Regional downstream sector prepares for consolidation
30 December 2024

The Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region’s midstream and downstream oil, gas and petrochemicals sectors together had one of their best years on record in 2024, with state-owned companies and private players collectively spending close to $38bn on projects.
Saudi Arabia emerged as the biggest regional spender on midstream and downstream projects. To address incremental volumes of gas entering the grid as Saudi Aramco increases its conventional and unconventional gas production, the state enterprise has spent more than $17bn on gas processing and transportation projects this year.
In April 2024, Aramco awarded $7.7bn in engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracts for a project to expand the Fadhili gas plant in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The project is expected to increase the plant’s processing capacity from 2.5 billion cubic feet a day (cf/d) to up to 4 billion cf/d.
On 30 June, Aramco awarded 15 lump-sum turnkey contracts for the third expansion phase of the Master Gas System (MGS-3), worth $8.8bn. Then, in August, the company awarded contracts for the remaining two packages of the MGS-3 project, which were worth $1bn.
Saudi Aramco divided EPC works on the MGS-3 project into 17 packages. The first two packages involve upgrading existing gas compression systems and installing new gas compressors. The 15 other packages relate to laying gas transport pipelines at various locations in the kingdom.
The Master Gas System expansion will increase the size of the network and raise its total capacity by an additional 3.15 billion cf/d by 2028 with the installation of about 4,000 kilometres
of pipelines and 17 new gas compression trains.
Abu Dhabi capex
The UAE has been the second-largest spender on midstream, downstream and chemicals projects in 2024, led by investments from Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) and Taziz – its 60:40 joint venture with industrial holding entity ADQ.
Adnoc’s biggest capital expenditure (capex) was in the form of a $5.5bn EPC contract that it awarded to a consortium of France’s Technip Energies, Japan-based JGC Corporation and Abu Dhabi-owned NMDC Energy to develop a greenfield liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal complex in Ruwais.
The upcoming Ruwais LNG export terminal will have the capacity to produce about 9.6 million tonnes a year (t/y) of LNG from two processing trains, each of which has a capacity of 4.8 million t/y. When the project is commissioned, Adnoc’s LNG production capacity will more than double to about 15 million t/y.
Adnoc Group subsidiary Adnoc Gas has also advanced a project to expand its sales gas pipeline network across the UAE, which is known as Estidama. The Abu Dhabi-listed company has awarded two EPC packages of the project this year, which together were worth more than $500m.
Adnoc Gas is expected to award the contract for another Estidama package before the end of 2024 that covers the construction of a pipeline that will provide feedstock from its Habshan gas processing plant to the upcoming Ruwais LNG complex.
Taziz, meanwhile, awarded three EPC contracts totalling $2bn for infrastructure works at the industrial chemicals zone that it is developing in Ruwais Industrial City.
Spending to plateau
Having reached a peak in spending, and with EPC contracts awarded for strategic midstream, downstream and chemicals projects in 2024, the Mena region is set to enter a period of more pragmatic project spending in 2025. However, this does not imply that a slump in project capex is likely, and the region could once again equal the level of contract awards made in 2024.
One of the largest projects that may be awarded in 2025 is the main contract for the North Field West LNG project – the third phase of QatarEnergy’s LNG expansion programme.
The North Field West project will have an LNG production capacity of 16 million t/y, which is expected to be achieved through two 8 million t/y LNG processing trains, based on the two earlier phases of QatarEnergy’s LNG expansion programme.
The new project will draw feedstock for LNG production from the western zone of Qatar’s North Field offshore
gas reserve.
Taziz is also on course to make progress with the second expansion phase of its derivatives complex, which will more than double the number of chemicals produced at the industrial hub. The expansion’s centrepiece will be a large-scale steam cracker that will supply feedstocks to the several new chemical plants earmarked for third-party investments.
In Saudi Arabia, there has been speculation that Aramco may be revisiting its investment strategy and execution approach for its strategic liquids-to-chemicals programme.
The aim of the programme is to derive greater economic value from every barrel of crude produced in the kingdom by converting 4 million barrels a day (b/d) of Aramco’s oil production into high-value petrochemicals and chemicals feedstocks by 2030.
Aramco has divided its liquids-to-chemicals programme into four main projects. It took a major step forward
in September 2023 by selecting US firm KBR, France’s Technip Energies, UK-based Wood Group and Australia- headquartered Worley to provide project management consultancy services for the four different segments of the scheme.
Progress on a programme as big as the liquids-to-chemicals scheme is expected to be measured and laboured.
While day-to-day the advancement might appear sluggish, Amin Nasser, Aramco’s president and CEO, said earlier in 2024 that the Saudi energy giant is on track to achieve its crude oil-to-chemicals conversion goal by 2030.
“We are on track to achieve our target of 4 million b/d liquids-to-chemicals [conversion capacity] by 2030,” he said.
Meanwhile, Kuwait is in a similar situation with its planned Al-Zour integrated complex upgrade programme (Zicup), which has suffered significant delays in recent years. However, state-owned Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries Company (Kipic), the project’s operator, recently appointed a team to look into the logistics of developing a benzine pipeline as part of the estimated $10bn Zicup scheme.
Although this may be a small step, it does indicate that Kuwait remains determined to achieve its ambition of developing a large-scale petrochemicals facility, which, when integrated with its $16bn Al-Zour refinery, could become one of the biggest integrated refining and petrochemicals complexes in the Mena region.

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The rebound is notable given the conditions in which it is occurring. The conflict in the Gulf that began in February introduced a fresh layer of risk into investment decision-making, at precisely the moment the kingdom is trying to attract private capital into its construction sector.
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Procurement pivot
The scale of the turnaround is easier to appreciate against the market’s recent trajectory. Construction contract awards fell 31% in 2025, dropping to $31bn from $45bn the year before, according to regional project tracker MEED Projects.
That contraction followed the boom years of 2021-24, when the Public Investment Fund (PIF) and its gigaproject subsidiaries drove aggressive, broad-based growth across its five official gigaprojects and a raft of other Vision 2030 schemes.
But 2025’s slowdown turned out to be a defining pivot. With the Finance Ministry projecting a budget deficit of SR165bn ($44bn) for 2026, Riyadh moved deliberately away from the scattergun procurement of the boom years and towards event-driven programmes with fixed deadlines: the 2034 Fifa World Cup, Expo 2030 Riyadh, and non-negotiable housing, healthcare and education commitments.
The postponement of the 2029 Asian Winter Games at Trojena, along with the scaling back of The Line and the Mukaab, showed that even flagship gigaprojects are no longer immune to scrutiny. The H1 2026 figures suggest that this prioritisation exercise is now paying off, translating into a leaner but faster-moving pipeline of awards.
Private delivery
Central to the sector’s next phase is what PIF officials have termed ‘escape velocity’: the point at which real estate, tourism and social infrastructure are mature enough for private capital to take over primary funding and delivery, freeing PIF to focus on enabling rather than financing.
That shift was formalised in April, when PIF’s board, chaired by Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman, approved the fund’s 2026-30 strategy.
While the 2021-25 phase was defined by rapid capital deployment and the launch of the gigaprojects, the new roadmap explicitly pivots towards value creation, investment efficiency and greater private sector participation, with PIF positioning itself increasingly as a platform creator and catalyst rather than the primary financier of every scheme.
For construction, the implication is that the state is not stepping back from the transformation agenda, but expects the private sector – and public-private partnership (PPP) structures in particular – to carry a growing share of the delivery load.
MEED’s coverage this year has tracked the expanding PPP pipeline overseen by the National Centre for Privatisation & PPP (NCP), which has around 200 projects in the pipeline worth roughly $190bn, spread across 17 sectors.
Recent examples bear this out, including the State Properties General Authority and NCP tendering the Quality Valley Riyadh scheme, a 32-year mixed-use concession that drew expressions of interest from 59 firms.
Elsewhere, the NCP is advancing a PPP to rehabilitate, operate and maintain 50 public parks across the Eastern Province, Jeddah and Medina. It has also selected preferred bidders to develop residential buildings at various land ports across the kingdom.
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Market outlook
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Of that, around $65bn-worth of projects are currently at the bidding stage, a substantial near-term opportunity for contractors and PPP developers positioning themselves now.
The longer-term picture is arguably more compelling still. As the private sector’s share of funding grows and PPP structures extend into new sectors, Saudi Arabia’s construction industry is being reshaped from a state-financed, volume-driven business into a more diversified, investment-grade market – one in which the $400bn still sitting in the pipeline represents a long runway of opportunity for contractors.
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Saudi downstream projects market enters lean period7 September 2026

Following a considerable level of capital expenditure (capex) on petrochemical and specialty chemical projects in the first half of this decade, Saudi Aramco and its subsidiary, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic), are expected to reduce spending in 2026.
Two primary factors are behind this anticipated drop in regional chemical project capex this year. With the bulk of their projects under execution – and on course to enter operation between this year and the end of the decade – Aramco and Sabic are set to achieve their short- to mid-term capacity expansion goals.
Additionally, with global petrochemical and chemical demand remaining subdued and sales margins under pressure, Aramco – and Sabic in particular – appear keen to avoid committing to large-scale project investments.
Steady spending in 2020-25
An estimated $30bn of petrochemical and specialty chemical projects are in the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) stage in Saudi Arabia. Main contracts for most of these projects were awarded between 2020 and 2025, according to MEED Projects data.
The biggest chemical project under EPC execution is the $11bn Amiral project, which represents an expansion of Saudi Aramco Total Refining & Petrochemical Company (Satorp) into petrochemicals.
Satorp – owned 62.5% by Aramco and 37.5% by France’s TotalEnergies – operates a major crude refinery complex in Jubail with the capacity to process 465,000 barrels a day (b/d) of Aramco’s Arabian Heavy crude. The refinery produces diesel, jet fuel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, benzene, paraxylene, propylene, coke and sulphur.
Integrated with the existing Satorp refinery in Jubail, the Amiral petrochemicals complex will house one of the largest mixed-load steam crackers in the Gulf, with a capacity to produce 1.65 million tonnes a year (t/y) of ethylene and other industrial gases.
The expansion is expected to attract more than $4bn in additional investment across a variety of industrial sectors, including carbon fibres, lubricants, drilling fluids, detergents, food additives, automotive parts and tyres.
Recalibrating ambitions
The largest capex programme in the chemicals sector in Saudi Arabia – and in the wider Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region – is Aramco’s liquids-to-chemicals programme. Its central aim is to achieve a direct conversion rate of 4 million b/d of crude oil into high-value chemicals.
Aramco has divided its liquids-to-chemicals programme into four main projects. It has taken major steps forward this year by signing joint-venture investment agreements with foreign partners on the different projects, which include:
- Sasref (Jubail): Conversion of the Saudi Aramco Jubail Refinery Company (Sasref) complex into an integrated refinery and petrochemicals complex through the addition of a mixed-feed cracker. The project also involves building an ethane cracker that will draw feedstock from the Sasref refinery. Front-end engineering and design (feed) is under way and is being performed by Samsung E&A, although progress has been slow.
- Yasref (Yanbu): Conversion of the Yanbu Aramco Sinopec Refining Company (Yasref) complex into an integrated refinery and petrochemicals complex through the addition of a mixed-feed cracker. China’s Sinopec is a joint-venture partner in the project.
- Samref (Yanbu): Conversion of the Saudi Aramco Mobil Refinery Company (Samref) complex into an integrated refinery and petrochemicals complex through the addition of a mixed-feed cracker. US oil and gas producer ExxonMobil, Aramco and Samref signed a venture framework agreement in December to begin preliminary feed work on the project.
- Ras Al-Khair (Eastern Province): Development of a crude oil-to-chemicals (COTC) complex. Progress on this project, however, remains slow.
Given the liquids-to-chemicals programme’s size, scope and ambitious targets, overall progress is expected to remain measured this year.
Separately, Sabic has been negotiating with bidders for about a year on a major project to build an integrated blue ammonia and urea manufacturing complex at the existing facility of its affiliate, Sabic Agri-Nutrients Company, in Jubail.
The estimated $2bn-$3bn project – known as the low-carbon hydrogen San 6 complex – is planned to have the capacity to produce 1.2 million metric t/y of blue ammonia and 1.1 million metric t/y of urea and specialised agri-nutrients. The project is part of Sabic’s Horizon-I low-carbon hydrogen programme, which is to be developed at Sabic Agri-Nutrients’ facility in Jubail Industrial City, in the kingdom’s Eastern Province.
So far this year, Petrokemya, a Sabic affiliate, has awarded China National Chemical Engineering Group Corporation the main contract for an ethylene oxide catalyst project.
The project covers the EPC of a new 4,000-t/y ethylene oxide catalyst production unit, encompassing multiple units for catalyst carrier washing and drying, as well as supporting utilities, at Petrokemya’s main facility in Jubail Industrial City.
https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/19435889/main.gif - Sasref (Jubail): Conversion of the Saudi Aramco Jubail Refinery Company (Sasref) complex into an integrated refinery and petrochemicals complex through the addition of a mixed-feed cracker. The project also involves building an ethane cracker that will draw feedstock from the Sasref refinery. Front-end engineering and design (feed) is under way and is being performed by Samsung E&A, although progress has been slow.
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Contractor wins $161m Meraas City Walk Crestlane deal7 September 2026
Local contractor Parkway International Contracting has won a AED590m ($161m) contract to build phase three of the City Walk Crestlane project in Dubai’s Al-Wasl area.
The contract covers the construction of four residential buildings comprising 394 apartments.
Construction is expected to commence shortly, with completion slated for 2028.
Local real estate developer Meraas, part of Dubai Holding, awarded the contract.
In December last year, Meraas announced the next phases of the City Walk Crestlane project as it continues to expand its City Walk residential community in Dubai.
City Walk Crestlane 4 and 5 comprise four residential towers offering 360 one- to five-bedroom units.
In June 2025, Meraas announced the initial phases of the City Walk Crestlane project, which comprise two residential towers offering 198 one- to five-bedroom units.
Earlier this year, Meraas awarded two major construction contracts worth AED2.4bn ($653m) to build 557 villas as part of the second phase of its residential community, The Acres, in Dubailand.
The contracts were awarded to local construction firms United Engineering Construction (Unec) and GCC Contracting. Unec will build 371 three- to five-bedroom villas at The Acres, while GCC Contracting will deliver 186 five- to seven-bedroom residences at The Acres Estates.
Meraas’ latest project contract awards in Dubai reflect heightened real estate activity in the UAE’s construction market. Schemes worth more than $323bn are in execution or planning stages, according to UK-based analytics firm GlobalData.
The company forecasts that output from the UAE’s residential construction sector will grow by 3% in real terms between 2026 and 2029, supported by developments in infrastructure, energy and utilities, as well as residential construction projects.
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Six groups qualify for Saudi Arabia’s Qassim airport PPP7 September 2026
Saudi Arabia’s Civil Aviation Holding Company (Matarat), through the National Centre for Privatisation & PPP (NCP), has qualified five groups and one standalone company to bid for a contract to develop Prince Naif Bin Abdulaziz International airport in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
These include:
- YDA Insaat / Safari Group / Lamar Holding / Egis (Turkiye/local/Bahrain/France)
- Ports Projects Management & Development Company / Algihaz Holding (local/local)
- Mada International Holding / TAV Airports Holding (local/Turkiye)
- Namaya International Investment Company / Oman Airports Management Company / AlBawani Capital / Tanama (local/Oman/local/UAE)
- Vision Invest / Asyad Holding / DAA International (local/local/Ireland)
- GMR Airports (India)
The prequalification process follows 89 firms expressing interest in the contract, as MEED reported in March.
The project scope includes the redevelopment of the passenger terminal as well as other associated facilities such as airside infrastructure, including runway, taxiways and aprons.
The project will be developed on a design-finance-construction-operations-maintenance-transfer basis.
The clients issued an expression of interest notice for the project on 9 February, and companies were given until 23 February to submit responses.
Tendering is also ongoing for the new Taif International airport project in Mecca Province.
The new Taif International airport will be located 21 kilometres southeast of the existing Taif airport and will have a capacity of 2.5 million passengers by 2030.
In addition to a new airport terminal, the proposed design features a runway with a full-length parallel taxiway connecting to a single commercial apron.
The scope includes facility buildings, utility networks, car parks and access roads, as well as provisions for additional expansions to meet future subsystem requirements.
The new airport is expected to meet the projected increase in demand by 2055 and contribute to the economic development of the city of Taif and its surrounding areas, in line with the kingdom’s National Aviation Strategy.
It is also expected to meet the needs of Umrah pilgrims, as an alternative within the region’s multi-airport system, which includes King Abdulaziz airport in Jeddah, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz airport in Medina and Prince Abdulmohsen Bin Abdulaziz airport in Yanbu.
Previous tenders
The Taif, Hail and Qassim airport schemes were previously tendered and awarded as public-private partnership (PPP) projects using the build-transfer-operate (BTO) model.
Saudi Arabia’s General Authority of Civil Aviation (Gaca) awarded the contracts to develop four airport PPP projects to two separate consortiums in 2017.
A team of Turkiye’s TAV Airports and the local Al-Rajhi Holding Group won the 30-year concession agreement to build, transfer and operate airport passenger terminals in Yanbu, Qassim and Hail.
A second team, comprising Lebanon’s Consolidated Contractors Company, Germany’s Munich Airport International and local firm Asyad Group, won the BTO contract to develop Taif International airport.
However, these projects stalled following the restructuring of the kingdom’s aviation sector.
Saudi Arabia has already privatised airports including the $1.2bn Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz International airport in Medina, which was developed as a PPP and opened in 2015.
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Dubai sets October deadline for metro Gold Line7 September 2026

Dubai’s Roads & Transport Authority (RTA) has set a deadline of 9 October for contractors to submit their prequalification statements for a contract to build the new Gold Line as part of the Dubai Metro network’s expansion.
The previous deadline was 7 September.
The RTA issued the request for qualification notice for the project in June, with an initial submission deadline of 17 August, as MEED exclusively reported.
The prequalification notice followed the RTA’s invitation to contractors to express interest in building the new Gold Line in May.
Dubai officially announced the launch of the new Gold Line in April.
In a post on social media site X, Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum, UAE Vice President and Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, said the project will cost about AED34bn ($9.2bn).
The Gold Line will increase Dubai Metro network’s total length by 35%.
The project is scheduled for completion in September 2032.
The Gold Line will be a fully underground network covering more than 42 kilometres, with 18 stations.
It will pass through 15 areas in Dubai, benefiting 1.5 million residents.
The project is expected to provide connectivity to over 55 under-construction real estate development projects.
The Gold Line will start at Al-Ghubaiba in Bur Dubai and end at Jumeirah Golf Estates.
It will connect to Dubai Metro’s existing Red and Green lines and integrate with the Etihad Rail passenger line.
The contractor will be responsible for the design and build of all civil works, electromechanical equipment, rolling stock and rail systems.
The selected contractor will also be required to assist in the systems maintenance and operations during an initial three-year period.
In October last year, MEED exclusively reported that the RTA had selected US-based engineering firm Aecom to provide consultancy services for the Dubai Metro Gold Line project.
Stage one covers concept design, stage two covers preliminary design, stage three covers the preparation of tender documents, stage four encompasses construction supervision, and stage five covers the defects and liability period.
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