Oil and gas contractors feel interest rate pinch
24 February 2023
Commentary
Wil Crisp
Oil & gas reporter
Rising interest rates are eating into the profits of some contractors developing oil and gas projects in the Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region and are likely to force them to put up prices for clients.
Although contingent upon the agreed financing arrangements, higher interest rates will likely leave many contractors paying more to borrow the money they spend on project execution.
This month, the central banks of the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain raised their benchmark borrowing rates after the US Federal Reserve raised its key interest rate in its first policy decision of the year on 1 February.
GCC currencies, except for that of Kuwait, are pegged to the US dollar and therefore follow US monetary policy.
The Fed increased its policy rate by 25 basis points as it continued to push to bring inflation down towards its target range of 2 per cent and restore price stability.
This was the eighth rate increase since the US central bank started raising rates in March last year and pushed rates in the US to their highest since the 2008 financial crisis.
Rising interest rates have raised costs significantly for some contractors executing projects in the Mena region, dramatically reducing profit margins.
Contractors that have taken out loans to execute projects using a build-operate-transfer (BOT) contract model are among those hardest hit.
Under a BOT contract, a public entity grants a concession to a company to finance, build and operate a project.
The company usually deploys debt and equity upfront to build the project and then operates it over the long term to recoup its investment. It then transfers control of the project back to the public entity.
Because the company only usually starts paying off its loan gradually once the project is completed and the facility is operational, it can take many years to pay back. The higher interest rates are likely to significantly impact the contractor’s profits.
Contractors that have taken a loan to execute a project using the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract model are also likely to be negatively impacted by higher interest rates, but to a lesser extent.
This is because EPC contractors are usually fully paid for their work when the project is completed, allowing them to pay off their loan far more quickly than if a BOT contract model has been used.
The additional costs associated with higher rates are likely to be especially problematic for contractors wrestling with supply chain issues and higher material costs due to inflation.
For clients looking to tender major oil and gas projects, the higher interest rates could mean a project may see less enthusiasm from contractors if it tenders a contract using the BOT model.
If they use this model, they can also expect to see higher prices quoted as contractors try to pass on the cost of higher interest rates.
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The Ministry of Finance announced the approval on 5 August.
The new law aims to strengthen governance and transparency, improve procurement planning and implementation, and promote fairness and equal opportunities in government contracting.
The changes give government entities greater flexibility in procurement while introducing new provisions that could affect contractors and suppliers, including contract variations, outstanding payments and procurement procedures.
Contract flexibility
According to a Ministry of Finance summary of the key amendments, one of the main changes allows government entities to increase existing contract items by up to 20% of the contract value. Contractor approval is required for increases exceeding 10%, while the total increase from adding new items or increasing existing items cannot exceed 20% of the contract value.
The amendments also introduce measures addressing outstanding payments to contractors. A government entity cannot make a new award when it has outstanding amounts owed to contractors for works or procurement and the required procedures have not been taken, after notification from the Ministry of Finance.
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Single committee
Under the new law, the committees responsible for opening and examining bids will be merged into a single committee.
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The new framework includes provisions covering industrial localisation and knowledge transfer. The Ministry of Finance said it will issue rules for contracting for these purposes in cooperation with the Local Content and Government Procurement Authority.
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Other changes involve contractors’ exposure to penalties. The maximum delay penalty on contracts, excluding supply contracts, will fall from 20% to 15% of contract value. The maximum penalty for non-performance in continuous-performance contracts will also fall from 20% to 15%.
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GCC reviews first phase of water interconnection study17 August 2026
The GCC General Secretariat has completed the first phase of a study examining the feasibility of developing water interconnection projects between GCC member states.
A two-day workshop reviewing the study’s findings concluded on 12 August at the headquarters of the GCC Interconnection Authority (GCCIA) in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
The GCC General Secretariat organised the workshop in cooperation with GCCIA, with representatives from relevant authorities and experts in water, infrastructure and water security taking part.
Participants reviewed the first phase findings, including an assessment of existing water supply infrastructure and the actual water needs of GCC member states. They also discussed the technical requirements and data needed to complete the study.
The study is intended to identify practical options and feasible solutions for developing a regional water interconnection network. This includes establishing an implementation roadmap.
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First meeting
The workshop followed a virtual meeting on 22 July between the GCC General Secretariat and Saudi Arabia’s water authorities as part of the study.
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With the facility now moving into commissioning ahead of a targeted commercial operations date next year, Neom could soon give lenders and developers real evidence on the performance, costs and risks of a large-scale green hydrogen project.
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The project has brought in Germany’s EnBW as a co-developer and minority investor and Japan’s Itochu as a co-developer, investor and offtaker. Acwa is targeting production of 2.5 million tonnes a year of green ammonia from the hub.
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Five bid for King Salman Bay construction work17 August 2026

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The Al-Ghubar field is located in the Ghaba Salt Basin at Qarn Alam, within majority state-owned PDO’s Block 6 concession area.
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The Omani government holds a 60% stake in PDO through Energy Development Oman (EDO). The other shareholders are UK-based Shell (34%), France’s TotalEnergies (4%) and Thailand’s state-owned PTTEP (2%).
ALSO READ: PDO floats tender for major flare gas monetisation scheme
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