Neom becomes real-world building project

26 April 2023

This package on Neom also includes:

> SITE REPORT: World’s largest piling project shifts to The Line’s marina
> INTERVIEW: Neom to fix construction
> MOVIE SET: Neom advances plans to be leading movie destination
> TUNNELS: Neom tenders Delta Junction tunnel contracts
> OXAGON: Work to start for $1.5bn Oxagon wind turbine plant


 

The launch of Neom by Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman at the Future Investment Initiative (IFI) in Riyadh in October 2017 challenged the world’s imagination and marked the beginning of Saudi Arabia’s gigaprojects era.

Strategically located close to neighbouring Jordan and Egypt, the 26,500 square-kilometre project is about the size of Belgium.  With a $500bn price tag, it quickly became known as the world’s largest construction project.

In the six years that followed, there has been a steady wave of announcements detailing the individual components of Neom. Each launch has been accompanied by marketing campaigns showcasing slick computer-generated imagery (CGI) of futuristic cities that aim to change how mankind will live. 

Unless working on these projects directly, Neom has been an abstract idea for most people. That started to change in January when Neom released a progress video of construction work on Sindalah Island, which is due to open its doors in 2024. Then in March, MEED visited Neom to witness the work progressing The Line, which is now the world’s largest piling project. 

The images of construction equipment toiling on site showed that after six years of planning, Neom is here.

In 2022, there were $13.6bn of contract awards at Neom, surpassed only by Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Qatar 

Awards soar 

As Neom morphs from a futuristic concept into a real-world building project, the construction industry has started to benefit from a sharp increase in contract awards, which by mid-April 2023 totalled $27bn. 

As construction activity ramps up, the data shows that Neom is no longer a single project offering tactical opportunities. It has become a strategic market in its own right. 

In 2022, there were $13.6bn of contract awards at Neom, surpassed only by Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Qatar. 

On a submarket level, the total value of contract awards exceeds the Saudi capital Riyadh, where there were $11bn of awards, and Dubai, which has traditionally been regarded as a hotbed of construction, with $9.3bn of awards in 2022. 

As tendering activity continues for major contracts, Neom’s prominence as a projects market will likely increase further. 

So far, four major components of Neom have been officially launched by Prince Mohammed. They are The Line, Trojena,
Oxagon and Sindalah Island. Meanwhile, work has also progressed on other projects that have yet to be officially launched with the full CGI treatment, such as Neom International airport and the Gulf of Aqaba.

The Line was the first to be launched in January 2021 as a 170-kilometre linear belt of hyper-connected, car-free communities. Then in July 2022, the designs of The Line’s mirrored buildings were revealed. They are 200 metres wide and 500 metres above sea level, running entirely on renewable energy. Once complete, The Line will accommodate 9 million residents.

Piling work has started for the first modules of buildings that make up The Line (click here for images of the site). Infrastructure work for The Spine, the infrastructure corridor parallel to The Line that includes the high-speed rail, is also advancing.

Floating city

The second major project launch was Oxagon industrial city in November 2021. It will be built around an integrated port and logistics hub, with its octagonal design minimising environmental impact and optimising land usage. The city will feature the world’s largest floating structure and be powered by 100 per cent clean energy. 

The first major area of construction for Oxagon is the expansion of the existing Duba port. A contract for the first phase of that project was awarded earlier this year and a second phase is being tendered.

In March 2022, Prince Mohammed announced Trojena. Located in the mountains, it has temperatures 10 degrees Celsius lower than other regional cities and offers the potential for snow-covered ski slopes.

Trojena dams face countdown to make it snow

Trojena received added impetus in October last year when it was selected to host the ninth Asian Winter Games in 2029. Trojena will have two competition clusters for the games: a snow cluster for sports, including alpine skiing, snowboarding and slalom; and an ice cluster for sports, including ice hockey, figure skating and curling. The games village will have 14 luxury hotels and be powered entirely by renewable energy.

Construction contracts covering major infrastructure elements such as three major dams are at the tendering stage. Procurement activity is also starting for major buildings such as The Vault, which is a 198-metre-high, 253-metre-wide and 864-metre-long building that will serve as the gateway to Trojena.

Sindalah, Neom’s first luxury island destination, was announced in December 2022 and construction work is advancing (see main image). Once complete, the island will feature a marina, hotels and a golf course. 

Delivering these projects is a major challenge for the construction sector. Resource scarcity is a key issue for all projects in the kingdom, with construction companies already struggling to meet the demand for their services and expertise. Neom, along with its owner, the Public Investment Fund (PIF), is taking steps to address these challenges by investing in local construction firms, attracting international companies, improving payment terms and adopting alternative procurement methods. Despite these efforts, the construction sector faces sustained pressure.

New economy

Neom is much more than just a collection of construction projects. While other projects in the region offer opportunities for the construction sector and associated asset management services such as facilities management and hotel operation, the scale of Neom means it is creating a new economy.

It is an economy that not only aims to support the development of nine sectors to achieve the goals outlined in Vision 2030, but also intends to transform the way those sectors operate. 

The industrial city Oxagon will play a key role. Neom plans to create an integrated port and logistics hub that will be home to seven innovative sectors: sustainable energy, autonomous mobility, water innovation, sustainable food production, health and wellbeing, technology and digital manufacturing, and modern methods of construction. 

The Neom green fuels project is key to Oxagon’s clean energy ambitions. The integrated facility will produce hydrogen to be synthesised into carbon-free ammonia. Full construction work began on the project earlier this year after it reached financial closure. The facility is expected to be commissioned in 2026.

Neom, US-based Air Products and Acwa Power each have a 33.3 per cent stake in Neom Green Hydrogen Company, the special project vehicle implementing the project.

Aviation is another major area of investment. Neom plans to start operating its own airline, Neom Airlines, at the end of 2024 from the existing Neom Bay airport before operating from Neom International – a greenfield development inland close to Tabuk at the end of The Line.

Neom will morph from a construction project into a full-fledged economy

International airport

Plans for the international airport are advancing. US firm Aecom has been awarded a contract to provide project management consultancy services, and a series of construction and supply contracts are due to be tendered this year.

Although not confirmed, it is understood the first phase of the airport will have the capacity to handle 25 million passengers a year. A second phase could take the capacity up to 50 million a year. There is an aspiration for the airport to become the largest in the world, with a capacity of 100 million passengers a year. 

Another sector developing quickly is media. In April, Neom furthered its ambition to become the region’s leading TV and film production hub by opening more stages at its Media Village. The village now has four stages offering 12,000 sq m of production space. Six more stages are under development. Neom is also increasing its resort-style accommodation for cast and crew.

As well as gaining access to filming locations across Neom’s varied landscapes, companies using the facilities can enjoy Neom’s highly attractive production incentives, including cash rebates of over 40 per cent.

As these sectors and others advance, Neom will morph again from a construction project into a full-fledged economy. When launched in 2017, its GDP was projected to reach $100bn by 2030 – equivalent at the time to more than one-seventh of the kingdom’s GDP of $688bn. By focusing on nine high-value sectors, the Neom economy will be an affluent one. Its GDP per capita is projected to become the highest in the world.

Main image: Construction work is advancing on Sindalah Island, which is planned to open in early 2024. Credit: Neom


MEED's April 2023 special report on Saudi Arabia includes:

> GIGAPROJECTS: Saudi Arabia under project pressure
> ECONOMY: Riyadh steps up the Vision 2030 tempo
> CONSTRUCTION: Saudi construction project ramp-up accelerates
> UPSTREAM: Aramco slated to escalate upstream spending
> DOWNSTREAM: Petchems ambitions define Saudi downstream
> POWER: Saudi Arabia reinvigorates power sector
> WATER: Saudi water begins next growth phase
> BANKING: Saudi banks bid to keep ahead of the pack

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Colin Foreman
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    Replacing LNG

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    Christopher Doleman, a gas specialist at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (Ieefa), believes that long-term demand for LNG will be eroded by the current crisis.

    “Prior to the war, a lot of countries were already somewhat hesitant to develop new LNG import infrastructure,” he said.

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    Everybody’s starting to realise that there is something inherently insecure about the LNG supply chain and they don’t want to have to deal with an affordability crisis every four years
    Christopher Doleman, Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis

    Second thoughts

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    It has been reported that ministers are considering replacing the project with a major hydroelectric power station, which was referred to the country’s fast-track consent panel in the last week of March.

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    Speaking at a conference on 4 March, Oliver Naidu from Netherlands-based Royal Vopak said the company now plans to decide on the $3bn terminal in the first quarter of 2028.

    The power station and regasification complex, slated for development in the Durban area, would have had the capacity to produce 1.0-1.8GW of electricity.

    Nuclear and coal

    In South Korea, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) restarted unit 2 at its Kori nuclear power plant this month.

    The facility had been offline for three years since its original 40-year operating permit expired in April 2023.

    Commenting on the restart, KHNP president Kim Hoe-Cheon said: “In a situation where energy supply instability persists, the continued operation of nuclear power plants based on safety is an important means of securing national energy security.”

    Across Asia, there has also been a surge in the use of both solar and coal amid high LNG prices.

    In Pakistan, the country’s Power Minister, Awais Leghari, said that the country would pivot away from LNG to focus on domestically produced coal.

    “With a reduction in LNG generation, plants running on locally mined coal will be able to produce more during off-peak hours,” Leghari told Reuters.

    Similar coal ramp-ups are also taking place in Vietnam, the Philippines and Thailand.

    Coleman believes increased use of both coal and renewables could mean LNG’s role in the global energy mix falls short of previous expectations over the coming years.

    “It’s possible that we will see a dual surge – where both renewables and coal use are ramped up,” he said.

    “This is an interesting prospect because it will effectively remove gas as a so-called ‘bridge-fuel’ and we may see the transition progressing more directly to the use of renewables and battery storage, with less of a role for gas than was previously expected.

    “Really, it’s turned out that LNG was just a bridge to volatility and insecurity compared to something like solar, which is very reliable and predictable.”

    Eroded outlook

    The demand destruction in LNG-importing countries driven by the current energy crisis is likely to mean that the long-term market for LNG exports could be significantly smaller than previously thought, negatively impacting LNG producers worldwide.

    Qatar and the UAE are likely to be hit harder than producers in other regions for several reasons.

    Attacks on infrastructure and disruptions to shipping are preventing them from capitalising on the current period of high prices, while producers in other regions are recording windfall profits.

    In addition, dealing with the logistical and financial consequences of the conflict is likely to divert resources away from progressing new projects, pursuing efficiencies and securing future customers.

    Another factor likely to weigh on LNG operators in Qatar and the UAE is the persistence of customer concerns about the reliability of shipping LNG via the Strait of Hormuz.

    This could compel Adnoc Gas and QatarEnergy to sell at a relative discount compared with sellers in other regions, or to increase contractual flexibility.

    It could even push these producers to rethink future projects to diversify export routes. For Qatar, this could take the form of a gas pipeline via neighbouring countries. For the UAE, one option could be developing an LNG terminal on the other side of the Strait of Hormuz, reducing reliance on the bottleneck controlled by Iran.

    While the current conflict is a major setback for LNG operators in the UAE and Qatar, once the Strait of Hormuz reopens and security risks diminish, it is likely that exports will ramp up relatively quickly and former clients will return.

    However, questions remain about when this will happen. If safe passage for LNG tankers can be secured within days or weeks, the long-term impact is likely to be limited.

    If disruption continues for longer, it could transform the outlook for the Middle East’s LNG sector for years to come.

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    Wil Crisp