Riyadh confirms capital expenditure cuts

7 May 2025

 

Saudi Arabia has reported a 19% drop in government capital expenditure (capex) during the first quarter of this year compared to the same period last year. Capex spending in Q1 2025 was SR27.8bn ($7.4bn), down from SR34.5bn in Q1 2024.

The Ministry of Finance reported the drop in expenditure in its Quarterly Budget Performance Report for Q1 2025.  

The government’s reduction in capex occurred at the same time as a drop in contract awards. According to regional projects tracker MEED Projects, there was a significant reduction in contract awards during Q1 2025.

There were $16.9bn of contract awards in the kingdom during Q1 2025, which includes private and public sector clients – including the Public Investment Fund (PIF) and its subsidiary development companies, as well as public-private partnership (PPP) projects.

The number of contract awards has also declined. According to MEED Projects, there were 108 contract awards during Q1 2025, which is down from 191 during Q1 2024 and 186 in Q4 2024.

Big deals

The largest project deal during Q1 2025 was the $2.2bn PPP deal awarded by Saudi Water Partnership Company (SWPC) to develop and operate the kingdom’s second independent water transmission pipeline (IWTP). The project involves building a 587-kilometre pipeline that can transmit 650,000 cubic metres a day of water between Jubail in the Eastern Province and Buraydah in the Qassim region. A developer team comprising local companies Aljomaih Energy & Water, Nesma Company and Buhur for Investment Company was selected for the project.

Only two other contract awards were valued at over $1bn. Saudi Aramco awarded Larsen & Toubro Energy Hydrocarbon, a subsidiary of India’s Larsen & Toubro Group, a $1.5bn contract to build a large-scale carbon capture and storage hub in Jubail Industrial City.

Gigaproject developer Diriyah Company awarded the other $1bn-plus deal. It awarded a joint venture of local firm El-Seif Engineering & Contracting, Beijing-headquartered China State Construction Engineering Corporation and Qatari firm Midmac Contracting a $1.3bn contract to build the Royal Diriyah Opera House.

The total value of contract awards in Q1 2025 was down by almost half compared to the $33.5bn of contract awards made during Q1 2024. On a quarterly basis, the drop is more than 60% compared to the $42.7bn of contract awards made during Q4 2024.

Budget deficit

For the broader economy, Saudi Arabia ran a deficit of SR58.7bn during Q1 2025, which was fully financed through borrowing, as there were no withdrawals from government reserves.

Public debt increased in both domestic and external components. Domestic debt closed at SR797bn, and external debt closed at SR531.7bn, indicating active debt management strategies to finance the deficit.

Most recently, the National Debt Management Centre announced the closure of its April 2025 issuance under the government’s Saudi riyal-denominated sukuk programme, with a total allocation amounting to SR3.710bn.

The sukuk issuance was structured into four distinct tranches to cater to varying investor needs. The first tranche, valued at SR1.315bn, is set to mature in 2029. The second tranche, amounting to SR80m, will mature in 2032. The third tranche, with a size of SR765m, is scheduled for maturity in 2036, while the fourth tranche, the largest at SR1.55bn, will mature in 2039.

In Q1 2025, total revenues reached SR263.6bn, with oil revenues accounting for SR149.8bn. This signifies a notable 18% decrease in oil revenues compared to the same period in 2024.

Also, oil income in the first quarter of this year accounted for 56% of total government revenues, down from 62% in the same period last year.

The slide in oil revenues is mainly due to lower crude oil prices, with the first quarter average for global benchmark Brent declining by 15% to around $75 a barrel compared to the same period in 2024.

Oil production

Oil production cuts by the Opec+ alliance also led to a fall in oil revenues for Saudi Arabia. The kingdom’s crude output declined by 1% in the first quarter to 8.95 million barrels a day (b/d), according to Opec data.

Saudi Arabia and Russia-led Opec+, however, began unwinding 2.2 million b/d of oil production cuts from April, with the coalition recently announcing a further output hike of 411,000 b/d in June. This move could result in an increased oil market share for Saudi Arabia, bringing in more oil revenues for the kingdom in the second quarter.

Non-oil revenues increased by 2%, reaching SR113.8bn, indicating some success in diversification efforts. Taxes on goods and services and other revenues contributed to this rise.

Total expenditures stood at SR322.3bn, which was a 5% increase on Q1 2024. Although capex decreased, other areas of spending increased.

Social spending

Notably, social benefits saw a significant 28% increase, reflecting the government’s commitment to social welfare programmes. Compensation of employees and use of goods and services also experienced increases.

For sectors, health and social development saw a 19% increase in actual expenditure compared to Q1 2024. This indicates a strong focus on these areas. Public administration also experienced a notable 14% increase.

Sectors such as municipal services and economic resources recorded slight decreases in spending.

The Finance Ministry report also provides insights into the government’s reserves and current account balances, with closing balances of SR393bn and SR91bn, respectively.


MEED’s April 2025 report on Saudi Arabia includes:

> GOVERNMENT: Riyadh takes the diplomatic initiative
> ECONOMY: Saudi Arabia’s non-oil economy forges onward
> BANKING:
 Saudi banks work to keep pace with credit expansion
> UPSTREAM: Saudi oil and gas spending to surpass 2024 level
> DOWNSTREAM: Aramco’s recalibrated chemical goals reflect realism
> POWER: Saudi power sector enters busiest year
> WATER: Saudi water contracts set another annual record
> CONSTRUCTION: Reprioritisation underpins Saudi construction
> TRANSPORT: Riyadh pushes ahead with infrastructure development
> DATABANK: Saudi Arabia’s growth trend heads up

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/13822355/main.gif
Colin Foreman
Related Articles
  • Houthi truce collapse widens Gulf risk map

    15 July 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    The Houthis’ declaration ending the de facto truce with Saudi Arabia has significantly increased the likelihood of renewed attacks on Red Sea shipping and regional infrastructure, broadening the threat environment beyond the Strait of Hormuz.

    S&P Global Market Intelligence says the 13 July exchange is best understood as a potential widening of the renewed US-Iran escalation cycle into the Yemen and Red Sea theatres.

    Houthi claims that Saudi Arabia was responsible for a strike on Sanaa International airport have not been independently confirmed. Saudi Arabia had not formally commented at the time the analysis was written.

    The Yemeni militant group is likely to use the incident as a trigger that allows it to justify renewed military action while aligning with Iran’s wider effort to impose costs on US and Gulf interests, according to the research firm.

    The decision to declare an end to de-escalation with Riyadh materially increases the likelihood of further missile and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) activity against infrastructure near the Yemen-Saudi border, as well as renewed pressure on maritime routes in the Red Sea and Bab Al-Mandab.

    Aviation exposure

    The resumption of direct hostilities broadens the range of vessels and ports likely to be subject to Houthi targeting, and presents severe risk to airports and stationary aircraft, S&P Global Market Intelligence says.

    While the Houthis would probably not intentionally down civilian aircraft, there is a significant risk to aircraft in flight, particularly at lower altitudes close to airports, due to incoming UAVs and missiles and interceptor activity.

    The broader risk is to regional logistics rather than any single target set, the analysis says.

    If escalation around the Strait of Hormuz coincides with renewed Houthi activity in the southern Red Sea, Bab Al-Mandab and the Gulf of Aden, commercial operators face a more complex dual-chokepoint environment, with the added likelihood that the Houthis will seek to target Hormuz bypass infrastructure across the Gulf.

    That would raise the likelihood of shipping delays, higher insurance costs, more conservative routing decisions and greater interest in alternative corridors or bypass routes.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17680608/main.jpg
    Colin Foreman
  • Saudi Downtown awards Al-Khobar infrastructure deal

    15 July 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Saudi Downtown Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Public Investment Fund (PIF), has awarded a contract for infrastructure works in downtown Al-Khobar.

    The contract was awarded to local contractor Ansab General Contracting Company.

    The scope of work includes the design and development of overall infrastructure, road networks and street lighting for the downtown Al-Khobar project.

    Saudi Downtown Company was officially launched in 2022 by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, who is also chairman of PIF.

    At the time, the company announced plans to develop downtown areas in 12 cities across the kingdom: Medina, Al-Khobar, Al-Ahsa, Buraidah, Najran, Jizan, Hail, Al-Baha, Arar, Taif, Dumat Al-Jandal and Tabuk.

    SDC’s mandate is to develop more than 10 million square metres of land across its projects

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17677176/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Saudi Arabia opens third round of gas-fired IPPs

    15 July 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Principal buyer Saudi Power Procurement Company (SPPC) has opened the qualification process for the third round of conventional independent power projects (IPPs) using combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) technology.

    The round is being tendered under the supervision of the Ministry of Energy. Each plant will be built with provision for carbon capture unit readiness, allowing the technology to be deployed at a later stage.

    Each project will be developed on a build-own-operate (BOO) basis, with the winning consortium taking 100% equity in a special purpose vehicle (SPV) set up to develop and operate the plant.

    Each SPV will sign a power purchase agreement with SPPC, which is licensed by the Saudi Electricity Regulatory Authority (SERA) to prepare preliminary studies, tender and award IPPs, and purchase electricity from energy projects in the kingdom.

    The programme forms part of Saudi Arabia’s Circular Carbon Economy approach, which underpins the energy sector element of the Vision 2030 strategy. Riyadh is displacing liquid fuels with natural gas in power generation to cut emissions intensity, while designing new plants so that carbon capture equipment can be retrofitted in support of national emissions targets.

    In April, Acwa and Saudi Energy (formerly Saudi Electricity Company) signed a 31-year power purchase agreement (PPA) with SPPC for the Rabigh 2 IPP expansion.

    The project involves the development of a CCGT plant in the Mecca region. It will have a total capacity of 2,313.5MW.

    The contract is valued at SR11.5bn ($3.07bn), the companies said in separate stock exchange filings.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17676286/main.jpg
    Colin Foreman
  • Dubai selects contractor for Al-Maktoum airport people mover

    15 July 2026

     

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Dubai Aviation Engineering Projects (DAEP) has selected a contractor to deliver the automated people-mover system as part of the first phase of the $35bn expansion of Al-Maktoum International airport.

    A team of Japan’s Mitsubishi Corporation and Indian contractor Larsen & Toubro is the selected contractor.

    The automated people-mover system will serve as a critical facility for operations at Al-Maktoum International airport. The system will run under the apron of the entire airfield and the airport’s terminals. It will consist of multiple tracks, taking passengers from the terminals to the concourses.

    Four underground stations will be built as part of the first phase. The overall plan includes 14 stations across the airport.

    The firms submitted the bids for the project in July last year, as MEED exclusively reported.

    The contract is the latest in a series of awards signed by DAEP recently. DAEP has awarded contracts valued at about AED13bn, with construction works currently under way on several airport packages.

    These include enabling works, the second runway, and the initial structural foundations for passenger terminals and gates.

    Upcoming awards

    In June, DAEP said that it will award contracts worth over AED55bn ($15bn) by the end of this year for construction works at Al-Maktoum International airport.

    The projects slated for contract awards include the substructure works for the Western Passenger Terminal, the fourth aircraft concourse building and the baggage handling system, in addition to the superstructure works for the Western Passenger Terminal and the first, second and third aircraft concourses.

    The packages also encompass long-span structural frameworks for buildings covering about 1.5 million square metres (sq m), infrastructure works for the southern airfield area, and power generation and district cooling plants supporting the construction programme.

    The award of the facade and roofing packages is also planned for this year.

    Construction progress

    In May last year, MEED exclusively reported that DAEP had awarded a AED1bn ($272m) deal to UAE firm Binladin Contracting Group to construct the second runway at the airport.

    The enabling works on the terminal were awarded to Abu Dhabi-based Tristar E&C.

    Construction on the project’s first phase is expected to be completed by 2032.

    Construction on substructure works began in November last year, when DAEP formally selected a contractor to deliver the package.

    The government approved the updated designs and timelines for its largest construction project in April 2024.

    In a statement, the authorities said the plan is for all operations from Dubai International airport to be transferred to Al-Maktoum International within 10 years.

    According to an official description on DAEP’s website, the expanded airport’s West Terminal will be a seven-level, 800,000 sq m facility with an annual capacity of 45 million passengers.

    It will be the second of three terminals at Al-Maktoum International airport.

    In September 2024, MEED exclusively reported that a team comprising Austria’s Coop Himmelb(l)au and Lebanon’s Dar Al-Handasah had been confirmed as the lead masterplanning and design consultants on the expansion of Al-Maktoum airport.

    The airport’s construction is planned to be undertaken in three phases. The airport will cover an area of 70 square kilometres south of Dubai and will have five parallel runways and 430 aircraft gates.

    It will be five times the size of the existing Dubai International airport and will have the world’s largest passenger-handling capacity of 260 million passengers a year. For cargo, it will have the capacity to handle 12 million tonnes a year.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17674721/main.png
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Chinese contractor wins Kuwait investment authority HQ

    15 July 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Beijing-headquartered China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) has won a contract to build the permanent headquarters of the Kuwait Direct Investment Promotion Authority (KDIPA).

    The contract covers the construction of a 275-metre, 55-storey office tower located in Kuwait City’s Sharq district. The project is expected to be completed by 2028.

    According to results published on the Kuwait Central Agency for Public Tenders (Capt) website, the firm initially submitted a bid of $233m, as MEED reported in January. The tender was issued on 19 October 2025 and bids were submitted on 18 November, MEED reported.

    The contract is the latest in a series of high-profile projects signed by CSCEC in the GCC region this year. Last month, it won a contract to deliver the Janadriyah cultural district at Qiddiya entertainment city on the outskirts of Riyadh. The contract was awarded by gigaproject developer Qiddiya Investment Company (QIC).

    The scope covers the construction of six structures, including a heritage building, a gateway hotel, a wadi hotel, a creative hub, a community centre and an open-air market.

    In June, MEED exclusively reported that QIC had awarded CSCEC a contract to build a new transport hub at Qiddiya entertainment city.

    The project is located within the resort core zone of the development.

    Kuwait market overview

    UK analytics firm GlobalData expects Kuwait’s construction industry to average annual growth of 4.9% in 2026-29, supported by government investment in renewable energy and transport infrastructure.

    In September 2025, Kuwait’s government allocated KD1.3bn ($4.2bn) for 141 projects, as part of its capital spending during the fiscal year 2025-26. This allocation was intended for 162 current projects and 17 new projects.

    According to government data, as of September 2025, the country had around 300 active projects, valued at about KD35.3bn ($115bn), with large infrastructure projects making up nearly half of that total.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17674440/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal