-feed cracker.
- Project RTC (PMC 4) – involves establishing a crude oil-to-chemicals (COTC) complex in Ras al-Khair in the Eastern Province. Sabic is a partner in the Ras al-Khair COTC project.
The Saudi energy giant is expected to start a separate tendering exercise for the provision of front-end engineering and design (feed) services on the projects in the future. Feed contracts are scheduled to be awarded in 2024, while the main EPC contracts are due for award in 2025.
Nigeria-Morocco gas pipeline
Progress on a cross-country pipeline spanning 13 states is bound to be slow. But the geopolitical importance and economic benefits of the Nigeria-Morocco gas pipeline project have ensured that the parties involved continue to make things tick.
The project’s total cost is estimated at a mammoth $25bn. Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) was reported in April to be preparing to invest $12.5bn to secure a 50 per cent equity stake in the project.
The project will extend for 5,600 kilometres, originating in Nigeria and passing through Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Gambia, Senegal and Mauritania before terminating in Morocco.
It will connect to the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline and the European gas network. The landlocked states of Niger, Burkina Faso and Mali will also come under the purview of the pipeline.
The countries signed an MoU with Morocco’s National Office of Hydrocarbons and Mines in December 2022. Morocco will host 1,672km of the pipeline.
The first phase of the feed work has been completed, and the second phase of the feed is under way.
Kuwait petrochemicals
There has been little movement, meanwhile, on Kuwait’s Al-Zour petrochemicals complex, although state-owned Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries Company (Kipic) is continuing with feasibility studies on the estimated $10bn project.
The operator has not made a final investment decision (FID) on the project and has not revealed a schedule for when it will be approved and tendered.
The fact that Kipic is conducting more feasibility studies on the products the facility should produce is likely to exacerbate concerns that an overhaul of its scope is being considered. This would lead to a long delay before the main contracts are tendered.
The Al-Zour petrochemicals project was first announced in 2006. The planned complex will be integrated with the Al-Zour refinery, which has a nameplate capacity of 615,000 b/d, and was commissioned recently.
Abu Dhabi LNG project
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc Group) is advancing towards an FID on its planned liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminal in Ruwais Industrial City in Abu Dhabi’s Al-Dhafrah region.
The LNG export terminal will have the capacity to produce about 9.6 million tonnes a year (t/y) of LNG from two processing trains, each with a capacity of 4.8 million t/y. The facility will ship LNG mainly to key Asian markets, such as Pakistan, India, China, South Korea and Japan.
The overall value of the planned project is estimated to be more than $4.5bn, based on capital expenditure by operators on similar schemes worldwide.
Consortiums of contractors submitted technical bids for the Ruwais LNG terminal project by the deadline of 31 May.
Commercial bids for the project are due to be submitted by the end of 2023, with the award of the engineering, procurement and construction contract expected within the first quarter of 2024.
Exclusive from Meed
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Lessons learnt from a power plant decommissioning26 February 2026
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Commentary
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Oil & gas editorThe pace at which QatarEnergy has progressed from the front-end engineering and design (feed) stage to the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) stage of its North Field West liquefied natural gas (LNG) project is impressive.
The state energy company awarded the main EPC contract for North Field West – covering two LNG processing trains with a total capacity of 16 million tonnes a year (t/y) – to a joint venture comprising France’s Technip Energies, Greece/Lebanon-based Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC) and Gulf Asia Contracting (GAC) on 25 February.
The EPC contract, estimated to be worth $8bn, was awarded just one month after QatarEnergy granted the project’s feed contract to Japan-based Chiyoda Corporation.
Such a short interval between the feed and EPC phases for a project as large as North Field West LNG would typically be considered improbable. Industry sources suggest QatarEnergy may have been in discussions with Chiyoda and the Technip Energies–CCC consortium for at least a year regarding the feed and EPC contracts, respectively – particularly given the two-year gap between the project’s announcement in February 2024 and the start of the EPC phase.
Chiyoda, Technip Energies and CCC are also involved in the first two phases of QatarEnergy’s $40bn North Field LNG expansion project. A consortium of Chiyoda and Technip Energies is executing EPC works on the North Field East project, which involves the construction of four LNG trains with a combined capacity of 32 million t/y, following the award of a $13bn contract in February 2021. Meanwhile, a Technip Energies–CCC consortium is carrying out EPC works on two 7.8 million t/y LNG trains as part of the North Field South project, having secured a $10bn contract in May 2023.
More significant, however, is the speed with which QatarEnergy is advancing its strategic objective of reaching a total LNG production capacity of 142 million t/y by the end of the decade.
With all three phases of the North Field LNG expansion programme now under EPC execution – and North Field East scheduled for commissioning later this year – QatarEnergy appears firmly on track to become one of the world’s largest LNG suppliers over the long term, reinforcing Qatar’s economic future in the process.
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Contractor appointed for UAE-Saudi power grid interconnection26 February 2026

The GCC Interconnection Authority (GCCIA) has awarded a contract to Omexom, part of France's Vinci Group, for a 400kV overhead transmission line between the UAE and Saudi Arabia.
The $230m project involves the construction of a 96-kilometre, double-circuit 400kV overhead line linking the Al-Silaa substation in Abu Dhabi with the Salwa substation in Saudi Arabia.
The project also includes expanding three key substations in Gonan, Al-Silaa and Salwa and installing upgraded 400kV switchgear, circuit breakers and reactors.
As MEED previously reported, the project is being financed by the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development (ADFD), which signed a $205m financing agreement with GCCIA last July.
France’s EDF is acting as the main consultant on the project.
The award marks Omexom’s first major contract in the region.
The interconnection is intended to strengthen power grid connectivity between the UAE and Saudi Arabia.
It forms part of wider GCC grid expansion plans, including the $700m Oman power grid interconnection, which began implementation earlier this month.
This project marks one of the largest expansions in the authority’s history and involves building a 400kV double-circuit transmission line extending about 530km between the two countries.
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Egypt’s crisis mode gives way to cautious revival26 February 2026
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John Bambridge
Analysis editorIn the past three years, Egypt has faced pressures that would test any market, with collapsed staple revenues, currency volatility and escalating debt pushing it to the fiscal brink. Yet if 2023 and 2024 were years of crisis management, 2025 was a year of economic policy and geopolitical realignment.
Egypt’s foreign policy has always been rooted in pragmatism, but mounting economic fragility has sharpened that instinct. In 2022, Cairo faced just one geopolitical fracas on its borders: Libya. Since 2023 – amid the emergence of conflicts in Sudan and Israel-Palestine – the Egyptian government has become the unwilling inheritor of instability along all three of its land borders. This has eaten into regional trade and Egypt’s stake in it.
In response, Cairo has retrenched around a few simple principles: insulating the domestic economy from geopolitical shocks, preserving internal stability, and leveraging Egypt’s strategic location and role in the region’s security architecture to pursue a more transactional foreign policy. This is inseparable from Egypt’s quest to restore macroeconomic credibility after successive devaluations and inflationary pressure. External actors, meanwhile, see Egypt as too vital a regional lynchpin to fail; US-based funds and Gulf governments have moved quickly to help stabilise Cairo’s finances.
Looking ahead, Egypt’s stated ambition is to move back towards a more routine, predictable monetary policy framework by 2027, with an inflation target of 7% by Q4 2026. This is as much about signalling as substance, but so far investors appear to be buying it. The oil and gas sector is showing renewed momentum, supported by upstream incentives and improved payment discipline towards international operators. Utility infrastructure contracts, meanwhile, reached a decade-high $5bn in 2025, dominated by renewable energy schemes. The water sector is also full of potential, with projects worth about $4.5bn at the prequalification or bid stage.
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Egypt remains highly fiscally vulnerable. However, if Cairo can maintain disciplined economic management and continue to use foreign policy pragmatism to secure investment and financial support from its neighbours and the international community, it may yet convert today’s fiscal strain into the foundation for a genuinely investable future.

MEED’s March 2026 report on Egypt includes:
> GOVERNMENT: Egypt adapts its foreign policy approach
> ECONOMY & BANKING: Egypt nears return to economic stability
> OIL & GAS: Egypt’s oil and gas sector shows bright spots
> POWER & WATER: Egypt utility contracts hit $5bn decade peak
> CONSTRUCTION: Coastal destinations are a boon to Egyptian constructionTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15717634/main.gif -
February 2026: Data drives regional projects26 February 2026
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Includes: Commodity tracker | Construction risk | Brent Spot Price | Construction output
MEED’s March 2026 report on Egypt includes:
> COMMENT: Crisis gives way to cautious revival
> GOVERNMENT: Egypt adapts its foreign policy approach
> ECONOMY & BANKING: Egypt nears return to economic stability
> OIL & GAS: Egypt’s oil and gas sector shows bright spots
> POWER & WATER: Egypt utility contracts hit $5bn decade peak
> CONSTRUCTION: Coastal destinations are a boon to Egyptian constructionTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15781010/main.gif -
Lessons learnt from a power plant decommissioning26 February 2026

Al-Kamil power plant, a 280MW, gas-fired power plant in the Sharqiya region of Oman, was recently decommissioned following nearly 20 years of operations as the country’s second independent power plant.
The plant reached commercial operation in 2002, at which time it started to supply electricity to Nama Power & Water Procurement Company under a 15-year power purchase agreement that was later extended to the end of 2021. No further extension was granted so, in 2022, the decommissioning process was initiated.
Al-Kamil power plant was one of the first privately owned power plants in Oman to be decommissioned. The entire process took significantly longer than planned – three years compared to an initial target of 12 months. This was not unexpected, however, as there were not yet any standard processes to follow. Everything was being done for the first time, and proper procedures had to be established.
Starting decommissioning
The decommissioning of a power plant is a complex process and can take as much time to complete as it takes to build a plant. It involves environmental considerations, health and safety protocols, detailed surveys, de-energisation, dismantling, demolition, waste management and the segregation and storage of secondary valuables.
Careful planning and management are essential to ensure that decommissioning is accomplished safely, cost-effectively and in accordance with all government environmental standards.Consulting on the decommissioning of Al-Kamil were Dubai’s Golden Sands Marketing Consulting (GSMC), appointed in 2021, alongside Abu Dhabi’s Sustainable Water & Power Company (SWPC) and Dubai’s Tractebel Engineering Company (TEC).
One of the first steps that GSMC undertook was to prepare a master plan covering the entire decommissioning process (see right).
A site investigation was undertaken by GSMC and SWPC early in the process to determine the condition of the power assets and the overall site.
The Al-Kamil power plant was found to have been well maintained, with no major health, safety, security and environment (HSSE) issues.
SWPC prepared the dismantling guidelines covering all plant equipment, and these were reviewed by TEC. The guidelines covered three main phases: the shut down and isolation of all assets; the de-
energisation process; and the dismantling of the plant equipment, its removal from site and the demolition of all remaining civil works.GSMC designed a sales strategy for the plant equipment, taking into consideration the secondary market for power-related equipment, as well as the scrap market in Oman. A competitive procurement process was also followed in an effort to maximise sales revenues from plant equipment.
A separate tender was issued to appoint a demolition contractor to remove the remaining civil works, and once this work was complete, a local environmental engineering company undertook a final environmental report to demonstrate that the site was properly cleared and ready for handover to the original owner, the Housing & Urban Planning Ministry.
Final results
The decommissioning project went well in terms of HSSE considerations, with no fatalities, no lost-time injuries and no first aid injuries over the more than 243,000 total workhours at the site.
There were no material environmental spills or incidents to report, and all above- and below-ground structures were demolished and safely removed from the site in accordance with local requirements.
The final environmental report, completed just before handover, showed that the site was effectively in the same condition as it was when originally taken over at the start of construction.
The decommissioning was also successful from a financial perspective, as revenues from the sale of plant equipment and diesel fuel were beyond what was required to cover the costs associated with the decommissioning process.
Lessons learnt
Many lessons were learnt during the process that can benefit future power plant decommissioning efforts in the region.
> Notify key stakeholders early: Key stakeholders are those that have a vested interest in the project, either through ownership of certain assets on site, such as grid connection assets, or via regulation, such as the environmental authority. Many of these stakeholders take time to respond, so notifying key stakeholders early in the process can ensure that unnecessary delays are avoided.
> Prioritise HSSE: For any future decommissioning project, HSSE must be a top priority, and this should be the focus throughout the entire decommissioning process – at all levels of work and management.
The site manager at Al-Kamil installed a 24/7 closed-circuit television camera, which proved to be extremely effective in terms of monitoring progress and identifying potential HSSE issues before they became an incident. This simple and cost-effective practice should be replicated for all future decommissioning projects.
> Appoint the environmental consultant early in the process: It is advisable to appoint an environmental consultant early in the process. The consultant is needed to coordinate activities with the local environmental authority and obtain a no-objection letter or certificate, complete an environmental management report and an update of the environmental impact assessment, which includes an environmental baseline.
Ideally, these reports and environmental authority approvals should be completed well before any work is under way at the site. This information is also useful to potential bidders for the sale of equipment, or to contractors involved in the dismantling and demolition process.
> Submit an environmental management plan for approval: It is unlikely that any environmental authority will provide a no-objection letter or certificate without reviewing the environmental plan. It is therefore necessary to complete the plan early, prior to informing the environmental authority. This can minimise potential delays in starting the decommissioning process.
As a general practice, an environmental consultant should be brought on board early in the process, ideally once the overall master plan is approved by the company.
> Establish a proactive steering committee: This was done at Al-Kamil and proved to be effective when it came to overseeing project progress and dealing with issues as they arose. Certain members of the steering committee visited the site regularly and undertook spot HSSE inspections.
At Al-Kamil, the overall decommissioning was relatively straightforward as the plant was in a remote area. However, decommissioning a power plant in a busier location, or when part of the power plant remains in operation, is more challenging. Under these circumstances, a steering committee is vital.
> Set realistic delivery and completion timelines: Decommissioning a power plant is a complex process. The initial timeline to complete the process for Al-Kamil was one year, which was the best estimate at the time as there were no benchmarks or references in Oman. However, the actual completion time turned out to be three years – longer than the approximately 2.5 years it took to build the plant, from the start of construction in early 2001 to full commercial operation in July 2003.
Realistic delivery dates should be set for contractors, suppliers and others involved in the decommissioning process. This is likely to result in better pricing, as bidders tend to factor in higher contingencies with shorter or fast-track delivery dates. More realistic delivery dates also help management to allocate staff resources and manage the decommissioning budget.
Finally, realistic delivery dates help to manage owner and shareholder expectations regarding project completion.
Given the experience with Al-Kamil, a reasonable decommissioning timeline for a power plant is probably close to the actual construction timeline for the plant involved.
> Allow time to maximise revenues from the sale of assets: The market value for Al-Kamil’s power assets was estimated at a value significantly higher than the prevailing scrap value. This was based in part on the value of similar gas turbine units, after adjusting for age, usage and other factors that affect the net market value. However, the company realised a much lower value, even after retendering the equipment sales in an effort to get a better price.
It appears that prices close to the market rate are only achievable if there is time to find a suitable buyer. This can take many months or even years – typically a longer time than the owners of power plants wish to take.
Moreover, as renewables continue to penetrate the market, there is less worldwide demand for used gas turbine units. Prevailing market supply and demand conditions also have a bearing on the sale price for secondary equipment, and this factor needs to be considered.
If time is of the essence, then power plant owners need to accept the fact that the expected revenues will likely be on the low side, although still higher than the scrap value of the assets.
Main image: Picture 1: Al-Kamil power plant as constructed; Picture 2: Post decommissioning
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