Neom’s top five projects
11 October 2023
Neom has awarded major contracts over the past two years, indicating the kingdom's flagship development project is moving ahead as planned. It has also attracted local and international investment partners for the implementation of these projects.
Except for the Neom Green Hydrogen project, the majority of the contracts that have been awarded so far are for basic infrastructure such as roads, staff accommodation and utilities.
Below is a round-up of the top five projects that are under construction at Neom.
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NGHC Green Fuels Renewable Energy Project
Saudi Arabia’s Neom Green Hydrogen Company (NGHC), a consortium of Neom, Saudi utility developer Acwa Power and the US' Air Products is developing a green fuels renewable energy facility, which will produce hydrogen to be synthesised into carbon-free ammonia for export exclusively by Air Products to global markets.
The planned facility will integrate 4GW of renewable power from solar, wind and storage that will be used for the production of 650 tonnes a day of hydrogen and nitrogen and 1.2 million tonnes a year of green ammonia.
In June 2022, Indian contractor Larsen & Toubro (L&T) secured a major engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract worth $2.7 billion from NGHC for the renewable energy package of the programme.
L&T has since awarded several sub-contracts for different elements of the project. These include the supply contract for the wind turbines to China's Envision Energy, the supply of 380 kV gas-insulated substations to US-based GE Grid Solutions, the supply of solar trackers to Spanish PV Hardware and, most recently, the contract to inverter skid solutions to Chinese company Sungrow.
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NEOM Community Villages: Wave 1
In June, Neom finalised SR21bn ($5.6bn) of public-private partnership (PPP) housing deals for worker accommodation. The developers for the first phase of its residential communities, also known as Wave I, include local companies Alfanar Global Development, Almutlaq Real Estate Investment Company, Nesma Holding Company and Tamasuk, which is involved through two separate partners, Al-Majal al-Arabi Group Company and Saudi Arabian Trading & Construction Company (Satco).
The scheme involves building ten communities across Neom, adding capacity for 95,000 more occupants once the project's first phase is completed. The temporary accommodation needed during Neom's construction period is being built sustainably as relocatable modular units that can be repurposed once the communities are no longer required.
The tender for a second phase of the project, known as Wave II, is expected to be issued to the market in the coming months.
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NEOM Backbone Infrastructure: Drill and Blast Running Tunnels
Tunnel projects worth over $4.6bn are in the execution phase at Neom. These include the backbone infrastructure tunnels for The Line project, which involve constructing two railway tunnels in parallel using the drill-and-blast method, one for passengers and the other for goods.
In June 2022, Neom awarded $2.7bn-worth of main contracts to the joint venture of Shibh al-Jazira Contracting, China State Construction Engineering and FCC Construction for lots two and three of this scheme.
A separate contract worth about $1.8bn was awarded by Neom for lots four and five to a team of Archirodon, Samsung Engineering and Hyundai Engineering.
Beijing-based China Railway Construction Corporation (CRCC) was awarded a contract in 2021 for the adits and portals package serving the bored tunnels.
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NEOM Oxagon Connector South
In May, Neom awarded a joint venture of Italy-based Webuild and Riyadh-headquartered Shibh al-Jazira Contracting (Sajco) an estimated $2bn contract to build the Connector South rail line that will link Oxagon with The Line at Neom.
The contract involves the construction of a 75-kilometre railway line, including earthworks, 14 viaducts, seven roads, nine rail underpasses, 152 culverts (pipe and box culverts), a freight line, infrastructure maintenance depots and associated facilities.
The infrastructure corridor will run south from The Line to Neom City Station through Neom Bay Mansions, Neom Bay airport and on to Oxagon.
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NEOM Oxagon Port
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman launched Oxagon in late 2021. It includes onshore elements as well as floating structures offshore. Construction works on the 48 square-kilometre, eight-sided industrial city have already started.
In January, Neom awarded a contract to deliver the first phase of the port expansion. A team of Boskalis, Besix and the local Modern Building Leaders (MBL) was awarded that estimated SR3bn ($800m) contract in mid-January.
It was followed by another $1bn contract award in October to Belgium’s Deme with Greece’s Archirodon to complete phase two of the Duba port expansion at Oxagon industrial city.
The scope of the Duba port expansion package includes excavation and dredging, revetments for channel widening, demolition, container terminal quay expansion and earthworks, in addition to the development of a flexible quay, a roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) berth and quay walls to a marine services berth and a coast guard facility.
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Omani state energy conglomerate OQ Group and Kuwait Petroleum International (KPI), the overseas subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, have initiated a feed-to-EPC competition among contractors to develop a major petrochemicals complex at Duqm.
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OQ8, the 50:50 joint venture of OQ and KPI, is understood to have issued the tender for the Duqm petrochemicals project’s feed-to-EPC competition in mid-March, with a deadline of 6 May for contractors to submit proposals, sources told MEED.
Several local and international contractors based in Oman are believed to be participating in the competition, according to sources.
OQ Group CEO Ashraf Bin Hamad Al-Maamari and KPI’s CEO Shafi Bin Taleb Al-Ajmi signed an agreement on 3 February, during the Kuwait Oil & Gas Show and Conference, to develop a major petrochemicals-producing complex in Oman’s Duqm. The parties did not disclose details at the time.
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The agreement represented a significant step forward in Oman and Kuwait’s long-held plans to jointly develop a petrochemicals complex next to the existing Duqm refinery, which will benefit from favourable feedstock access and strong cost competitiveness.
The planned facility will also benefit from in Al-Wusta governorate, along Oman’s Arabian Sea coastline.
OQ8 had struggled to make meaningful progress on the Duqm petrochemicals project since the plan was conceived as early as 2018, for a variety of reasons.
The original plan for the Duqm petrochemicals facility, estimated at $7bn, centred on a mixed-feed steam cracker with a capacity to produce 1.6 million tonnes a year (t/y) of ethylene. The project also included a polypropylene (PP) plant with a capacity of 280,000 t/y and a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plant with a capacity of 480,000 t/y.
The complex was also expected to include an aromatics plant, as well as storage facilities for naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
The project’s prospects were temporarily boosted when Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic) expressed interest in investing by signing a non-binding memorandum of understanding with OQ in December 2021.
Reuters reported in December that Sabic was withdrawing from the project, leaving OQ to look for other partners. The new agreement between OQ and KPI is understood to have followed the Saudi chemical giant’s departure.
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Nakheel awards $953m Palm Jebel Ali villas deal27 April 2026
Dubai-based real estate developer Nakheel, now part of Dubai Holding, has awarded two contracts worth AED3.5bn ($953m) to local firms for the construction of 544 villas at its Palm Jebel Ali project in Dubai.
The first contract was awarded to Ginco General Contracting for the construction of 354 villas across fronds A to D.
The second contract was awarded to United Engineering Construction Company (Unec) for the construction of 190 villas on fronds E and F.
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Earlier phases
In October 2024, Nakheel awarded three contracts worth AED5bn ($1.3bn) for the construction of 723 villas on fronds K to P. The contracts went to Ginco, Unec and the local Shapoorji Pallonji.
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Infrastructure works
This was followed by Nakheel awarding infrastructure contracts worth over AED750m ($204m) to local firm Dutco Construction for works on Palm Jebel Ali.
The infrastructure work includes utility connections, excavation, backfilling, and the construction of roads and pavements across fronds A to G. It also covers 11-kilovolt power distribution and telecommunications-related utility works.
Reclamation contract
In August 2024, Nakheel awarded an AED810m ($220m) contract to complete the reclamation works for the project.
The contract was awarded to Belgium’s Jan De Nul. Its scope includes dredging, land reclamation, beach profiling and sand placement to support the construction of villas across all fronds.
Masterplan details
Nakheel released details of the new masterplan for Palm Jebel Ali in June 2023. Twice the size of Palm Jumeirah, Palm Jebel Ali will have 110 kilometres of shoreline and extensive green spaces. The development will feature more than 80 hotels and resorts, along with a range of entertainment and leisure facilities.
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Iraq’s first LNG terminal to be completed in June27 April 2026
Iraq’s first liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal is expected to be completed in early June, according to the country’s Ministry of Electricity.
The terminal, which has an estimated investment value of $450m, is being developed at the Port of Khor Al-Zubair and will have a capacity of 750 million standard cubic feet a day (cf/d).
Ministry spokesperson Ahmed Mousa told the Iraqi News Agency that “work is proceeding at an accelerated pace to complete the LNG platform”, noting that “the government has set 1 June as the date for finishing the project”.
In October last year, US-based Excelerate Energy signed a commercial agreement with a subsidiary of Iraq’s Ministry of Electricity to develop the floating LNG terminal.
The contract was signed at the office of Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani during a ceremony attended by senior officials from both countries, including the US deputy secretary of energy James Danly.
The contract included a five-year agreement for regasification services and LNG supply with extension options, featuring a minimum contracted offtake of 250 million cf/d.
Ahmed Mousa said that “under the contract, the company is responsible for completing the facility as well as securing the agreed gas quantities from any source, in line with the specified terms”.
He added: “Work is continuing according to the planned timelines to complete the project on schedule, as part of the Ministry of Electricity’s plans to keep pace with peak summer loads.”
Although Iraq is Opec’s second-largest oil producer after Saudi Arabia, it is a net natural gas importer because its lack of infrastructure investment has meant that, until 2023, it flared roughly half of the estimated 3.12 billion cf/d of gas produced in association with crude oil.
Iraq’s reliance on flaring associated gas instead of gathering and processing it has prevented the country from fully realising its potential as a gas producer and forced the Iraqi government to rely on costly gas and electricity imports from Iran.
Recently, Iraq’s oil and gas sector has been disrupted by fallout from the US and Israel’s attack on Iran on 28 February and the subsequent regional conflict.
Over recent weeks, Iraq’s oil exports have collapsed by about 80% amid problems shipping crude through the Strait of Hormuz.
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Iraqi LNG import terminal raises questions about energy strategy27 April 2026
Commentary
Wil Crisp
Oil & gas reporterIraq’s first LNG import terminal is set to come online in early June, at a time when global LNG prices are likely to remain close to their highest levels in more than three years.
The disruption to global oil and gas exports in the wake of the US and Israel’s attack on Iran on 28 February led to LNG prices soaring, with natural gas prices in Asia and Europe rising to their highest levels since January 2023 during March.
So far, there has been little progress towards a diplomatic or military solution to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, and most analysts do not forecast significant price declines in the near term.
On 24 April, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said that the combined effect of short-term supply losses and slower capacity growth could result in a cumulative loss of around 120 billion cubic metres of LNG supply between 2026 and 2030.
While the IEA expects new liquefaction projects in other regions to offset these losses over time, it still believes the crisis will lead to prolonged tight market conditions through 2026 and 2027.
This means that Iraq will likely have to pay elevated prices for imported LNG for some time to come – if it can receive shipments at all.
The port of Khor Al-Zubair is located in the Arabian Gulf, and LNG shipments from the US or Australia would need to pass through the Strait of Hormuz before reaching the terminal.
This will only be possible if a solution is found to the ongoing blockade of the shipping route.
Investment debate
Iraq’s project to develop a floating LNG terminal is estimated to cost $450m, and many in Iraq may question whether this was the best use of these funds.
While it may have been difficult for Iraqi policymakers to foresee the attack by the US and Israel on Iran and its impact on LNG markets, Iraq had several strong options to enhance domestic energy security rather than turning to LNG imports.
The most obvious of these was investing in infrastructure to enable it to utilise its domestic gas reserves.
According to the World Bank’s 2025 Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report, in 2024, Iraq burned off more unused gas than any other country, except Russia and Iran, which ranked first and second, respectively.
That year, an estimated total of more than 18 billion cubic metres of natural gas was flared in Iraq due to a lack of infrastructure to properly capture and process it.
It is highly likely that projects to gather and process this gas would have been more reliable and cost-effective than investing in a new floating LNG terminal, which increases the country’s exposure to global LNG price fluctuations and shipping disruptions.
Other options could have included developing domestic gas fields or investing in solar and battery storage projects, which have become increasingly affordable in recent years.
The cost of solar panels has fallen by more than 95% over the past decade.
Power shortfall
As things stand, Iraq is likely to face severe electricity shortages this summer.
On 21 April, Iraq’s Ministry of Electricity said it plans to produce 30,000MW this summer, well short of the predicted peak demand of around 55,000MW.
Ahmed Musa, a spokesperson for the Electricity Ministry, told the state-run Iraqi News Agency that the shortfall will result in planned outages across the country.
He also said that even meeting the 30,000MW target is contingent on sufficient gas supplies.
If Iraq experiences the same level of power outages as last year – or worse – many are likely to view the $450m spent on an LNG import terminal as a waste of money and an expensive symbol of poor planning.
Power cuts this summer could stoke unrest at a time that is already politically precarious due to the ongoing regional conflict.
In recent years, electricity shortages have repeatedly fuelled protests in Iraq during the summer months, particularly in Basra, where blackouts and poor public services have driven people to take to the streets.
If the Strait of Hormuz does not reopen soon, Iraq’s economic crisis will deepen, and electricity shortages are likely to further undermine the country’s stability.
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Kuwait approves Doha desalination plant award27 April 2026
Kuwait’s Central Agency for Public Tenders has approved the recommendation of the Ministry of Electricity & Water to award a KD114.28m ($371.5m) contract to supply, install, operate and maintain the second phase of the Doha seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant.
A joint venture of Kuwait-based Heavy Engineering Industries & Shipbuilding Company (Heisco) and India’s VA Tech Wabag has been selected for the project, with the award understood to be pending final approval from the Audit Bureau.
The project will deliver a production capacity of about 60 million imperial gallons a day (MIGD) and will include the desalination plant with full reverse osmosis trains, pre- and post-treatment systems, recarbonation equipment, booster pumps, and safety and filtration systems.
The total project duration is 96 months. The Doha SWRO desalination plant is part of Kuwait’s broader programme to expand water production capacity and reduce reliance on thermal desalination methods.
MEED previously reported that the Heisco/Wabag joint venture submitted the lowest bid. Bidders and prices included:
- Heavy Engineering Industries & Shipbuilding / Wabag: $373.2m
- Cox Water (Spain): $538.1m
- Orascom Construction (Egypt): $568.4m
In April 2025, MEED reported that Kuwait had retendered the contract for the facility after the ministry cancelled the initial tender in June 2024.
The Ministry of Electricity & Water awarded South Korea’s Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction – now known as Doosan Enerbility – a $422m contract in May 2016 to build the 60 MIGD Doha 1 SWRO plant.
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