Regional downstream sector prepares for consolidation

30 December 2024

 

The Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region’s midstream and downstream oil, gas and petrochemicals sectors together had one of their best years on record in 2024, with state-owned companies and private players collectively spending close to $38bn on projects.

Saudi Arabia emerged as the biggest regional spender on midstream and downstream projects. To address incremental volumes of gas entering the grid as Saudi Aramco increases its conventional and unconventional gas production, the state enterprise has spent more than $17bn on gas processing and transportation projects this year.

In April 2024, Aramco awarded $7.7bn in engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracts for a project to expand the Fadhili gas plant in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The project is expected to increase the plant’s processing capacity from 2.5 billion cubic feet a day (cf/d) to up to 4 billion cf/d.

On 30 June, Aramco awarded 15 lump-sum turnkey contracts for the third expansion phase of the Master Gas System (MGS-3), worth $8.8bn. Then, in August, the company awarded contracts for the remaining two packages of the MGS-3 project, which were worth $1bn. 

Saudi Aramco divided EPC works on the MGS-3 project into 17 packages. The first two packages involve upgrading existing gas compression systems and installing new gas compressors. The 15 other packages relate to laying gas transport pipelines at various locations in the kingdom.

The Master Gas System expansion will increase the size of the network and raise its total capacity by an additional 3.15 billion cf/d by 2028 with the installation of about 4,000 kilometres
of pipelines and 17 new gas compression trains.

Abu Dhabi capex

The UAE has been the second-largest spender on midstream, downstream and chemicals projects in 2024, led by investments from Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) and Taziz – its 60:40 joint venture with industrial holding entity ADQ.

Adnoc’s biggest capital expenditure (capex) was in the form of a $5.5bn EPC contract that it awarded to a consortium of France’s Technip Energies, Japan-based JGC Corporation and Abu Dhabi-owned NMDC Energy to develop a greenfield liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal complex in Ruwais. 

The upcoming Ruwais LNG export terminal will have the capacity to produce about 9.6 million tonnes a year (t/y) of LNG from two processing trains, each of which has a capacity of 4.8 million t/y. When the project is commissioned, Adnoc’s LNG production capacity will more than double to about 15 million t/y.

Adnoc Group subsidiary Adnoc Gas has also advanced a project to expand its sales gas pipeline network across the UAE, which is known as Estidama. The Abu Dhabi-listed company has awarded two EPC packages of the project this year, which together were worth more than $500m. 

Adnoc Gas is expected to award the contract for another Estidama package before the end of 2024 that covers the construction of a pipeline that will provide feedstock from its Habshan gas processing plant to the upcoming Ruwais LNG complex.

Taziz, meanwhile, awarded three EPC contracts totalling $2bn for infrastructure works at the industrial chemicals zone that it is developing in Ruwais Industrial City.

Spending to plateau

Having reached a peak in spending, and with EPC contracts awarded for strategic midstream, downstream and chemicals projects in 2024, the Mena region is set to enter a period of more pragmatic project spending in 2025. However, this does not imply that a slump in project capex is likely, and the region could once again equal the level of contract awards made in 2024.

One of the largest projects that may be awarded in 2025 is the main contract for the North Field West LNG project – the third phase of QatarEnergy’s LNG expansion programme. 

The North Field West project will have an LNG production capacity of 16 million t/y, which is expected to be achieved through two 8 million t/y LNG processing trains, based on the two earlier phases of QatarEnergy’s LNG expansion programme. 

The new project will draw feedstock for LNG production from the western zone of Qatar’s North Field offshore
gas reserve.

Taziz is also on course to make progress with the second expansion phase of its derivatives complex, which will more than double the number of chemicals produced at the industrial hub. The expansion’s centrepiece will be a large-scale steam cracker that will supply feedstocks to the several new chemical plants earmarked for third-party investments.

In Saudi Arabia, there has been speculation that Aramco may be revisiting its investment strategy and execution approach for its strategic liquids-to-chemicals programme. 

The aim of the programme is to derive greater economic value from every barrel of crude produced in the kingdom by converting 4 million barrels a day (b/d) of Aramco’s oil production into high-value petrochemicals and chemicals feedstocks by 2030.

Aramco has divided its liquids-to-chemicals programme into four main projects. It took a major step forward
in September 2023 by selecting US firm KBR, France’s Technip Energies, UK-based Wood Group and Australia- headquartered Worley to provide project management consultancy services for the four different segments of the scheme.

Progress on a programme as big as the liquids-to-chemicals scheme is expected to be measured and laboured. 

While day-to-day the advancement might appear sluggish, Amin Nasser, Aramco’s president and CEO, said earlier in 2024 that the Saudi energy giant is on track to achieve its crude oil-to-chemicals conversion goal by 2030.

“We are on track to achieve our target of 4 million b/d liquids-to-chemicals [conversion capacity] by 2030,” he said.

Meanwhile, Kuwait is in a similar situation with its planned Al-Zour integrated complex upgrade programme (Zicup), which has suffered significant delays in recent years. However, state-owned Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries Company (Kipic), the project’s operator, recently appointed a team to look into the logistics of developing a benzine pipeline as part of the estimated $10bn Zicup scheme.

Although this may be a small step, it does indicate that Kuwait remains determined to achieve its ambition of developing a large-scale petrochemicals facility, which, when integrated with its $16bn Al-Zour refinery, could become one of the biggest integrated refining and petrochemicals complexes in the Mena region.

 

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Indrajit Sen
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  • Necessity is the mother of invention for Kuwaiti lenders

    6 August 2026

     

    If 2025 was marked by the advent of reform in the shape of public debt and mortgage laws, 2026 has been a year of resilience in the face of sharp shifts in the operating environment.

    Like their peers across the GCC, Kuwait’s banks have stood out this year for their crisis preparedness. With Kuwait facing sustained attacks from Iran – testing a hydrocarbons-based economy that is uniquely vulnerable to such shocks – banks are focusing on maintaining durability under especially challenging conditions.

    The sector entered 2026 in a relatively strong position. As of March 2026 – one month into the US-Israeli campaign against Iran – the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio stood at a creditable 1.7%. A capital adequacy ratio of 17.5% in Q1 is another sign of resilience, underscoring banks’ capacity to absorb unexpected losses.

    Kuwaiti banks’ reserve coverage stands at 223% of problem loans, one of the highest levels of loan-loss allowance coverage for Stage 3 exposures in the region. This is in large part due to the Central Bank of Kuwait’s (CBK’s) strict regulatory requirements.

    Overall, banks have strong capitalisation, solid liquidity, high loan loss-absorption buffers and sound asset quality. That mix provides confidence that the banking sector can continue to support the economy in difficult circumstances.

    Kuwait has retained significant sovereign financial strength. There are large fiscal buffers, there is the existential hydrocarbon wealth, and there is a long track record of supporting the banking sector when required
    Abdulla Al-Hammadi, Moody’s

    Bank dominance

    Banks also remain central to Kuwait’s economy. As the Washington-based IMF has noted, financial intermediation is overwhelmingly bank-based, with domestic currency bond and equity markets underdeveloped by emerging-market standards.

    “Kuwait has retained significant sovereign financial strength. There are large fiscal buffers, there is the existential hydrocarbon wealth, and there is a long track record of supporting the banking sector when required,” says Abdulla Al-Hammadi, an analyst at Moody’s.

    Bank assets reached 250% of GDP in 2024 – among the highest in the GCC, according to the IMF. This is supported by strong balance sheets, high liquidity and a large Islamic finance segment. Kuwait Finance House, Boubyan Bank, Kuwait International Bank and Warba Bank – the four main Islamic lenders – together account for KD53bn ($172bn), or 51% of total banking sector assets.

    Early 2026 performance metrics show a solid rise in assets at listed Kuwaiti banks, growing by 12.5% year-on-year to KD130.82bn ($366.4bn) in Q1. Net profits increased by a smaller margin, 1.1%, to KD382.96m ($1.07bn) in the same quarter, according to KPMG.

    National Bank of Kuwait (NBK), the largest bank by assets, reported net profit of KD324.8m ($1.06bn) for the first half of 2026, a 3% year-on-year increase. Despite the impact of the conflict, the second quarter saw profits rise 4.5% to KD181.2m ($588.4m).

    Ratings support

    Ratings agencies have retained their confidence in Kuwaiti banks. In a rating action announced on 18 June, Moody’s affirmed the long-term deposit ratings of eight Kuwaiti banks, reflecting their resilient credit profiles supported by strong capital, provisioning reserves and liquidity buffers.

    Under Moody’s central scenario – which assumes a prolonged disruption to the Strait of Hormuz through autumn and persistently high and volatile energy prices – the expected deterioration in operating conditions remains within the absorption capacity of these banks’ baseline credit assessments.

    Kuwait’s strong sovereign ratings and high level of system support provide additional comfort. Government financial assets are estimated at more than 475% of GDP, while the debt burden was around 19% of GDP as of March 2026 – factors that underpin the government’s capacity to support the banking system in the event of stress.

    Nor is Kuwait at particular risk of external funding outflows. According to S&P Global, Kuwait has a comfortable net external asset position that mitigates such risks.

    “Depositor confidence has remained stable. The banks continue to access international interbank markets,” says Al-Hammadi. “Their liquidity buffers will support their ability to continue lending and absorb any potential shock.”

    Regulatory response

    Regulatory supervision is another core strength. The CBK has a reputation for hands-on oversight of the banking sector. In March, it rolled out a stimulus package to encourage banks to lend as the Iran conflict buffeted the region. The measures included a temporary easing of macroprudential requirements, with the minimum liquidity coverage ratio and net stable funding ratio reduced from 100% to 80%. The minimum regulatory ratio was cut from 18% to 15%.

    These measures appear to have had the intended effect. According to NBK’s research arm, domestic credit growth picked up in May, rising by half a percentage point over the previous month to 6.7% in year-on-year terms. Signs of stronger business lending, with gains across services, trade and real estate, will have been particularly welcome.

    “Many Kuwaiti banks have concentrated their lending activity around the Kuwait economy,” says Al-Hammadi. “Overall GDP is under pressure given recent developments in the hydrocarbon sector. It’s still an oil-driven economy, but if you look at non-oil activity, it has continued to benefit from government investment.”

    Credit growth will be supported by improving economic sentiment, so long as deposit growth keeps pace. However, lending is unlikely to match previous years’ levels.

    “Our expectation is that lending growth will drop, given what is happening in the macroeconomic environment. Growth could be a bit slower compared to previous years,” says Al-Hammadi.

    The CBK has urged local banks to be flexible towards customers, although anecdotal evidence suggests greater caution, including tighter personal loan limits.

    Reforms, including the mortgage and housing law, provide an additional opportunity for Kuwaiti banks to support broader growth. The Real Estate Financing Law permits banks to offer supported loans under which the state covers interest payments via the Kuwait Credit Bank, while borrowers repay only the principal.

    Although hydrocarbon-sector growth will be negatively impacted by events in the Gulf this year, banks should be able to secure growth by focusing on the non-hydrocarbon economy.

    “We see growth driven by the non-oil economy and some of the project finance opportunities, which will benefit from the banking sector’s capital and liquidity position. It places the banks in the right place to grab this opportunity,” says Al-Hammadi.


    MEED’s September 2026 report on Kuwait also includes:

    > OIL & GAS: Regional war to have lasting impact on Kuwaiti oil sector
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  • PDO floats tender for major flare gas monetisation scheme

    6 August 2026

     

    Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) has launched a major scheme to monetise gas flared across two of its largest hydrocarbon-producing zones in the sultanate. The initiative aligns with PDO’s commitment to achieve zero routine flaring and net-zero methane emissions by 2030, on the way to attaining full carbon neutrality by 2050.

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    The scope of the flare gas and associated gas monetisation scheme has been divided into two parts. Bundle A involves the offtake of associated gas from the Wadi Umayri oil field development, located in the Qarn Alam cluster. Bundle B relates to the monetisation of flare gas and natural gas liquids (NGLs) from the Fahud North Oman Crude Stabilisation (FNOCS) facility, located at the Fahud field.

    PDO issued the request for proposal document for the flare gas monetisation scheme on 21 July, inviting local and international developers to submit technical and commercial proposals by 25 August.

    Developers have the option of submitting proposals for the complete design, financing, construction, operation and maintenance of offtake or monetisation facilities for one or both bundles. PDO will evaluate proposals for each bundle separately and award contracts independently.

    PDO is the operator of Block 6, Oman’s largest and most prolific hydrocarbon concession. Situated onshore and covering an area of 75,119 square kilometres, Block 6 contains 202 oil fields and 43 gas fields, with PDO producing approximately 680,000 barrels a day (b/d) of oil and condensate from those fields.

    The Omani government holds a 60% stake in PDO through Energy Development Oman (EDO). The other shareholders are UK-based Shell (34%), France’s TotalEnergies (4%) and Thailand’s state-owned PTTEP (2%).

    Scope of Bundle A

    The Wadi Umayri field development, located within the Qarn Alam cluster, produces crude oil from the Lekhwair, Shuaiba and Sudair reservoirs. A permanent processing facility is planned to come onstream by the first quarter of 2030.

    As a by-product of oil production, the development will generate associated gas at an initial rate of approximately 60,000 to 68,000 standard cubic metres a day (cm/d), declining over field life.

    PDO will install a sweetening unit as part of its own scope to meet Oman’s regulatory requirement of all gas with sulphur dioxide (SO₂) concentrations above 0.035 g/m³ to be treated prior to any disposal.

    At the delivery point (battery limit flange), the gas made available to the future developer will consist of a blended stream from two sources: approximately 80% sweetened separator gas and 20% flashed gas recovered from atmospheric storage tanks. This blended gas composition forms the basis for downstream utilisation, processing, or disposal considerations under the development concept.

    The duration of the contract to be awarded by PDO to the developer is 10 years.

    The scope of work on Bundle A is split between PDO and the developer, and covers the following:

    PDO tie-in scope:

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    • Sweetening unit upstream of the delivery point to treat the main gas stream and meet regulatory SO₂ limits for any non-routine flaring events.
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    Developer scope:

    • Design, build, maintain and operate the gas monetisation system outside PDO’s battery limit.
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    • Bear full capital expenditure (capex), operational expenditure (opex), leases, health, safety and environment (HSE), and regulatory responsibilities for all developer scope.
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    • Handling, treatment and disposal of all product and by-product streams.
    Scope of Bundle B

    FNOCS is a centralised processing facility at the Fahud field. The facility processes associated hydrocarbons from producing fields in PDO’s northern portfolio, generating two primary streams: produced NGL stream at FNOCS is blended into the Main Oil Line (MOL), while the produced fuel gas is supplied to the Fahud power plant.

    The continued flaring of NGLs at FNOCS is an interim risk-mitigation measure and not a sustainable operating solution. To identify a viable long-term outlet for these volumes, and to meet PDO’s broader strategy to eliminate flaring and comply with its zero routine flaring commitment by 2030, the company is seeking third-party developers to monetise hydrocarbon streams currently being flared at FNOCS.

    PDO’s target is to secure an attractive commercial structure to stop flaring by offering two independently proposed operating options:

    Option 1 – Monetise the flare gas stream, upstream of main gas compressor: Take the currently flared gas, at an output rate of 90,000 standard cm/d, as-is in the current interim operating mode. Developer to design, build and operate a gas monetisation system outside PDO’s battery limit. This option has the highest zero routine flaring compliance impact and eliminates the need for re-operating the main gas compressor and its associated equipment.

    Option 2 – Monetise NGL + fuel gas: Restart the main gas compressor and stabiliser to separate NGL and fuel gas streams for sale. Vendor takes NGL (downstream of stabiliser), at a current rate of 106,000 standard cm/d and fuel gas (upstream of Fahud power plant), at a current rate of 44,000 standard cm/d, through a combined commercial structure.

    The duration of the contract to be awarded by PDO to the developer for Bundle B is five years, with the proposed facility to come onstream by the first quarter of 2029.

    The scope of work on Bundle B is also split between PDO and the developer, and covers the following:

    PDO tie-in scope:

    Approximately 200 metres of piping to FNOCS fence, including control/ESD/relief valves and a flowmeter.

    Allocate a designated plot plan approximately 4km from the existing FNOCS facility for the developer’s monetisation system.

    • The delivery point for option 1 is defined as the flange at FNOCS’s fence, upstream of the main gas compressor. The delivery points for option 2 are: (i) the NGL outlet downstream of the stabiliser, and (ii) the fuel gas outlet upstream of the Fahud power plant. Streams from both options will be supplied as-is at approximately 1.00 bar, with PDO bearing no obligation to provide gas at higher pressure or low H₂S concentration.

    Developer scope:

    • Design, build, maintain and operate the gas monetisation system outside PDO’s battery limit.
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    • Handling, treatment and disposal of all product and by-product streams.

    PDO has been striving to curb, and eventually end, flaring across its operations for several years, as part of its own targets, as well as in alignment with the environmental sustainability framework under Oman Vision 2040.

    In May last year, PDO initiated a flare gas recovery project at the Zulaiyah station in Hazar South in partnership with Hungary-based Enerhash, which aims to convert flare gas into a sustainable energy source through modular digital mining infrastructure.

    Enerhash’s technology powers containerised data centres directly with flare gas, offering a decentralised solution suitable for remote oil fields.

    The project is designed to avoid around 25,000 tonnes a year of carbon-dioxide-equivalent emissions, and builds on PDO’s earlier South AP flare recovery project, which sought vendors to recover gas from atmospheric dehydration tanks across sites such as Bahja, Rima, Amal, Marmul and Nimr.

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  • Sabic completes $450m divestment of thermoplastics business

    6 August 2026

    Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic) has completed a transaction to divest its engineering thermoplastics business in the Americas and Europe to German venture capital and private equity firm Mutares, for an enterprise value of $450m.

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    The divestment process was initiated by Sabic in January this year and marks a significant milestone in the company’s broader portfolio optimisation programme.

    “The transaction supports Sabic’s continued focus on exiting structurally underperforming assets, reducing cash losses, improving return on capital employed and maximising long-term shareholder value,” the Saudi chemicals giant said.

    The divested business reported an operating loss of approximately $498m for full-year 2025, and approximately $173m for the first half of this year.

    On a pro forma basis, the carve-out of the engineering thermoplastics business improved Sabic’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (Ebitda) margin by approximately 130-140 basis points, “reflecting the positive impact of the transaction on the company’s overall profitability and portfolio quality”.

    In addition to agreeing the sale of its engineering thermoplastics business in January, Sabic also began a process to divest its European petrochemicals business to Aequita for an estimated enterprise value of $500m.

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    Q2 2026 financial results

    Sabic reported a net loss of $100m for the second quarter of 2026, which it attributed to the impact of the Iran-US regional conflict on its business.

    The company had only returned to profit in the first quarter, registering a net income of $3.52m, after posting a full-year 2025 loss of $6.87bn.

    The Saudi petrochemicals giant also said Q2 2026 revenue fell 5% year-on-year to $6.62bn.

    Sabic posted adjusted Ebitda of $900m for the three months to 30 June, a drop of 18% compared to the previous quarter.

    Adjusted earnings before interest and taxes in Q2 also fell by 72% quarter-on-quarter to $110m, while adjusted earnings per share stood at $0.03.

    Saudi Exchange-listed Sabic said its net debt position remained largely unchanged at $730m at the end of June, compared with $740m at the end of March.

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    Indrajit Sen
  • UAE leads Mena project pipeline recovery

    6 August 2026

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    The Middle East and North Africa’s construction project pipeline strengthened in June 2026, recovering some of the momentum lost earlier in the year as the effects of the Israel-Iran conflict continued to work through regional project markets.

    GlobalData’s Construction Projects Momentum Index (CPMI) for the Mena region rose to 0.84 in June, up 5% from 0.80 in May, leaving the region third globally behind South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The three-month moving average held at 0.95, unchanged from May.

    The recovery was led by execution-stage activity, where the score rose to 1.18 in June from 1.06 in May. Pre-execution momentum, however, continued to soften, falling to 0.68 from 0.73. The pre-execution stage captures project planning, design development and procurement preparation, and a sustained decline there can point to a thinning of the future pipeline even when near-term execution holds up.

    Infrastructure drove the sector-level gains, with momentum rising sharply to 1.03 in June from 0.25 in May, the largest increase among the region’s sectors. Industrial momentum rose to 0.78 from 0.40. Residential activity remained elevated at 1.17, easing only marginally from 1.22.

    The gains were partly offset by a steep pullback in institutional activity, where momentum fell to 0.45 in June from 1.72 in May, the largest decline of any sector. Commercial and leisure momentum eased to 0.88 from 1.13, and energy and utilities to 0.59 from 0.82.

    The UAE posted the region’s highest score in June at 1.52, up from 1.16 in May. Algeria rose to 1.26 from 0.68, and Kuwait recovered to 0.76 from 0.26. Egypt reached 1.36, Oman held at 0.87, Qatar rose to 0.86 and Iran eased to 0.81.

    Saudi Arabia was the main exception among the larger markets, with its score falling to 0.31 in June from 1.16 in May. GlobalData linked the decline to procurement disruption on renewable energy projects under the Public Investment Fund’s giga developments and to the Najran-Asir-Jizan direct road, which faced consecutive bidding delays and consortium withdrawals.

    Israel recovered to 0.65 in June from -1.66 in May, having recorded the region’s weakest scores through the earlier phase of the conflict.

    Whether the June recovery is sustained will depend on the direction of pre-execution activity, which continued to weaken even as execution-stage momentum firmed.


    READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

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  • Mubadala backs Moove in $250m funding round

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    The round was co-led by Woven Capital, the growth fund of Japan’s Toyota, and by Ion Pacific. It also brought in BlueCrest Capital Management and Sona Capital, alongside existing backers including BlackRock, Japan’s MUFG, Franklin Templeton, Uber and the Ontario Power Generation Pension Plan.

    Moove said the funding will support the expansion of its autonomous vehicle business, including fleet ownership and what it terms robotics-first depot infrastructure, or “Nests”, where autonomous fleets are charged, serviced, maintained and orchestrated. The company said the funds will also support new market launches.

    The company expects to grow its autonomous vehicle workforce by more than 220% by the end of the year, increasing from about 150 employees to about 500.

    Founded in 2020 and headquartered in the UAE, Moove finances, owns and operates mobility assets for ride-hailing platforms. It employs 3,300 people and operates about 42,000 vehicles across 29 cities in 13 countries, and has grown to $420m in annual recurring revenue. It has expanded through organic growth and acquisitions, including Kovi in Brazil and Tokyo Taxi in Japan.

    Moove is the largest global fleet partner of ride-hailing company Uber. Through a partnership with Waymo, the autonomous driving unit of US technology group Alphabet, it operates autonomous vehicle fleets in Phoenix and Miami in the US, with operations also planned in London.

    Mubadala first invested in Moove three years ago. The Series C round marks its continued backing of the company as it moves into autonomous fleet operations.


    READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Saudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
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