Neom becomes real-world building project
26 April 2023
This package on Neom also includes:
> SITE REPORT: World’s largest piling project shifts to The Line’s marina
> INTERVIEW: Neom to fix construction
> MOVIE SET: Neom advances plans to be leading movie destination
> TUNNELS: Neom tenders Delta Junction tunnel contracts
> OXAGON: Work to start for $1.5bn Oxagon wind turbine plant

The launch of Neom by Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman at the Future Investment Initiative (IFI) in Riyadh in October 2017 challenged the world’s imagination and marked the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s gigaprojects era.
Strategically located close to neighbouring Jordan and Egypt, the 26,500 square-kilometre project is about the size of Belgium. With a $500bn price tag, it quickly became known as the world’s largest construction project.
In the six years that followed, there has been a steady wave of announcements detailing the individual components of Neom. Each launch has been accompanied by marketing campaigns showcasing slick computer-generated imagery (CGI) of futuristic cities that aim to change how mankind will live.
Unless working on these projects directly, Neom has been an abstract idea for most people. That started to change in January when Neom released a progress video of construction work on Sindalah Island, which is due to open its doors in 2024. Then in March, MEED visited Neom to witness the work progressing The Line, which is now the world’s largest piling project.
The images of construction equipment toiling on site showed that after six years of planning, Neom is here.
In 2022, there were $13.6bn of contract awards at Neom, surpassed only by Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Qatar
Awards soar
As Neom morphs from a futuristic concept into a real-world building project, the construction industry has started to benefit from a sharp increase in contract awards, which by mid-April 2023 totalled $27bn.
As construction activity ramps up, the data shows that Neom is no longer a single project offering tactical opportunities. It has become a strategic market in its own right.
In 2022, there were $13.6bn of contract awards at Neom, surpassed only by Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Qatar.
On a submarket level, the total value of contract awards exceeds the Saudi capital Riyadh, where there were $11bn of awards, and Dubai, which has traditionally been regarded as a hotbed of construction, with $9.3bn of awards in 2022.
As tendering activity continues for major contracts, Neom’s prominence as a projects market will likely increase further.
So far, four major components of Neom have been officially launched by Prince Mohammed. They are The Line, Trojena,
Oxagon and Sindalah Island. Meanwhile, work has also progressed on other projects that have yet to be officially launched with the full CGI treatment, such as Neom International airport and the Gulf of Aqaba.
The Line was the first to be launched in January 2021 as a 170-kilometre linear belt of hyper-connected, car-free communities. Then in July 2022, the designs of The Line’s mirrored buildings were revealed. They are 200 metres wide and 500 metres above sea level, running entirely on renewable energy. Once complete, The Line will accommodate 9 million residents.
Piling work has started for the first modules of buildings that make up The Line (click here for images of the site). Infrastructure work for The Spine, the infrastructure corridor parallel to The Line that includes the high-speed rail, is also advancing.
Floating city
The second major project launch was Oxagon industrial city in November 2021. It will be built around an integrated port and logistics hub, with its octagonal design minimising environmental impact and optimising land usage. The city will feature the world’s largest floating structure and be powered by 100 per cent clean energy.
The first major area of construction for Oxagon is the expansion of the existing Duba port. A contract for the first phase of that project was awarded earlier this year and a second phase is being tendered.
In March 2022, Prince Mohammed announced Trojena. Located in the mountains, it has temperatures 10 degrees Celsius lower than other regional cities and offers the potential for snow-covered ski slopes.
Trojena dams face countdown to make it snow
Trojena received added impetus in October last year when it was selected to host the ninth Asian Winter Games in 2029. Trojena will have two competition clusters for the games: a snow cluster for sports, including alpine skiing, snowboarding and slalom; and an ice cluster for sports, including ice hockey, figure skating and curling. The games village will have 14 luxury hotels and be powered entirely by renewable energy.
Construction contracts covering major infrastructure elements such as three major dams are at the tendering stage. Procurement activity is also starting for major buildings such as The Vault, which is a 198-metre-high, 253-metre-wide and 864-metre-long building that will serve as the gateway to Trojena.
Sindalah, Neom’s first luxury island destination, was announced in December 2022 and construction work is advancing (see main image). Once complete, the island will feature a marina, hotels and a golf course.
Delivering these projects is a major challenge for the construction sector. Resource scarcity is a key issue for all projects in the kingdom, with construction companies already struggling to meet the demand for their services and expertise. Neom, along with its owner, the Public Investment Fund (PIF), is taking steps to address these challenges by investing in local construction firms, attracting international companies, improving payment terms and adopting alternative procurement methods. Despite these efforts, the construction sector faces sustained pressure.
New economy
Neom is much more than just a collection of construction projects. While other projects in the region offer opportunities for the construction sector and associated asset management services such as facilities management and hotel operation, the scale of Neom means it is creating a new economy.
It is an economy that not only aims to support the development of nine sectors to achieve the goals outlined in Vision 2030, but also intends to transform the way those sectors operate.
The industrial city Oxagon will play a key role. Neom plans to create an integrated port and logistics hub that will be home to seven innovative sectors: sustainable energy, autonomous mobility, water innovation, sustainable food production, health and wellbeing, technology and digital manufacturing, and modern methods of construction.
The Neom green fuels project is key to Oxagon’s clean energy ambitions. The integrated facility will produce hydrogen to be synthesised into carbon-free ammonia. Full construction work began on the project earlier this year after it reached financial closure. The facility is expected to be commissioned in 2026.
Neom, US-based Air Products and Acwa Power each have a 33.3 per cent stake in Neom Green Hydrogen Company, the special project vehicle implementing the project.
Aviation is another major area of investment. Neom plans to start operating its own airline, Neom Airlines, at the end of 2024 from the existing Neom Bay airport before operating from Neom International – a greenfield development inland close to Tabuk at the end of The Line.
Neom will morph from a construction project into a full-fledged economy
International airport
Plans for the international airport are advancing. US firm Aecom has been awarded a contract to provide project management consultancy services, and a series of construction and supply contracts are due to be tendered this year.
Although not confirmed, it is understood the first phase of the airport will have the capacity to handle 25 million passengers a year. A second phase could take the capacity up to 50 million a year. There is an aspiration for the airport to become the largest in the world, with a capacity of 100 million passengers a year.
Another sector developing quickly is media. In April, Neom furthered its ambition to become the region’s leading TV and film production hub by opening more stages at its Media Village. The village now has four stages offering 12,000 sq m of production space. Six more stages are under development. Neom is also increasing its resort-style accommodation for cast and crew.
As well as gaining access to filming locations across Neom’s varied landscapes, companies using the facilities can enjoy Neom’s highly attractive production incentives, including cash rebates of over 40 per cent.
As these sectors and others advance, Neom will morph again from a construction project into a full-fledged economy. When launched in 2017, its GDP was projected to reach $100bn by 2030 – equivalent at the time to more than one-seventh of the kingdom’s GDP of $688bn. By focusing on nine high-value sectors, the Neom economy will be an affluent one. Its GDP per capita is projected to become the highest in the world.
Main image: Construction work is advancing on Sindalah Island, which is planned to open in early 2024. Credit: Neom
MEED's April 2023 special report on Saudi Arabia includes:
> GIGAPROJECTS: Saudi Arabia under project pressure
> ECONOMY: Riyadh steps up the Vision 2030 tempo
> CONSTRUCTION: Saudi construction project ramp-up accelerates
> UPSTREAM: Aramco slated to escalate upstream spending
> DOWNSTREAM: Petchems ambitions define Saudi downstream
> POWER: Saudi Arabia reinvigorates power sector
> WATER: Saudi water begins next growth phase
> BANKING: Saudi banks bid to keep ahead of the pack
Exclusive from Meed
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Contractors prepare bids for Morocco power line2 November 2026
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Adnoc Onshore allows more time for Bab gas cap well tie-in bids2 November 2026
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Bahrain’s Gateway Gulf brings $20bn of deals2 November 2026
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Egypt’s Petrojet wins gas pipeline project worth $170m2 November 2026
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GCC projects market holds its nerve1 November 2026
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Adnoc Onshore allows more time for Bab gas cap well tie-in bids2 November 2026

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Bab gas cap project infrastructure
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The other three packages of the Bab gas cap project are also in the main contract tendering stages.
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Bab Gas Cap concession
In addition to Adnoc Gas overseeing the main EPC tendering exercise for the gas processing plant, Abu Dhabi’s Supreme Council for Financial and Economic Affairs (SCFEA) awarded concession agreements in June for the development and production of the Bab gas cap reserve.
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The project, operated by Adnoc Onshore, is expected to have a production capacity of approximately 1.5 billion cf/d of natural gas, equivalent to about 15% of Adnoc Gas’ total operational gas processing capacity.
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Bahrain’s Gateway Gulf brings $20bn of deals2 November 2026
More than 110 announcements worth over $20bn will be made at the Gateway Gulf Investment Forum in Bahrain, according to the country's finance minister.
"Over the next two days at Gateway Gulf, more than 110 announcements worth over $20bn will be made," Sheikh Salman Bin Khalifa Al-Khalifa, Finance & National Economy Minister, said at the opening of the forum's fourth edition on 1 November in Bahrain.
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The minister said the region's economies have been "tested as never before" since the previous edition of the forum a year earlier.
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Sheikh Salman said the Gulf economy has grown to $2.4tn in GDP. Non-oil sectors account for more than 86% of Bahrain's GDP and more than 77% across the Gulf, he said.
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The minister said Bahrain is focusing on regulation, infrastructure and people to attract investment.
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Egypt’s Petrojet wins gas pipeline project worth $170m2 November 2026

An onshore gas pipeline contract awarded to Egypt’s Petrojet has a value of $170m, according industry sources.
The pipeline will connect to Egypt’s Damietta liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminal and is part of a broader project to develop gas reserves in Cyprus and export the gas using infrastructure in Egypt.
Recently, several contracts have been signed in relation to the project, which is being developed by Italian oil and gas company Eni.
These include US-based Baker Hughes signing a contract for the design, procurement and construction of subsea production systems, including associated equipment and control systems.
Italy's Dalmine will supply subsea gas export and monoethylene glycol pipelines, while US-listed TechnipFMC will design, procure and manufacture flexible gas production pipelines.
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Gas production is expected to come online in the first half of 2028.
Since the US and Israel attacked Iran on 28 February, sparking a regional conflict, there has been increased interest in oil and gas assets in North African countries such as Egypt.
The ongoing conflict has made exporting oil and gas through the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab El-Mandeb Strait more difficult due to attacks on shipping.
Unlike many Middle East nations, Egypt, Algeria and Libya do not need to use these export routes and can continue to ship oil and gas without disruption.
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GCC projects market holds its nerve1 November 2026

The war in the Gulf is now inflicting deep damage on the region’s economies. In its October World Economic Outlook, the IMF forecasts contraction in every GCC state except Oman in 2026. Saudi Arabia’s real GDP is projected to shrink by 3.3%, after 4.6% growth in 2025, and the UAE’s by 3.9%, after 6.2% growth.
The IMF expects Kuwait’s economy to contract by 16.7%, Qatar’s by 15.6% and Bahrain’s by 11.3%, as energy and transport disruption cuts exports. Oman, with routes outside the Strait of Hormuz, is forecast to grow by 4.1%.The fund has cut its 2026 forecast for the Middle East and Central Asia by 2.2 percentage points since April, to a contraction of 0.3%, citing a longer closure of the strait than it had previously assumed. The revision for Saudi Arabia is 6.4 percentage points. The IMF now assumes the strait will reopen in March 2027, with a return to prewar conditions broadly by October 2027.
There is little sign of an early end to hostilities. On 10 October, a Houthi-attributed strike on a passenger terminal at Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport killed 12 people and injured 309, according to Saudi Arabia’s General Authority of Civil Aviation. Airport operations were suspended and several international airlines cancelled flights.
Yet the region’s projects market is holding up far better than its economies. Data from MEED Projects shows that contract awards in 2026 have proved resilient, with clients across the GCC continuing to commit capital to new schemes.
The GCC projects market has absorbed almost eight months of conflict better than its economies
Resilient awards
The UAE leads the regional market for a second consecutive year, with the value of contract awards 6.1% higher than in the same period of 2025. Oman and Kuwait are also running ahead of last year’s pace, despite the IMF’s forecast that Kuwait’s economy will contract by about a sixth.
Saudi Arabia has awarded $68.8bn of contracts so far this year, 13% less than in the same period of 2025. Given that the kingdom has been the main target of the Houthi campaign, and was already revising its spending priorities before the conflict, the decline is modest.
The comparison is against a high base. The past three years have seen unprecedented GCC capital expenditure, supported by higher oil prices, residential demand and national vision programmes. More than three quarters has been concentrated in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
The gap between economic output and project spending reflects the nature of the projects market. Governments and state-linked entities can sustain capital budgets through a downturn using reserves and borrowing. GDP contraction, by contrast, reflects lost oil and gas exports, tourism and trade.
The UAE’s performance this year has been driven by the gas and transport sectors, which have recorded the strongest growth. Construction, the country’s largest sector, has declined as the real estate market has cooled.
Abu Dhabi has been the standout performer. Contract awards in the capital are up 35% on the same period of last year, with growth across the construction, gas, oil and transport sectors.
Public spending is a central reason for that resilience. Fitch Ratings expects Abu Dhabi’s spending to rise by 19% this year, equivalent to 3.7% of GDP, to support the non-oil economy. Data from the Central Bank of the UAE shows consolidated government capital expenditure rose to AED18.6bn ($5.1bn) in Q1 2026 from
AED2bn in Q1 2025.Fitch expects UAE infrastructure and government-related entity capital spending to rise significantly in 2026 and 2027, both to strengthen resilience against future conflicts and stimulate the economy. Emirates have already accelerated tendering on several projects.
Transport remains a priority. Plans include further sections of the national passenger rail network, a high-speed rail link between Dubai and Abu Dhabi, a light rail system in Abu Dhabi and the Dubai Metro Gold Line. The $35bn expansion of Al-Maktoum International airport in Dubai is moving towards delivery with the award of the first major construction packages.
Economic headwinds
Both the IMF and Fitch expect a strong rebound once the strait reopens. The IMF forecasts 2027 growth of 7.7% in the UAE, 7.9% in Saudi Arabia, 18.8% in Qatar and 17.1% in Kuwait. Fitch forecasts UAE non-oil growth of 6.1% next year. Paul Gamble, senior director at Fitch, cautioned that prolonged insecurity “will call into question logistical advantages” that underpin the UAE’s growth model.
Beneath the headline award totals, there are warning signs. Regional contract awards performed well between March and June, but the value of work awarded in recent months has dropped sharply compared with the same months of 2025. According to MEED Projects, the main cause is a fall in the number of tenders being issued, particularly in real estate.
The timing is significant. The strong period included the April ceasefire, when clients appear to have pressed ahead expecting a short conflict. Tendering slowed as hostilities resumed. In July, Iranian attacks reached Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Jordan and Oman, while Houthi escalation against Saudi Arabia began.
The pattern suggests conflict fatigue may be setting in, with clients deferring projects amid a war with no clear end date. As tendering is a leading indicator, the impact on awards is likely to become more visible in coming months.
In Saudi Arabia, monthly performance has been mixed as the market adjusts to revised spending priorities and the regional conflict. Most sectors are up on last year, with the exception of power and water, which has struggled in 2026, possibly as a result of overbuilding in the past three years. The kingdom’s gigaprojects have continued their retreat. Awards peaked at $31.7bn in 2023 and fell to $14.4bn in 2025. The total so far in 2026 is $9.4bn, most of it for work at Qiddiya, Diriyah and Rua Al-Madinah.
The GCC has more than $3.4tn of known, planned and unawarded projects over the next 10 to 15 years
Dubai slowdown
The clearest signal of the conflict’s impact on the projects market comes from Dubai. The emirate’s market performed strongly until May. Since then, activity has been subdued, and contract awards for the year to date are 0.6% lower than in the same period of 2025.
The main cause is a decline in residential contract awards. Data from Bayut and the Dubai Land Department shows a marked fall in the value of off-plan sales since late February, when the war began. Residential construction awards have fallen in step, with no sign of the time lag that would normally be expected.
Third-quarter figures from Savills confirm the trend. Residential transactions fell 38% year on year to 34,500, and transaction value dropped 46% to AED70.8bn ($19.3bn) from AED132.2bn. The decline was concentrated in the off-plan segment, where value fell to AED45.7bn in Q3 from AED61.3bn in Q2, while ready-market value rose to AED25.1bn from AED21.3bn.
Developers have sharply reduced new launches. Savills recorded about 5,000 units launched in Q3, taking the total for the year to date to about 50,000, roughly 64% below the same period of 2025. Fewer launches mean fewer construction contracts, which explains why residential awards have fallen so quickly. More than 525,000 units are scheduled for delivery between 2027 and 2030, which Fitch says could add pressure to a sector accounting for 8% of non-oil GDP if population growth weakens.
Escaping Hormuz
The conflict is also generating new project demand. Saudi Arabia is prioritising ports and transport infrastructure on the Red Sea coast, along with new pipelines to the Red Sea and to Oman. The UAE is developing ports and transport links to the east coast and Oman, and additional pipelines to Fujairah. Fitch anticipates new and expanded road, rail, pipeline and port infrastructure in Oman and Saudi Arabia as GCC states seek routes that bypass the strait.
The IMF’s forecasts underline the value of those routes. It describes Saudi Arabia as “somewhat less affected” than its neighbours because of its more diversified export routes, while Oman is the only GCC state forecast to grow this year. Houthi strikes on Aramco facilities in Yanbu in September show that Red Sea infrastructure is not beyond reach, however. Defence spending is rising in both Saudi Arabia and the UAE, and repair and rehabilitation work will add to the pipeline once hostilities end.
The long-term fundamentals remain strong: the GCC has more than $3.4tn of known, planned and unawarded projects over the next 10 to 15 years, about half of it in Saudi Arabia. Many of the kingdom’s priorities are tied to fixed dates, with Riyadh hosting the World Expo in 2030 and Saudi Arabia hosting the Fifa World Cup in 2034.
The capacity to fund this pipeline depends on oil revenues. MEED’s assessment is that crude prices must remain above $70-$80 a barrel for spending levels to be maintained. With exports through Hormuz disrupted, the volume of oil Gulf producers can move to market matters as much as the price.
The GCC projects market has absorbed almost eight months of conflict better than its economies. The question for the final quarter is whether the slowdown in tendering is a temporary pause or the start of a sustained retreat. If the IMF’s assumption of a March 2027 reopening of the strait holds, clients will be setting their 2027 budgets with a rebound in sight. If it slips, the resilience of contract awards will face a sterner test.
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