meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Rise in PPPs reflects Saudi budgetary pragmatism

7 March 2025

 

Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

The value of public-private partnership (PPP) contracts in Saudi Arabia has risen sharply over the past two years as the government seeks to develop projects through the private sector and diversify funding sources.

According to MEED Projects data, in 2023, the value of PPP concession contracts hit an all-time high of $28.2bn, equivalent to more than 23% of the total value of all project contracts awarded that year. Although that figure fell to 18.3% last year, it was still far higher than the historical average in the kingdom.


Source: MEED Projects

The figures are even starker when taking only government spending into account. In 2023, the value of signed PPP contracts totalled more than a third of the value of government or government-related projects awarded in 2023 and more than a quarter last year. This is compared to the average of 15.6% between 2019 and 2022, and just 3.5% recorded in 2018. 

Government contracts include awards made by ministries, municipalities and royal commissions, in addition to state-funded key project clients such as Saudi Water Authority, the National Housing Company and Jeddah Airports Company. Public Investment Fund (PIF) subsidiaries such as Neom, the National Water Company and Rua Al-Madinah are also included.

Reducing spending

The government increasingly views the development of projects through the PPP framework as a means of delivering strategic schemes like power and desalination plants off-balance sheet using private sector funding, thereby reducing its capital expenditure requirements. 

This has been particularly important as Riyadh’s financing commitments for its gigaprojects and infrastructure programmes have soared in line with its Saudi 2030 Vision. New contract awards overall in the kingdom reached $149bn, the highest ever recorded by a single country in the region and one of the largest globally.


*Government contracts include awards made by ministries, municipalities and royal commissions, in addition to state-managed key project clients such as Saudi Electricity Company, the National Housing Company and Jeddah Airports Company. Public Investment Fund (PIF) subsidiaries like Neom and Rua Al-Madinah are also included. Capital expenditure by Saudi Aramco is excluded from the analysis | Source: MEED Projects

Beyond utilities

PPPs have been used in Saudi Arabia and the wider GCC region for over two decades, but have been mainly limited to power generation and water desalination plants, where the developer benefits from guaranteed take-or-pay power-purchase agreements that eliminate demand risk.

However, over the past three years, the government has successfully implemented PPPs in a number of new sectors, including education and healthcare, to finance, build and operate schools and hospitals. Forthcoming PPP projects include the estimated $2.5bn Asir-Jizan highway, which would be the first road concession in the GCC, and the multibillion-dollar contract to develop the expansion of Abha International airport.

The NCP is expected to add dozens more PPPs to its future pipeline to relieve the state’s financial burden and to stimulate the private sector’s involvement in the local projects market 

Outside the utilities sector, the body responsible for pushing the PPP agenda is the National Centre for Privatisation (NCP). It has more than 170 PPPs in the pipeline, covering long-term concession agreements in projects as diverse as municipal laboratories, television and radio tower infrastructure, court complexes and logistics zones.

As capital expenditure continues to increase, the NCP is expected to add dozens more PPPs to its future pipeline to relieve the state’s financial burden and to stimulate the private sector’s involvement in the local projects market.

Gigaproject delivery

The gigaproject development companies will likely follow a similar path. Off-grid developers Neom and Red Sea Global have both signed utilities concessions with the private sector for their power, desalination, water treatment and district cooling requirements, with the former also contracting companies to build and operate labour accommodation.

Going forward, other PIF developer subsidiaries like New Murabba Development Company (NMDC), Diriyah Company, Roshn Group and King Salman International Airport Development Company are attempting to harness the private sector for a number of their project components. 

NMDC, for example, will seek companies over the next five years to finance and operate its water treatment, power, district cooling, waste collection, telecommunication, secondary roads, street lighting, social infrastructure and EV charging infrastructure requirements under its partnership strategy. 

The use of PPP contractual frameworks will be critical to ensure delivery of the gigaprojects as soaring construction costs have resulted in delays to the programme and put a strain on the PIF and government’s finances. 

Growing appetite

Power and water production schemes aside, it remains to be seen whether the private sector and banks will have the appetite to take on the investment risk these projects will entail, especially if they do not come with government guarantees, explicit or otherwise.

However, the experience to date suggests that there is a big appetite in the private sector – at least locally – to take on an expanded role in absorbing some of the state’s financing burden. Whether this will remain the case as the PPP pipeline continues to grow will be key to Saudi Arabia’s project and 2030 Vision ambitions.

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/13466076/main.gif
Edward James

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • UAE and Turkiye ties deepen

    4 July 2025

    Commentary
    Colin Foreman
    Editor

    Read the July issue of MEED Business Review

    The growing trade volumes between the UAE and Turkiye involve a mix of competition and collaboration across various sectors. 

    One area of competition is aviation. Turkish Airlines has emerged as a major global player over the past 20 years, with its network now covering more countries than any other airline.

    Turkiye’s aviation sector entered a new era in 2019 when Istanbul Grand airport opened. The first phase has the capacity to handle 90 million passengers a year, and the plan is for the capacity to reach 200 million once later phases are completed. 

    The airport’s globally strategic location combined with its large and expandable capacity will give Turkiye’s aviation
    sector an edge over its competitors in the Gulf over the next decade as construction starts on major airports, including Dubai and Riyadh. 

    While competition is evident, Turkish Airlines insists there is enough room for it and the Gulf airlines to grow as the centre of gravity for global aviation shifts from west to east.

    On a macro level, the UAE and Turkiye are complementary economies

    Beyond aviation, the trade relationship encompasses a wide range of sectors, including defence, logistics and construction. Over the past two years, Turkish contractors have secured significant contracts in the UAE. Turkish construction companies are now exporting the experience they have gained on projects in Turkiye to the UAE, as major government- backed infrastructure projects that include airports and railways move into tendering. 

    At the same time, UAE investments in Turkiye’s energy and financial sectors are growing, with notable examples including Emirates NBD’s investment in DenizBank and International Holding Company’s investment in Kalyon Energy. 

    These investments show that on a macro level, the UAE and Turkiye are complementary economies, with each holding a different mix of resources, capital and expertise. The strategic location of both countries amplifies the business case for trade even further.

    READ THE JULY 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    UAE and Turkiye expand business links; Renewed hope lies on the horizon for trouble-beset Levant region; Gulf real estate momentum continues even as concerns emerge

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > PROJECTS MARKET: GCC projects market collapses
    > GULF PROJECTS INDEX: Gulf projects index continues climb
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14201376/main.gif
    Colin Foreman
  • Building on UAE-Turkiye trade

    4 July 2025

    This package on UAE-Turkiye relations also includes:

    > UAE-Turkiye trade gains momentum
    > Turkiye’s Kalyon goes global
    > UAE-Turkiye financial links strengthen
    > Turkish Airlines plans further growth

     

    The UAE-Turkiye Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (Cepa) that came into effect in September 2023 has already exceeded expectations. 

    Non-oil trade between the UAE and Turkiye grew by 11.5% in 2024, reaching a total of $40.5bn. This milestone surpasses a target of the Cepa three years earlier than planned. As a result, Turkiye is now the UAE’s fourth-largest non-oil trading partner, rising from seventh place in 2021.

    Trade between the UAE and Turkiye is growing strongly, with both countries increasingly viewed as strategic hubs for accessing broader markets. 

    The growth story builds on already established business links between the two countries. 

    “UAE-based companies and funds are already very active in Turkiye,” says Burak Daglioglu, president of the investment and finance office of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkiye. 

    “Firms like DP World and others in private equity and venture capital are playing a key role.”

    Strengthening ties

    Since the Cepa was signed in 2023, bilateral investment has accelerated, with Turkish companies also expanding into the UAE. 

    “That’s the mark of a healthy relationship,” he says. “When it’s balanced and bilateral, it’s more sustainable.”

    He adds that companies in both countries see the other not just as a market, but as a hub. “UAE firms use Turkiye to access Europe and Central Asia; Turkish firms use the UAE to reach Asia and Africa. This creates a complementary strategy for both sides.”

    In the energy sector, the focus is on renewables, with UAE firms eyeing major solar and wind projects in Turkiye. “We have huge potential in renewables, and there are ongoing talks with UAE investors,” says Daglioglu.

    In technology, Turkiye is emerging as a regional player in artificial intelligence (AI), financial technology (fintech), and healthcare technology.

    “Our infrastructure is increasingly AI-ready,” he says. “We have data centres, renewable power sources and connectivity. 

    “We also have a robust startup ecosystem, with early-stage funding rising from under $100m a decade ago to over $1bn today.”

    Defence is another key area of cooperation. “There are some ongoing projects in the defence sector between Turkiye and the UAE,” Daglioglu says. “It’s better not to name names at this stage, but it’s a promising area.”

    Venture capital (VC) is also playing an important role in promoting regional innovation. “Ten years ago, the startup scene was nascent. Now, it’s a cornerstone of our investment strategy. Dubai, as a regional VC hub, has been instrumental.”

    To support this growth, Turkiye has developed local VC legislation and attracted international funds, including those from Saudi Arabia, UAE family offices and corporate investors. A joint UAE-Turkiye technology fund worth $300m is also nearing finalisation. 

    “It’s not just about exits anymore. Turkish startups are scaling regionally and globally, with Dubai often serving as their capital and client gateway.”

    Turkiye is also a major industrial hub and, with a population of 85 million, has extensive human resources. “We have the talent, the infrastructure and the resilience,” he says. 

    “From automotive and mobility to chemicals and energy storage, we are expanding our industrial base.”

    We have huge potential in renewables, and there are ongoing talks with UAE investors

    Looking ahead

    Turkiye’s trade with the UAE and the rest of the GCC could be enhanced even further with the Development Road project, which is a 1,200-kilometre highway and railway linking Iraq’s southern Faw Port to Europe through Turkiye. 

    “The Development Road will not happen overnight – it’s a long-term, complex undertaking,” Daglioglu says. “But its impact will be global. Reducing shipping lead times between Asia and Europe by up to a week is hugely significant in today’s fast-moving markets.”

    Designed to connect the Gulf to Europe through Turkiye, the Development Road includes a high-speed rail network for both cargo and passengers, as well as a parallel motorway.

    For Daglioglu, the Development Road corridor offers Turkiye, the UAE and the GCC  states another platform for economic diversification.

    “This is more than a transport project, it’s a regional realignment,” he says. 

    “It will unlock a flow of goods, people, capital and data. Fibre infrastructure can run alongside the rail and motorway, creating a dual-purpose corridor that will support our AI and digital economy ambitions.”

    Historically, Turkiye has been well integrated with northern markets in Europe. Due to years of conflict in Iraq and Syria, however, its southern connectivity has lagged. 

    The Development Road, along with recent discussions to reopen direct links with Syria, offers opportunities for southern expansion.

    “We have invested heavily in northern logistics. Now, it’s time to strengthen our southern corridor,” Daglioglu says. “The Development Road could finally make direct access to the GCC markets a reality.”

    The corridor could also open up new avenues for digital infrastructure, such as subsea cables and terrestrial fibre,
    further linking the region’s digital economies.

    “This could be the basis for a digital Silk Road, supporting everything from AI to fintech.” 

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14201047/main.gif
    Colin Foreman
  • Firms submit Diriyah’s Radisson Red superblock prequalifications

    4 July 2025

     

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Saudi gigaproject developer Diriyah Company has received prequalification statements from firms interested in constructing the upcoming Radisson Red superblock in the second phase of the Diriyah Gate development (DG2).

    The prequalification notice was issued on 11 June, and submissions were made on 22 June.

    The Radisson Red superblock consists of a hotel, residential apartments, retail facilities, commercial office spaces and a park.

    The project is situated in the Boulevard East district, between King Khalid Road and the Grand Boulevard in Diriyah.

    The project is the latest in a series of other superblocks that are expected to be floated to the market this year, including the Waldorf Astoria superblock, Edition superblock and Pendry superblock.

    Diriyah tendered a contract in April to build the new iconic museum in the DG2 area. 

    The same month, MEED exclusively reported that the client had awarded an estimated SR4bn ($1.1bn) contract for a utilities relocation package for the King Saud University (KSU) project located in DG2.

    The contract was awarded to the joint venture of Beijing-headquartered China Railway Construction Corporation and China Railway Construction Group Central Plain Construction Company.

    Also in April, MEED reported that the company had awarded an estimated SR5bn ($1.3bn) construction deal to build the Royal Diriyah Opera House.

    The contract was awarded to a joint venture of local firm El-Seif Engineering & Contracting, Beijing-headquartered China State Construction Engineering Corporation and Qatari firm Midmac Contracting.

    Tendering activity is also progressing on several other major schemes at Diriyah, including the King Khalid Road project, which passes through the development. The client received bids from firms in the second week of April for the main construction works on this project.

    The client is also expected to finalise the contract award shortly for the Arena Block assets in the Boulevard Southwest section in the DG2 area.

    Diriyah gigaproject

    The Diriyah masterplan envisages the city as a cultural and lifestyle tourism destination. Located northwest of Riyadh’s city centre, it will cover 14 square kilometres and combine 300 years of history, culture and heritage with hospitality facilities.

    The company awarded several significant contracts last year, including three contracts worth over SR21bn ($5.5bn). These included an estimated $2bn contract awarded to a joint venture of El-Seif Engineering & Contracting and China State to build the North Cultural District.

    In July last year, Diriyah also awarded a $2.1bn package to a joint venture of local contractor Albawani and Qatar’s Urbacon to construct assets in the Wadi Safar district of the gigaproject.

    Then in December, Diriyah Company awarded an estimated SR5.8bn ($1.5bn) contract to local firm Nesma & Partners for its Jabal Al-Qurain Avenue cultural district, located in the northern district of the Diriyah Gate project.

    Once complete, Diriyah will have the capacity to accommodate 100,000 residents and visitors.

    READ THE JULY 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    UAE and Turkiye expand business links; Renewed hope lies on the horizon for trouble-beset Levant region; Gulf real estate momentum continues even as concerns emerge

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > PROJECTS MARKET: GCC projects market collapses
    > GULF PROJECTS INDEX: Gulf projects index continues climb
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14200629/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Court rules against Petrofac restructuring plans

    4 July 2025

    An appeals court in the UK has upheld an appeal against Petrofac’s restructuring plans, increasing uncertainty about the UK-based engineering company’s future.

    The appeal was brought by Italy’s Saipem and South Korea’s Samsung E&A.

    The ruling against the restructuring plans comes less than two months after Petrofac received formal approval from the High Court of England & Wales to implement its restructuring plan.

    Petrofac previously said that its restructuring plan would unlock $355m in new funding for its operations.

    Petrofac said on 1 July that the appeal was upheld “on narrow grounds associated with the terms of the 'new money' financing and the evidence provided in support of it”, that had previously been accepted by the High Court.

    The company said that all other grounds of appeal were unsuccessful.

    It added that it was “carefully studying” the detailed judgment and would discuss with key stakeholders its implications and potential routes forward.

    The company’s shares were suspended from trading on the UK stock exchange at the end of April due to Petrofac’s failure to publish its 2024 financial results on time.

    Wood Group, another UK-based engineering company that is active in the Middle East and North Africa region, also saw its shares suspended on the same day, for the same reason.

    In January this year, Petrofac announced that it had reached a binding agreement with its creditors.

    Petrofac has been struggling with financial problems since its share price collapsed in December 2023.

    READ THE JULY 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    UAE and Turkiye expand business links; Renewed hope lies on the horizon for trouble-beset Levant region; Gulf real estate momentum continues even as concerns emerge

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > PROJECTS MARKET: GCC projects market collapses
    > GULF PROJECTS INDEX: Gulf projects index continues climb
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14200679/main.jpg
    Wil Crisp
  • King Salman airport sets July deadline for fourth runway bids

    4 July 2025

     

    King Salman International Airport Development Company (KSIADC) has allowed firms until 8 July to bid for the design-and-build of the fourth runway at King Salman International airport (KSIA) in Riyadh.

    The tender was floated on 17 April. The previous bid submission deadline was 17 June.

    It is understood that the third and fourth runways will add to the two existing runways at Riyadh’s King Khalid International airport, which will eventually become part of KSIA.

    KSIADC, which is backed by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund, prequalified firms in September last year for the main engineering, procurement and construction packages; early and enabling works; specialist systems and integration; specialist systems, materials and equipment; engineering and design; professional services; health, safety, security, environment and wellbeing services; modular installation and prefabrication; local content; and environmental, social and governance and other services.

    The entire scheme is divided into eight assets. These are:

    • Iconic Terminal
    • Terminal 6
    • Private aviation terminal 
    • Central runway and temporary apron
    • Hangars
    • Landside transport
    • Cargo buildings
    • Real estate

    In August last year, KSIADC confirmed it had signed up several architectural and design firms for the various elements of the project.

    UK-based Foster+Partners will design the airport’s masterplan, including the terminals, six runways and a multi-asset real estate area.

    US-based engineering firm Jacobs will provide specialist consultancy services for the masterplan and the design of the new runways.

    UK-based engineering firm Mace was appointed as the project’s delivery partner, and local firm Nera was awarded the airspace design consultancy contract.

    Project scale

    The project covers an area of about 57 square kilometres (sq km), allowing for six parallel runways, and will include the existing terminals at King Khalid International airport. It will also include 12 sq km of airport support facilities, residential and recreational facilities, retail outlets and other logistics real estate.

    If the project is completed on time in 2030, it will become the world’s largest operating airport in terms of passenger capacity, according to UK analytics firm GlobalData.

    The airport aims to accommodate up to 120 million passengers by 2030 and 185 million by 2050. The goal for cargo is to process 3.5 million tonnes a year by 2050.

    Saudi Arabia plans to invest $100bn in its aviation sector. Riyadh’s Saudi Aviation Strategy, announced by the General Authority of Civil Aviation (Gaca), aims to triple Saudi Arabia’s annual passenger traffic to 330 million travellers by 2030.

    It also aims to increase air cargo traffic to 4.5 million tonnes and raise the country’s total air connections to more than 250 destinations. 

    READ THE JULY 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    UAE and Turkiye expand business links; Renewed hope lies on the horizon for trouble-beset Levant region; Gulf real estate momentum continues even as concerns emerge

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > PROJECTS MARKET: GCC projects market collapses
    > GULF PROJECTS INDEX: Gulf projects index continues climb
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14200608/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal