Saudi Arabia reinvigorates power sector
7 March 2023

Recent developments indicate that Saudi Arabia is more determined than ever to continue pursuing a multi-pronged energy diversification approach.
Between December 2022 and early March, the kingdom received bids for the contract to build its first nuclear power plant project; issued the tender for the development of 7,200MW of combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) independent power producer (IPP) schemes; and appointed a consultant to assess three solar parks with a potential capacity of 30GW.
The rush of new projects contrasts with the sector’s lacklustre performance in 2016-21, when the cumulative value of contracts awarded totalled a mere $5.5bn, reaching a record low of $55m in 2017.
The new-found momentum began last year, with $8.1bn-worth of contracts awarded, the highest over the 10-year period starting in 2013.
Last year’s contract awards include the estimated $4bn contract for the renewable energy and battery storage facility catering to the Neom green hydrogen project. Contracts for the 1.2GW third round of the kingdom’s National Renewable Energy Programme (NREP) and the Public Investment Fund's (PIF) 2.06GW Shuaibah 2 solar photovoltaic (PV) project were also awarded.
This has taken the overall capacity of solar projects under construction in Saudi Arabia to roughly 6,230MW, excluding the captive facility catering to the Neom green hydrogen project – a remarkable feat given that the kingdom has significantly lagged behind its renewable energy targets.
As of last year, the kingdom only has an estimated 842MW of renewable energy installed capacity, mainly from the 300MW Sakaka solar PV facility and 400MW Dumat al-Jandal wind farm.
This equates to just 3 per cent of its initial national goal to install 27.3GW of renewable energy capacity by 2024 and 1.4 per cent of its 2030 goal of 58.7GW.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine has affected the delivery of most of the projects, according to a Saudi-based expert, due to disrupted supply chains and global inflation.
“The Covid-19 pandemic affected projects not just in Saudi Arabia, but everywhere in the world,” he says.
Other experts insist that the kingdom needs to make an unprecedented adjustment to meet its ambitious 2030 target.
In response, state offtaker Saudi Power Procurement Company (SPPC) launched the procurement process last year for NREP’s fourth round.
Phase four comprises two solar PV IPP schemes with a total combined capacity of 1.5GW and three wind IPPs with a total combined capacity of 1.8GW. Bids for these contracts are due by April and May this year, respectively.
In early March, Germany-based ILF Consulting Engineers (ICE) also announced that it had been selected to undertake the pre-development studies for three solar PV parks in Saudi Arabia with a potential combined capacity of 30GW, the largest of its kind ever planned in the region, if not globally.
The locations and procurement timeline for the projects have not yet been announced, but the tendering process will most likely commence once the initial studies are complete, according to a source familiar with the projects.
Going nuclear
Saudi Arabia’s Finance Ministry’s disclosure that it received bids in late December last year for the contract to build the kingdom’s first nuclear power plant has also significantly raised the power generation sector’s momentum.
The entire project’s budget of roughly $33.5bn, as estimated by MEED Projects, accounts for over a third of the total value of planned and unawarded power generation projects across the kingdom.
The potential award of the nuclear power project – the initial phase of which is understood to be 2.8GW – is not expected to slow down the pace of contract awards for other power generation assets.
As previously stated, the kingdom’s energy diversification programme expects clean and renewable energy to account for half – up from roughly 1 per cent today – of its electricity production mix by 2030.
The long lead time to construct and develop a nuclear power plant could also mean the first reactor is not likely to be ready by the end of the decade.
While the kingdom has not disclosed the list of companies bidding for the project, there is mounting speculation that at least three companies, including Russia’s Rosatom, China National Nuclear Corporation and South Korea’s Kepco, may have submitted a proposal to develop the facility.
RELATED READ: Saudi nuclear move has geopolitical significance
Unlike the solar and wind energy projects, the results of the nuclear energy bids are expected to be announced only by the highest level of leadership within the kingdom due to the strategic and geopolitical importance of nuclear power.
Ramping up gas
In January, SPPC retendered contracts to develop its next gas-fired IPP projects. Initially comprising two projects, each with a capacity of 3.6GW, the Taiba and Al-Qassim IPPs were each split into two 1.8GW schemes, with bids for the four contracts due by mid-2023.
These are the first gas-fired power generation plants to be procured since 2016, when Saudi Arabia awarded the 1,500MW Fadhili IPP to a consortium led by France’s Engie.
Before the retender, SPPC received only a single bid for the 3.6GW Taiba IPP. Wary of net-zero carbon emission targets, many international utility developers declined to bid for the package citing insufficient decarbonisation provisions.
Despite this setback, SPPC sought consultants last year for the transaction advisory contract for its next round of CCGT projects, which will be developed using a build-own-operate model.
The two projects, to be located in Riyadh and Al-Khafji, will each have a design capacity of 3,600MW.
“It is a moving target,” a senior official with a utility developer said about the kingdom’s energy diversification goal.
Various official sources suggest that the country’s current installed power generation capacity stands at 80-90GW, with little to no publicly available figures in terms of the capacity forecast by 2030.
The original target to install 57.8GW of renewable energy capacity by the end of the decade vis-à-vis a goal for renewable energy to account for 50 per cent of the total implies that the 2030 figure could be around 110-120GW.
Keeping this in mind, and the need to retire ageing fossil fuel-fired fleets during the intervening period, appears to justify the need for the kingdom to build more gas-fired power plants while pursuing significant renewable and nuclear capacity.
In terms of attracting more bidders for its current and future CCGT schemes, much will depend on how SPPC and the Energy Ministry address developers’ concerns regarding measures to minimise carbon footprint at the same time as ensuring the assets’ long-term economic feasibility.
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Saudi gigaproject developer Diriyah Company has awarded a SR2.7bn ($727m) contract for the main construction works on the development’s Waldorf Astoria superblock.
The contract was awarded to the joint venture of Hassan Allam Construction Saudi and UCC Saudi, the local branch of Qatar’s Urbacon Holding.
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Diriyah Company tendered the contract in November last year, with submissions due in January, as MEED reported.
Diriyah Company Group CEO Jerry Inzerillo said: “We are delighted to announce this latest major construction contract for the Waldorf Astoria superblock as we continue to progress at pace across the Diriyah development area. The Waldorf Astoria will be a world-class addition to our growing portfolio of globally renowned hospitality brands, further strengthening Diriyah’s appeal as a globally significant destination that offers world-class hospitality and lifestyle experiences.
“Together with our partners, we look forward to delivering another landmark development that supports the kingdom’s Vision 2030 ambitions and contributes to the continued growth and success of Diriyah.”
Hassan Allam, chairman and CEO of Hassan Allam Holding, said: “We are proud to support the development of one of the kingdom’s most ambitious and transformative destinations and to continue our partnership with Diriyah Company in bringing its vision to life.
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Ramez Al-Khayyat, UCC Holding president and group CEO, said: “Being awarded this contract by Diriyah Company marks another important milestone in our growing partnership and reinforces our shared commitment to delivering world-class developments across the kingdom. This project builds on our ongoing collaboration in Diriyah, including the delivery of four luxury hotels and the Royal Diriyah Equestrian and Polo Club in Wadi Safar.
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In April, Diriyah announced a SR1.84bn ($490m) construction contract to build the Saudi Arabia Museum of Contemporary Art (SAMoCA) within the Diriyah development. The contract was awarded to a consortium of Egyptian contractor Hassan Allam Construction Saudi and Saudi Arabia’s Albawani.
In March, Diriyah Company awarded an estimated SR2.5bn ($666m) contract to build the Pendry superblock in the DG2 area.
The Pendry superblock includes the construction of the Pendry Hotel alongside residential and commercial assets. The package will cover 75,365 square metres and is located in the northwestern district of the DG2 area.
The previous month, Diriyah Company also awarded a SR717m ($192m) contract for the construction of the One Hotel, located in the Diriyah Two area of the masterplan, with a gross floor area of more than 31,000 sq m.
The Diriyah masterplan envisages the city as a cultural and lifestyle tourism destination. Located northwest of Riyadh’s city centre, it will cover 14 square kilometres and combine 300 years of history, culture and heritage with hospitality facilities.
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AHS Properties acquires Shangri-La hotel for $300m17 June 2026
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UAE moves to clear the path for recovery17 June 2026
Commentary
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EditorMore than three months after the conflict began to disrupt business across the Gulf, the UAE is moving to resolve the technical challenges that the economy faces as it shifts towards recovery.
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Libya signs three oil deals after licensing round17 June 2026
Libya’s National Oil Corporation (NOC) has signed three production-sharing agreements with several international energy companies following the country’s first licensing round in nearly two decades.
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US–Iran deal sets Hormuz road map17 June 2026
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The US-Iran agreement, declared complete on 14 June, reopens the Strait of Hormuz, lifts the US naval blockade and ends a war that has closed the Gulf’s export artery since 28 February. The strait reopens at Friday’s signing on paper, but the recovery will take months.
US President Donald Trump announced the deal on Truth Social, authorising the "toll-free opening" of the strait and the immediate removal of the blockade, with formal signing set for Geneva on 19 June – with vice-president JD Vance to sign for Washington and parliamentary speaker Mohammad Baqer Ghalibaf for Tehran in the highest-level US-Iran meeting since 1979.
Iran’s deputy foreign minister Kazem Gharibabadi confirmed the text was finalised but said Tehran would not implement it until signing, with the strait staying closed in the interim.
Signing versus substance
The signing on 19 June is merely the starting line that will set in motion a partial reopening to traffic alongside a clearance operation to remove the mines laid by Tehran across key sections of the strait.
The memorandum gives Iranian forces 30 days from signing to clear the strait of mines. At the same time, the Pentagon’s estimates appear to suggest that a full minesweeping could take up to six months, even with three dedicated vessels in the region.
Such gaps – here a 30-day treaty obligation against a six-month operational reality – have become the running feature of the bilateral negotiations, which have been framed by mutual distrust and plagued by an absence of granular detail.
The deal is welcome for the region despite its uncertainty. Behind the mines sits a tanker backlog built over more than 100 days, and Gulf producers that throttled back production and need time and assurances to restore flow.
Before the war, roughly 100 ships transited daily; Kpler now projects around 40 a day could sail within the first month, but with an estimated 300 loaded vessels stranded on either side of the strait, and 250 more sitting empty and idle in the Gulf, it is a pressure release valve, not an immediate restoration of flow.
A total restoration of oil and trade flows is unlikely to come into view before the year’s end.
Insurance represents the second brake, with war-risk premiums standing at 1-4% of vessel value per transit, or about $8m for a $200m tanker – against less than 0.1% before the war.
Shipping associations are no less cautious, with the Baltic and International Maritime Council calling for verified mine-free routes before volume traffic resumes.
Insurance underwriters are likewise unlikely to relent on prices until clearance is confirmed.
Conditional relief
Markets have already traded the sentiment, however. Brent settled at $87.33 on 13 June – an eight-week low – and have fallen further as the deal has firmed. As of early morning trading on 16 June, the first full day of trading after the Islamic New Year, Brent was down at $78.
Yet the relief remains highly conditional: a 60-day nuclear negotiation now follows the signing, and a breakdown in either this, passage through the strait or peace in Lebanon could return the strait to crisis.
The US-touted toll-free terminology is also narrower than billed, with the Iranians instead affirming a 60-day grace period for fees but not eliminating the possibility of “fees” for navigation, environmental and insurance services after that point.
The distinction is legal, not rhetorical, with international maritime law barring tolls on passage through natural straits but permitting the imposition of service fees on vessels passing through territorial waters.
It is through this terminology that Iran is now consistently framing its plans to charge fees from passing vessels through the office of its Persian Gulf Strait Authority – established 5 May and since sanctioned by the US Treasury.
For the Gulf, a 60-day waiver that resolves into an Iranian (and possibly joint Omani) fee regime is a pause in Iran’s tollgate economy, not its end – and would represent a strategic concession for the US, the Gulf and the globe.
Levant entanglement
Lebanon is another conditional space that the deal cannot fully escape, with a flare-up on that front being the final potential trigger that could collapse the 60-day agreement.
Iran has explicitly tied a ceasefire in Lebanon to the resolution of transit in the strait, but Israel does not agree with this, and the linkage may have inadvertently handed Tel Aviv the exact tool it needs to disrupt the US–Iran ceasefire – through the simple of continuing a conflict that it already wants to continue.
Within a day of the deal, Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz said the IDF would stay in southern Lebanon “without any time limit”, with US officials corroborating that Israeli withdrawal was never a condition of a deal.
On the ground, the ceasefire is already looking frail, with post-deal fire straying in both directions and already endangering the regional calm and Hormuz reopening the Gulf is already pricing.
For Gulf producers and shippers, the distinction and in some cases friction between what the deal declares and what it actually delivers remains a cause for uncertainty.
A declaration is easy, but the delivery requires nuclear negotiation, mine-clearance verification, insurance repricing and a 60-day political test before barrels can again move at volume.
Trump, who has been frustrated for months with the slow progress on Iran from a US perspective, is also more than likely to be distracted by other concerns on a timeline shorter than 60 days – risking the political will to peace coming up short.
In the Gulf, whether Saudi Arabia and the UAE send cabinet-level representatives to Geneva on Friday will signal whether the region’s political leaders are willing to wield the political capital necessary to keep the US on track and pursue the ceasefire to fruition.
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