Rise in PPPs reflects Saudi budgetary pragmatism
7 March 2025

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The value of public-private partnership (PPP) contracts in Saudi Arabia has risen sharply over the past two years as the government seeks to develop projects through the private sector and diversify funding sources.
According to MEED Projects data, in 2023, the value of PPP concession contracts hit an all-time high of $28.2bn, equivalent to more than 23% of the total value of all project contracts awarded that year. Although that figure fell to 18.3% last year, it was still far higher than the historical average in the kingdom.

Source: MEED Projects
The figures are even starker when taking only government spending into account. In 2023, the value of signed PPP contracts totalled more than a third of the value of government or government-related projects awarded in 2023 and more than a quarter last year. This is compared to the average of 15.6% between 2019 and 2022, and just 3.5% recorded in 2018.
Government contracts include awards made by ministries, municipalities and royal commissions, in addition to state-funded key project clients such as Saudi Water Authority, the National Housing Company and Jeddah Airports Company. Public Investment Fund (PIF) subsidiaries such as Neom, the National Water Company and Rua Al-Madinah are also included.
Reducing spending
The government increasingly views the development of projects through the PPP framework as a means of delivering strategic schemes like power and desalination plants off-balance sheet using private sector funding, thereby reducing its capital expenditure requirements.
This has been particularly important as Riyadh’s financing commitments for its gigaprojects and infrastructure programmes have soared in line with its Saudi 2030 Vision. New contract awards overall in the kingdom reached $149bn, the highest ever recorded by a single country in the region and one of the largest globally.

*Government contracts include awards made by ministries, municipalities and royal commissions, in addition to state-managed key project clients such as Saudi Electricity Company, the National Housing Company and Jeddah Airports Company. Public Investment Fund (PIF) subsidiaries like Neom and Rua Al-Madinah are also included. Capital expenditure by Saudi Aramco is excluded from the analysis | Source: MEED Projects
Beyond utilities
PPPs have been used in Saudi Arabia and the wider GCC region for over two decades, but have been mainly limited to power generation and water desalination plants, where the developer benefits from guaranteed take-or-pay power-purchase agreements that eliminate demand risk.
However, over the past three years, the government has successfully implemented PPPs in a number of new sectors, including education and healthcare, to finance, build and operate schools and hospitals. Forthcoming PPP projects include the estimated $2.5bn Asir-Jizan highway, which would be the first road concession in the GCC, and the multibillion-dollar contract to develop the expansion of Abha International airport.
The NCP is expected to add dozens more PPPs to its future pipeline to relieve the state’s financial burden and to stimulate the private sector’s involvement in the local projects market
Outside the utilities sector, the body responsible for pushing the PPP agenda is the National Centre for Privatisation (NCP). It has more than 170 PPPs in the pipeline, covering long-term concession agreements in projects as diverse as municipal laboratories, television and radio tower infrastructure, court complexes and logistics zones.
As capital expenditure continues to increase, the NCP is expected to add dozens more PPPs to its future pipeline to relieve the state’s financial burden and to stimulate the private sector’s involvement in the local projects market.
Gigaproject delivery
The gigaproject development companies will likely follow a similar path. Off-grid developers Neom and Red Sea Global have both signed utilities concessions with the private sector for their power, desalination, water treatment and district cooling requirements, with the former also contracting companies to build and operate labour accommodation.
Going forward, other PIF developer subsidiaries like New Murabba Development Company (NMDC), Diriyah Company, Roshn Group and King Salman International Airport Development Company are attempting to harness the private sector for a number of their project components.
NMDC, for example, will seek companies over the next five years to finance and operate its water treatment, power, district cooling, waste collection, telecommunication, secondary roads, street lighting, social infrastructure and EV charging infrastructure requirements under its partnership strategy.
The use of PPP contractual frameworks will be critical to ensure delivery of the gigaprojects as soaring construction costs have resulted in delays to the programme and put a strain on the PIF and government’s finances.
Growing appetite
Power and water production schemes aside, it remains to be seen whether the private sector and banks will have the appetite to take on the investment risk these projects will entail, especially if they do not come with government guarantees, explicit or otherwise.
However, the experience to date suggests that there is a big appetite in the private sector – at least locally – to take on an expanded role in absorbing some of the state’s financing burden. Whether this will remain the case as the PPP pipeline continues to grow will be key to Saudi Arabia’s project and 2030 Vision ambitions.
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Egypt’s crisis mode gives way to cautious revival26 February 2026
Commentary
John Bambridge
Analysis editorIn the past three years, Egypt has faced pressures that would test any market, with collapsed staple revenues, currency volatility and escalating debt pushing it to the fiscal brink. Yet if 2023 and 2024 were years of crisis management, 2025 was a year of economic policy and geopolitical realignment.
Egypt’s foreign policy has always been rooted in pragmatism, but mounting economic fragility has sharpened that instinct. In 2022, Cairo faced just one geopolitical fracas on its borders: Libya. Since 2023 – amid the emergence of conflicts in Sudan and Israel-Palestine – the Egyptian government has become the unwilling inheritor of instability along all three of its land borders. This has eaten into regional trade and Egypt’s stake in it.
In response, Cairo has retrenched around a few simple principles: insulating the domestic economy from geopolitical shocks, preserving internal stability, and leveraging Egypt’s strategic location and role in the region’s security architecture to pursue a more transactional foreign policy. This is inseparable from Egypt’s quest to restore macroeconomic credibility after successive devaluations and inflationary pressure. External actors, meanwhile, see Egypt as too vital a regional lynchpin to fail; US-based funds and Gulf governments have moved quickly to help stabilise Cairo’s finances.
Looking ahead, Egypt’s stated ambition is to move back towards a more routine, predictable monetary policy framework by 2027, with an inflation target of 7% by Q4 2026. This is as much about signalling as substance, but so far investors appear to be buying it. The oil and gas sector is showing renewed momentum, supported by upstream incentives and improved payment discipline towards international operators. Utility infrastructure contracts, meanwhile, reached a decade-high $5bn in 2025, dominated by renewable energy schemes. The water sector is also full of potential, with projects worth about $4.5bn at the prequalification or bid stage.
Beyond energy and utilities, coastal real estate is re-emerging as a hotspot, driven by huge new masterplans across the Mediterranean and Red Sea, supported by public and private entities in the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Qatar. These foreign-backed schemes offer a welcome counterweight to the slowdown in domestically financed projects and are a boon for a construction market that has otherwise cooled.
Egypt remains highly fiscally vulnerable. However, if Cairo can maintain disciplined economic management and continue to use foreign policy pragmatism to secure investment and financial support from its neighbours and the international community, it may yet convert today’s fiscal strain into the foundation for a genuinely investable future.

MEED’s March 2026 report on Egypt includes:
> GOVERNMENT: Egypt adapts its foreign policy approach
> ECONOMY & BANKING: Egypt nears return to economic stability
> OIL & GAS: Egypt’s oil and gas sector shows bright spots
> POWER & WATER: Egypt utility contracts hit $5bn decade peak
> CONSTRUCTION: Coastal destinations are a boon to Egyptian constructionTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15717634/main.gif -
February 2026: Data drives regional projects26 February 2026
Click here to download the PDF
Includes: Commodity tracker | Construction risk | Brent Spot Price | Construction output
MEED’s March 2026 report on Egypt includes:
> COMMENT: Crisis gives way to cautious revival
> GOVERNMENT: Egypt adapts its foreign policy approach
> ECONOMY & BANKING: Egypt nears return to economic stability
> OIL & GAS: Egypt’s oil and gas sector shows bright spots
> POWER & WATER: Egypt utility contracts hit $5bn decade peak
> CONSTRUCTION: Coastal destinations are a boon to Egyptian constructionTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15781010/main.gif -
Lessons learnt from a power plant decommissioning26 February 2026

Al-Kamil power plant, a 280MW, gas-fired power plant in the Sharqiya region of Oman, was recently decommissioned following nearly 20 years of operations as the country’s second independent power plant.
The plant reached commercial operation in 2002, at which time it started to supply electricity to Nama Power & Water Procurement Company under a 15-year power purchase agreement that was later extended to the end of 2021. No further extension was granted so, in 2022, the decommissioning process was initiated.
Al-Kamil power plant was one of the first privately owned power plants in Oman to be decommissioned. The entire process took significantly longer than planned – three years compared to an initial target of 12 months. This was not unexpected, however, as there were not yet any standard processes to follow. Everything was being done for the first time, and proper procedures had to be established.
Starting decommissioning
The decommissioning of a power plant is a complex process and can take as much time to complete as it takes to build a plant. It involves environmental considerations, health and safety protocols, detailed surveys, de-energisation, dismantling, demolition, waste management and the segregation and storage of secondary valuables.
Careful planning and management are essential to ensure that decommissioning is accomplished safely, cost-effectively and in accordance with all government environmental standards.Consulting on the decommissioning of Al-Kamil were Dubai’s Golden Sands Marketing Consulting (GSMC), appointed in 2021, alongside Abu Dhabi’s Sustainable Water & Power Company (SWPC) and Dubai’s Tractebel Engineering Company (TEC).
One of the first steps that GSMC undertook was to prepare a master plan covering the entire decommissioning process (see right).
A site investigation was undertaken by GSMC and SWPC early in the process to determine the condition of the power assets and the overall site.
The Al-Kamil power plant was found to have been well maintained, with no major health, safety, security and environment (HSSE) issues.
SWPC prepared the dismantling guidelines covering all plant equipment, and these were reviewed by TEC. The guidelines covered three main phases: the shut down and isolation of all assets; the de-
energisation process; and the dismantling of the plant equipment, its removal from site and the demolition of all remaining civil works.GSMC designed a sales strategy for the plant equipment, taking into consideration the secondary market for power-related equipment, as well as the scrap market in Oman. A competitive procurement process was also followed in an effort to maximise sales revenues from plant equipment.
A separate tender was issued to appoint a demolition contractor to remove the remaining civil works, and once this work was complete, a local environmental engineering company undertook a final environmental report to demonstrate that the site was properly cleared and ready for handover to the original owner, the Housing & Urban Planning Ministry.
Final results
The decommissioning project went well in terms of HSSE considerations, with no fatalities, no lost-time injuries and no first aid injuries over the more than 243,000 total workhours at the site.
There were no material environmental spills or incidents to report, and all above- and below-ground structures were demolished and safely removed from the site in accordance with local requirements.
The final environmental report, completed just before handover, showed that the site was effectively in the same condition as it was when originally taken over at the start of construction.
The decommissioning was also successful from a financial perspective, as revenues from the sale of plant equipment and diesel fuel were beyond what was required to cover the costs associated with the decommissioning process.
Lessons learnt
Many lessons were learnt during the process that can benefit future power plant decommissioning efforts in the region.
> Notify key stakeholders early: Key stakeholders are those that have a vested interest in the project, either through ownership of certain assets on site, such as grid connection assets, or via regulation, such as the environmental authority. Many of these stakeholders take time to respond, so notifying key stakeholders early in the process can ensure that unnecessary delays are avoided.
> Prioritise HSSE: For any future decommissioning project, HSSE must be a top priority, and this should be the focus throughout the entire decommissioning process – at all levels of work and management.
The site manager at Al-Kamil installed a 24/7 closed-circuit television camera, which proved to be extremely effective in terms of monitoring progress and identifying potential HSSE issues before they became an incident. This simple and cost-effective practice should be replicated for all future decommissioning projects.
> Appoint the environmental consultant early in the process: It is advisable to appoint an environmental consultant early in the process. The consultant is needed to coordinate activities with the local environmental authority and obtain a no-objection letter or certificate, complete an environmental management report and an update of the environmental impact assessment, which includes an environmental baseline.
Ideally, these reports and environmental authority approvals should be completed well before any work is under way at the site. This information is also useful to potential bidders for the sale of equipment, or to contractors involved in the dismantling and demolition process.
> Submit an environmental management plan for approval: It is unlikely that any environmental authority will provide a no-objection letter or certificate without reviewing the environmental plan. It is therefore necessary to complete the plan early, prior to informing the environmental authority. This can minimise potential delays in starting the decommissioning process.
As a general practice, an environmental consultant should be brought on board early in the process, ideally once the overall master plan is approved by the company.
> Establish a proactive steering committee: This was done at Al-Kamil and proved to be effective when it came to overseeing project progress and dealing with issues as they arose. Certain members of the steering committee visited the site regularly and undertook spot HSSE inspections.
At Al-Kamil, the overall decommissioning was relatively straightforward as the plant was in a remote area. However, decommissioning a power plant in a busier location, or when part of the power plant remains in operation, is more challenging. Under these circumstances, a steering committee is vital.
> Set realistic delivery and completion timelines: Decommissioning a power plant is a complex process. The initial timeline to complete the process for Al-Kamil was one year, which was the best estimate at the time as there were no benchmarks or references in Oman. However, the actual completion time turned out to be three years – longer than the approximately 2.5 years it took to build the plant, from the start of construction in early 2001 to full commercial operation in July 2003.
Realistic delivery dates should be set for contractors, suppliers and others involved in the decommissioning process. This is likely to result in better pricing, as bidders tend to factor in higher contingencies with shorter or fast-track delivery dates. More realistic delivery dates also help management to allocate staff resources and manage the decommissioning budget.
Finally, realistic delivery dates help to manage owner and shareholder expectations regarding project completion.
Given the experience with Al-Kamil, a reasonable decommissioning timeline for a power plant is probably close to the actual construction timeline for the plant involved.
> Allow time to maximise revenues from the sale of assets: The market value for Al-Kamil’s power assets was estimated at a value significantly higher than the prevailing scrap value. This was based in part on the value of similar gas turbine units, after adjusting for age, usage and other factors that affect the net market value. However, the company realised a much lower value, even after retendering the equipment sales in an effort to get a better price.
It appears that prices close to the market rate are only achievable if there is time to find a suitable buyer. This can take many months or even years – typically a longer time than the owners of power plants wish to take.
Moreover, as renewables continue to penetrate the market, there is less worldwide demand for used gas turbine units. Prevailing market supply and demand conditions also have a bearing on the sale price for secondary equipment, and this factor needs to be considered.
If time is of the essence, then power plant owners need to accept the fact that the expected revenues will likely be on the low side, although still higher than the scrap value of the assets.
Main image: Picture 1: Al-Kamil power plant as constructed; Picture 2: Post decommissioning
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Abu Dhabi’s Enersol charts acquisitions path26 February 2026

With about half of its $1.5bn seed capital still available to deploy, Abu Dhabi- based oil and gas drilling services firm Enersol is firmly on a growth trajectory driven by acquisitions. Since its establishment in November 2023 as a 51:49 joint venture of Adnoc Drilling – a subsidiary of Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc Group) – and holding company Alpha Dhabi, Enersol has pursued inorganic growth as its core expansion strategy.
Having completed four key acquisitions to date, Enersol is now targeting opportunities that will not only expand its portfolio but also enhance the value of its offerings to customers, says the company’s CEO, Dean Watson.“The unifying theme that we want to focus on is around the production side of what we call the well lifecycle. Why is that important? For investors it is super important because that’s where we get to the opex [operating expenditure] side, moving away from capex [capital expenditure], achieving completions and recurring revenues. So, with the potential target acquisitions, that’s where we’re focused on,” Watson explains.
“We think that they [future acquisitions] are going to unify and anchor our current portfolio,” he tells MEED in an interview.
“We have a lot of dry powder to spend. We have identified targets that we want to go after. We are pursuing a few targets,” Watson says, without revealing details. “With the targets we are after, we want to make sure that they’ve got a presence here in the UAE and Mena. We’re also looking for a global footprint.”
Completed acquisitions
Enersol became the majority shareholder in US oil and gas drilling firm Gordon Technologies in 2024, acquiring a 67.2% stake through two transactions with a combined value of $387m.
Louisiana-based Gordon Technologies provides measurement while drilling (MWD) technology. MWD technology captures critical data near the drill bit and transmits it to the surface in real time without interrupting normal drilling operations.
“Gordon Technologies are number one in North America, by a long way, in terms of market share percentage. It’s quite amazing how big that difference is in terms of how much they dominate [in] North America,” Watson says about the rationale behind Enersol acquiring the majority stake.
Enersol then initiated a $58m transaction in July 2024 to acquire a 51% majority stake in UAE-based oil and gas services provider NTS Amega from Alpha Dhabi.
“NTS Amega is a manufacturing business with a rental component,” Watson explains. “It manufactures a product and rents out a portion of it. What excites us about NTS Amega is its potential to serve as our manufacturing backbone, helping to strengthen and promote our in-country value, as it is based and originated in the UAE.”
In August of the same year, Enersol started a transaction to fully acquire US-headquartered EV Holdings Limited, paying $45m to UK-based private equity firm Dunedin for 100% of the company’s shares.
EV Holdings has a significant technology portfolio, with more than 100 pieces of intellectual property, primarily patents. It is a highly technical company that generates vast amounts of data, Watson explains.
Aligned with Enersol’s focus on technology leadership, EV is the number one provider of downhole camera technology in oil field services. It therefore meets what Watson calls “the key investment criteria we are looking for”.
In November 2024, Enersol entered into a $223m deal to acquire a 95% equity stake in US-based Deep Well Services (DWS).
The acquisition, which was completed in the first quarter of 2025, gives Enersol access to DWS’s hydraulic completion units, complemented by its data analytics software, BoreSite, as well as accredited training programmes designed to enhance operational safety and efficiency.
We have a lot of dry powder to spend. We have identified targets that we want to go after. We are pursuing a few targets
Dean Watson, EnersolSecuring contracts
Enersol is seeking to leverage the suite of capabilities and technologies it has acquired to secure oil field services contracts in the UAE and the wider regional market, Watson says.
“We’re very excited about being part of the Adnoc ecosystem. Gordon Technologies, through Turnwell, has just completed its first batch of wells and is currently working on the Turnwell project,” the Enersol CEO says, adding: “Gordon is the MWD provider on that project.”
Adnoc Drilling signed a term sheet in 2024 to enter into a partnership with the Middle East arm of US oil field services provider SLB and US firm Patterson-UTI International Holdings to form a new company called Turnwell Industries.
In May of that year, Adnoc Drilling was awarded a major contract, worth about $1.7bn, by its parent Adnoc Group, to provide drilling and associated services for the recovery of unconventional oil and gas resources. Work on this contract is being executed by Turnwell. The broad scope of work on the contract covers drilling and appraisal of 144 unconventional oil and gas wells.
Separately, DWS won its first contract from Malaysia’s state energy company Petronas last November for deploying its hydraulic completion units and BoreSite systems to support a 12-well unconventional programme in Abu Dhabi.
Watson is optimistic about Enersol securing additional work in Abu Dhabi from Adnoc Drilling. Beyond its home market, the company is “in active discussions and negotiations with our Saudi joint-venture partner on a major scope of work with Saudi Aramco,” he says.
Enersol’s growing portfolio and its push to secure contracts across the region also place the company in competition with established oil field services majors. On that subject, Watson concludes: “I believe our offering is unique and does not necessarily compete directly with companies such as SLB or Weatherford.
“We will identify a niche that fits between the major players and deliver parallel value through our differentiated offering.”
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Post tender clarifications begin for Riyadh Metro Line 726 February 2026

The Royal Commission for Riyadh City (RCRC) has started post-tender clarifications with bidders for a contract covering the design and build of Riyadh Metro’s Line 7.
Contractors submitted their commercial proposals on 31 January, as MEED reported.
The project involves constructing a metro line linking the Qiddiya entertainment city development, King Abdullah International Gardens, King Salman Park, Misk City and Diriyah Gate.
The total length of the line will be about 65 kilometres (km), of which 47km will be underground and 19km will be elevated.
The line will have 19 stations, 14 of which will be built underground and five above ground.
According to sources close to the project, the consortium formation is as follows:
- Alstom (France) / Webuild (Italy) / Nesma (local) / China Harbour Engineering Company
- Siemens (Germany) / FCC (Spain) / Orascom Construction (Egypt) / Shibh Al-Jazira Contracting Company (local)
- Hitachi Rail (Japan) / L&T (India) / Albawani (local) / Kalyon (Turkiye) / Cengiz (Turkiye)
- CRRC (China) / Mapa (Turkiye) / Limak (Turkiye)
Earlier this week, MEED exclusively reported that firms are preparing bids for a contract covering the project management consultancy services for the construction of Riyadh Metro Line 7.
MEED understands that RCRC has allowed firms until March to submit their proposals.
Riyadh Metro’s first phase features six lines with 84 stations. The RCRC completed the phased roll-out of the Riyadh Metro network when it started operating the Orange Line in January this year.
Construction has also begun on the next phase of Riyadh Metro, the extension of Line 2.
In July last year, MEED exclusively reported that RCRC had awarded an estimated $800m-$900m contract for the project.
The contract was awarded to the Arriyadh New Mobility Consortium, led by Italy’s Webuild.
The group also includes India’s Larsen & Toubro, Saudi Arabia’s Nesma & Partners and France’s Alstom.
Line 3, also known as the Orange Line, stretches from east to west, from Jeddah Road to the Second Eastern Ring Road, covering a total distance of 41km.
The line spans 8.4km, of which 1.3km is elevated and 7.1km is underground. It includes five stations – two elevated and three underground.
It will run from the current terminus of Line 2 at King Saud University (KSU) and continue to new stations at KSU Medical City, KSU West, Diriyah East and Diriyah Central – where it will interchange with the planned Line 7 – before terminating at Diriyah South.
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