Monthly briefing: 20 key developments in the region
25 October 2022
By MEED staff
> Opec and its allies cut oil output
> Saipem wins $4.5bn North Field offshore gas contract
> Qatar to inaugurate 800MW solar farm
> Lebanon and Israel agree maritime border deal
> Aramco launches SME stimulator programme
> Region to be third-largest hydrogen source by 2050
> Egypt ready to supply natural gas to Lebanon
> Riyadh makes debt announcements
> Neom hydrogen project expected to close by year-end
> Abu Dhabi transfers ownership of Etihad Airways to ADQ
> Mipco secures $4bn to refinance Abu Dhabi plant
OIL OUTPUT CUTS
Opec+ to slash production from November to keep prices high
The Opec+ alliance of oil producers has decided to reduce oil production by 2 million barrels a day (b/d) from November to further shore up crude prices, which have fluctuated amid fears that a global recession could curb oil demand.
The decision, which was led by Saudi Arabia and Russia, was taken at a meeting of the group in Austria on 5 October.
The move represents a major reversal in production policy for Opec+, which slashed output by a record 10 million b/d in early 2020 when demand plummeted as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Since then, the group has gradually unwound those cuts. Read more
Tight oil market increases unease for stakeholders

The 33rd Opec and non-Opec ministerial meeting on 5 October. Credit: Opec
US FALLOUT
Saudi Arabia and UAE condemn US warning of ‘consequences’
Saudi Arabia and the UAE have rejected as baseless accusations that the Opec+ decision to reduce oil production from November was politically motivated against the US.
Riyadh has insisted decisions by Opec and its allies were taken “purely on economic considerations”, and said its economic advice had been to resist calls to delay the production cut.
The UAE issued a statement calling upon the US to refrain from “politicisation” of the Opec+ decision. US President Joe Biden had previously warned that there would be “consequences” for Saudi Arabia and the Opec+ members for their decision to cut oil output.
EGYPT
World leaders to gather for meeting on climate change
Leaders from almost 200 countries will meet in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, on 6-18 November for the UN’s 27th Conference of the Parties (Cop 27) climate change summit.
Egypt’s International Cooperation Minister, Rania al-Mashat, has previously said that the focus of Cop 27 should be moving from “pledges to implementation”. The conference aims to deliver action on issues critical to tackling the climate emergency, from reducing greenhouse gas emissions, building resilience and adapting to the impacts of climate change, to delivering on the commitments to finance climate action in developing countries.
STEEL
Region could lead global steel decarbonisation efforts
As the global steel industry considers switching to direct reduced iron (DRI) production, the Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region is primed to start producing carbon-neutral steel, according to a report by the Institute for Energy Economics & Financial Analysis.
“The Mena region can lead the world if it shifts promptly to renewables and applies green hydrogen in its steel sector,” says Soroush Basirat, the author of the report.
“The region’s steel sector is dominated by direct reduced iron-electric arc furnace technology, which releases lower emissions than the … coal-fuelled blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace process used in 71 per cent of global crude steel production in 2021.”
The Mena region produced just 3 per cent of global crude steel last year, but accounted for nearly 46 per cent of the world’s DRI production.
Basirat adds: “Mena has an established supply of DR-grade iron ore and its iron ore pelletising plants are among the world’s largest.”
SAUDI ARABIA
Riyadh announces government spending increase in 2022-24
Saudi Arabia has announced increases in government spending in 2022-24 of more than 18 per cent, which is close to SR175bn ($47bn) or 4 to 4.5 per cent of GDP.
The rise in spending targets points to smaller fiscal surpluses in the coming years, according to Moody’s Investors Service.
Increased spending could contribute to reducing the kingdom’s economic reliance on hydrocarbons, provided the spending is successfully deployed to advance government-sponsored diversification projects.
Saudi Arabia’s finances and ambition align
IRAQ
Prime minister-designate vows to act against corruption
Iraq’s prime minister-designate Mohammed Shia al-Sudani has pledged to take action against corruption after authorities announced that ID3.7tn ($2.5bn) had been embezzled from the General Tax Authority’s trust account held by a branch of Rafidain Bank.
The Iraqi Integrity Commission has said it is opening an investigation into the theft
On 13 October, Iraq’s parliament elected Abdul Latif Rashid as the country’s new president. He then tasked Al-Sudani with forming a new government to end a year of political gridlock.
Al-Sudani faces a challenge in the coming weeks as he attempts to appoint a new cabinet of ministers. Members of the Iraqi political bloc led by Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr have said that they will not join the new government.
YEMEN
Houthi rebels attack oil terminal in southern Yemen
Iran-backed Houthi rebels have claimed responsibility for an attack on a cargo ship at an oil terminal in the south of the country on 21 October. The group said the attack by explosives-laden drones was meant to prevent pro-government forces from using the Al-Dhabba terminal for oil exports.
The incident occurred in Ash-Shihr in the Hadramawt governorate, and targeted the Marshall Islands-flagged tanker Nissos Kea. The Greek owners of the tanker said it was undamaged.
The internationally recognised government of Yemen said that its forces had intercepted armed drones launched against the Al-Dhabba oil terminal.
UN special envoy for Yemen, Hans Grundberg, called the attack a “deeply worrying military escalation”. The Yemeni government sent a letter to the UN Security Council regarding the “threat to disrupt international maritime navigation and target ships and oil infrastructures”.
The attack was the first military action announced by the Houthis since a truce between Yemen’s warring sides expired on 2 October.
LEBANON-ISRAEL
Lebanon and Israel reach maritime border deal
Lebanon and Israel have forged a deal to end a long-running maritime border dispute in the gas-rich Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon’s deputy speaker Elias Bou Saab said that an agreement had been reached that satisfies both sides.
It is hoped that the new deal will resolve the two countries’ dispute over a swathe of territory in the Mediterranean Sea in an area where Lebanon aims to explore for natural gas, and near waters where Israel has already found commercially viable quantities of hydrocarbons. Read more
GCC
Region faces green hydrogen production challenges
GCC governments including Oman, Saudi Arabia and the UAE are developing zero-carbon green hydrogen and low-carbon blue hydrogen schemes. However, achieving large-scale production, especially of green hydrogen, will be challenging in the coming years, according to Moody’s Investors Service.
While both green and blue hydrogen will play a role in reducing the global carbon footprint, only green hydrogen has the potential to reduce the reliance of GCC countries on hydrocarbons, but this will take several years, Moody’s says.
In the short to medium term, GCC countries’ access to cheap domestic natural gas, their carbon capture and storage expertise, and the limited availability of infrastructure make blue hydrogen production a more viable option than the more expensive and challenging production of green hydrogen.
Region to be third-largest hydrogen source by 2050
Exclusive from Meed
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Contractors submit bids for key Aramco offshore tenders4 August 2026
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Credit ratings key to infrastructure finance4 August 2026
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AtkinsRealis confirms Sphere Abu Dhabi role4 August 2026
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Oman opens door to direct power sales4 August 2026
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Opec+ agrees sixth straight month of oil output hikes3 August 2026
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Contractors submit bids for key Aramco offshore tenders4 August 2026

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Contractors in Saudi Aramco’s Long-Term Agreement (LTA) pool of offshore service providers have submitted bids for five offshore tenders covering the engineering, procurement, construction and installation (EPCI) of structures at the Abu Safah, Berri, Manifa, Marjan, Safaniya and Zuluf offshore oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia.
The tenders are numbers 167, 168, 169, 170 and 171 on Aramco’s Contract Release and Purchase Order (CRPO) system, according to sources.
Aramco issued the five CRPOs to its offshore LTA contractors in December, setting an initial bid submission deadline of 3 February.
The Saudi energy giant has since extended the bid submission deadline several times – to 31 March, 1 June, 1 July and then 30 July – to allow LTA contractors sufficient time to prepare proposals.
At the request of certain bidders, Aramco granted a final two-day extension, with LTA contractors submitting their proposals for the five CRPOs on 1 August, sources told MEED.
The basic scope of EPCI work on the tenders is as follows:
- CRPO 167 – eight jackets at the Marjan field development
- CRPO 168 – four production deck modules (PDMs) at the Abu Safah, Berri, Manifa and Safaniya fields
- CRPO 169 – three PDMs at the Marjan field development
- CRPO 170 – three PDMs at the Marjan field development
- CRPO 171 – three PDMs at the Zuluf field development
Offshore contract awards
Aramco spent almost $11bn on offshore EPCI contracts last year, more than double its capital expenditure on offshore projects in 2024, marking another year of robust upstream project spending in Saudi Arabia.
In July, Aramco selected contractors for five CRPOs – numbers 150, 157, 158, 159 and 160 – worth over $3bn. These involve EPCI work and infrastructure upgrades at the Abu Safah, Berri, Manifa, Marjan and Zuluf offshore fields.
The Saudi energy giant then picked contractors for four more CRPOs that are part of the large-scale project to expand infrastructure at the Zuluf offshore field development. The tenders are CRPOs 145, 146, 147 and 148, and their combined value is estimated to be almost $6bn.
In late December last year, Italian contractor Saipem announced securing contracts for CRPOs 162 and 165. The scope of work on CRPO 162 covers the EPCI of two rigid pipelines – a 30-inch pipeline stretching 23.98 kilometres (km) and a 20-inch pipeline, 10.23km-long; replacement of a flexible 10-inch pipeline that spans 5.1km; and modification work on topsides at the Berri and Abu Safah field developments. The duration of this contract is 32 months, Saipem said.
The scope of work on CRPO 165, lasting 12 months, includes subsea interventions at the Marjan field development and the EPCI of 300 metres of onshore pipeline and associated tie-ins.
In early January 2026, MEED reported that Aramco had selected US-based McDermott International for CRPO 166. The scope of work is understood to have been carved out of the $15bn Marjan offshore field development project, under which Aramco issued contracts for 20 EPCI packages in 2019. McDermott won the largest share of work on the project, securing an estimated $4.5bn of contracts across two packages.
The contract for CRPO 166 was single-sourced to McDermott without a competitive tendering process and issued as a change order, sources told MEED.
Aramco then awarded its second offshore contract of the year, CRPO 156, to Saipem. The scope of work covers the EPCI of a 48-inch trunkline, spanning roughly 65km offshore and 12km onshore, from the Safaniya offshore oil field to the onshore processing facility, plus associated works such as subsea hook-ups.
CRPO 156 comprises the third package in Aramco’s latest expansion phase at Safaniya – the world’s largest offshore oil field, with a production capacity of nearly 1.2 million barrels a day (b/d). Discovered in 1951, the field is located in Gulf waters approximately 265km north of Aramco’s headquarters in Dhahran.
MEED also reported that Saipem was selected by Aramco for two more tenders as part of the Safaniya field development expansion phase – CRPOs 154 and 155. The combined contract value for CRPOs 154 and 155 is estimated at $600m, sources said.
In April, state-owned China Offshore Oil Engineering Company won CRPO 161, which covers the EPCI of four gas jackets at the Arabiyah, Hasbah and Karan offshore fields.
Healthy contract award pipeline
Looking ahead, in addition to CRPOs 167-171, which are currently under bidding, Aramco is evaluating bids submitted by its offshore LTA contractors in July and August last year for at least two additional tenders.
These are CRPOs 163 and 164, relating to the EPCI of infrastructure at the Abu Safah, Berri, Karan, Marjan and Safaniya fields.
Separately, the offshore LTA contractors are also bidding for a new tender – CRPO 176 – that was issued by Aramco in May, according to sources.
The scope of work on CRPO 176 covers the EPCI of seven flexible subsea pipelines with a combined length of 17km at the Berri and Marjan offshore field developments.
Aramco’s LTA pool of offshore service providers comprises the following entities:
- Saipem (Italy)
- McDermott International (US)
- Larsen & Toubro Energy Hydrocarbon (LTEH, India) / Subsea7 (UK)
- NMDC Energy (UAE)
- Lamprell (UAE/Saudi Arabia)
- China Offshore Oil Engineering Company (China)
- Dynamic Industries (US)
- Sapura Energy (Malaysia)
- TechnipFMC (France) / MMHE (Malaysia)
- Hyundai Heavy Industries (South Korea)
In April 2025, Aramco renewed its LTAs with the following contractors, whose contracts had either lapsed or were close to expiry:
- Saipem
- McDermott International
- Larsen & Toubro Energy Hydrocarbon / Subsea7
- NMDC Energy
- Lamprell
- China Offshore Oil Engineering Company
ALSO READ: Aramco moves apace with Jafurah unconventional gas campaign
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Credit ratings key to infrastructure finance4 August 2026
A global convergence in how infrastructure is financed is creating new pools of capital for Gulf projects, but the region’s non-OECD status means credit ratings will be central to unlocking the largest of these, according to Fitch Ratings.
The ratings agency said the boundaries between project finance, corporate credit and structured finance are blurring as investors seek to optimise financing for the infrastructure required to support the digital buildout and energy transition. Rising interest from institutional investors in private credit, particularly asset-backed lending, is accelerating the adoption of tailored financing structures.
For the GCC, the shift is important because of a specific regulatory constraint. Under EU Solvency II rules, unrated infrastructure debt sourced from outside the OECD cannot be treated as qualifying infrastructure. Fitch said this means that for investors seeking to access infrastructure opportunities in Saudi Arabia, India and other non-OECD markets, a credit rating is necessary for regulatory capital treatment.
The distinction is significant for a region running one of the world’s largest project pipelines. Saudi Arabia, the UAE and their neighbours are financing large-scale projects across the power, water, transport and digital infrastructure sectors, and much of the incremental capital Fitch identifies is held by regulated institutions for which ratings determine capital charges.
Insurers pivot
Insurers and pension funds are among the most significant structural sources of infrastructure capital, with global aggregated assets of about $45tn and $40tn respectively. Fitch says their increasing involvement is directly intertwined with the role of credit ratings, as cost-of-duration mismatches within solvency regimes push insurers towards liability-driven investment strategies that better match assets with liabilities.
Insurer allocations to infrastructure have historically been low, at a global median of about 1% of investment portfolios. Fitch said this is changing rapidly. It cited a Nuveen survey conducted at the end of 2025 indicating that private market infrastructure debt is set to be the most favoured destination for fixed-income allocation for the third consecutive year, with 46% of respondents planning to grow allocations over the next two years.
Sovereign wealth funds also play a major role, with over 30% of their private market fund allocations going to infrastructure, with AI-linked infrastructure the dominant sub-theme, displacing transport and logistics for new commitments. Energy transition ranked a close second, often aligned with national strategic objectives.
Larger funds with more than $100bn in assets are deploying directly and through co-investments, bypassing fund structures to reduce fees and increase control. Fitch said such funds are increasingly price-setters in large infrastructure deals, and that their strategic national mandates mean they will absorb assets at returns that pure financial investors would reject.
Regional outlook
For the GCC specifically, Fitch said additional investment is likely to support security enhancements for core infrastructure assets in response to conflict in the region, alongside upgrades to transport and social infrastructure. It expects increased renewable power capacity and enhanced oil and gas-related infrastructure.
READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDFSaudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.
Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
> WORLD CUP: What the 2026 World Cup means for Saudi Arabia 2034> MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge> INDUSTRY REPORT: GCC banks prove resilient amid turmoil> LEADERSHIP: Private capital and the GCC infrastructure inflection> INTERVIEW: Developers look beyond standalone solarTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/18079923/main.gif -
AtkinsRealis confirms Sphere Abu Dhabi role4 August 2026
AtkinsRealis has confirmed it has been appointed lead design and supervision consultant on the $1.7bn Sphere Abu Dhabi project on Yas Island.
The Canadian engineering and project management firm said it will partner with local firm Alec Engineering & Contracting on the venue, which is scheduled to open in 2029.
AtkinsRealis will be responsible for overall design coordination across architecture, structural engineering and specialist immersive technologies. Alec – appointed by Abu Dhabi’s Department of Culture & Tourism (DCT Abu Dhabi) – will oversee procurement, construction delivery and project completion.
The project is being delivered under a design-and-build framework.
Alec Holdings confirmed in May that its subsidiary, Alec Engineering & Contracting, had received a letter of award for the construction contract. MEED previously reported that Alec was the selected contractor and had been working on the project during the pre-construction phase.
Sphere Abu Dhabi will be built on Yas Island on a plot between Yas Mall and SeaWorld Abu Dhabi. It will be the first Sphere venue outside the US and is expected to echo the scale of Sphere Las Vegas, with a capacity of up to 20,000, depending on configuration.
The venue will feature a fully programmable LED exosphere and a wraparound interior display capable of delivering 16K-resolution visuals, alongside beamforming audio technology that can direct sound to individual seats.
DCT Abu Dhabi is developing Sphere Abu Dhabi with US-based Sphere Entertainment.
READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDFSaudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.
Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
> WORLD CUP: What the 2026 World Cup means for Saudi Arabia 2034> MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge> INDUSTRY REPORT: GCC banks prove resilient amid turmoil> LEADERSHIP: Private capital and the GCC infrastructure inflection> INTERVIEW: Developers look beyond standalone solarTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/18079715/main.jpg -
Oman opens door to direct power sales4 August 2026
Commentary
Mark Dowdall
Power & water editorOman’s Direct Sales Framework has been in place since April, but its success will ultimately depend on whether developers and large electricity users choose to adopt it.
The framework establishes a regulated process that allows qualifying private renewable energy developers to sell electricity directly to eligible consumers, instead of through Oman’s traditional single-buyer model.
For the first time, large electricity consumers have a formal mechanism to procure renewable power directly from developers, rather than relying solely on electricity supplied through the wider grid.
The recently tendered 280MW Marsa solar independent power project could provide an early indication of how the framework will be used in practice.
The project has been identified as a potential early application of the new regime, with electricity generated near Haima expected to be supplied to the Marsa LNG facility at Sohar through Oman’s transmission network.
The framework also requires grid-connection studies, network approvals and annual capacity limits, underscoring that direct sales will continue to operate within a regulated market rather than an open one.
Developers will also need customers willing to sign long-term agreements, while large electricity users will need to see clear value in procuring renewable power directly.
The scale of electricity demand expected over the coming decade will be a key factor in driving these decisions. Large industrial consumers are expected to account for a growing share of Oman’s future electricity demand as mining, green hydrogen, metals and other energy-intensive industries expand.
Oman’s procurement of utility-scale generation through competitive tenders is not slowing down either, as evidenced by recent advisory tenders for up to 4GW of solar projects targeted for commercial operation by Q2 2030.
In the meantime, for some users, securing renewable electricity directly from developers may become an attractive alternative to relying solely on the traditional supply model.
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Opec+ agrees sixth straight month of oil output hikes3 August 2026
Opec+ has approved an oil production quota increase of around 188,000 barrels a day (b/d) from September, completing the unwinding of a layer of voluntary output cuts by its main member countries.
Due to export disruptions from the Gulf, Russia and Kazakhstan caused by the Iran and Ukraine wars, successive monthly Opec+ output hikes over most of this year have remained largely on paper, with little impact on the market.
The September increase agreed by core Opec+ members – Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, Algeria, Kazakhstan and Oman – at a meeting on 2 August completes the phased rollback of a 1.65 million b/d supply cut originally agreed in 2023, when the group still included the UAE, which left Opec in May.
A separate Opec+ meeting of a panel called the Joint Ministerial Monitoring Committee also met on 2 August and reiterated concern about attacks on energy assets during the US-Israeli war on Iran, saying they are expensive and time-consuming to repair and therefore can affect supply.
With September’s output hike now agreed, Opec+ still has one more layer of output cuts in place that applies to most of the group’s members. These roughly 2 million b/d of cuts date back to 2022 and are due to remain in place until the end of this year.
Opec+ is carrying out a review of its members’ oil production capacity that will be used to set the 2027 output baselines from which quotas are calculated.
It faces potentially difficult talks over new production quotas, with some members, including Iraq, pushing for higher individual quotas to reflect their higher capacity.
Opec+ is an alliance of 21 countries, comprising members of Opec along with a group of 10 non-Opec states led by Russia.
In recent years, only the seven core countries – and the UAE until its departure – have been involved in monthly production management.
The seven members will hold their next meeting on 6 September.
READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDFSaudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.
Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
> WORLD CUP: What the 2026 World Cup means for Saudi Arabia 2034> MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge> INDUSTRY REPORT: GCC banks prove resilient amid turmoil> LEADERSHIP: Private capital and the GCC infrastructure inflection> INTERVIEW: Developers look beyond standalone solarTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/18043979/main4234.jpg