Lummus targets large contracts in Saudi Arabia
26 September 2023

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US-headquartered petrochemicals specialist Lummus Technology is expecting to grow rapidly in Saudi Arabia over the next decade, according to the company’s chief technology officer Ujjal Mukherjee.
Mukherjee is in the process of moving his entire team from the US to Saudi Arabia in order to capitalise on opportunities in the Middle East.
“The Middle East and North Africa are a key focus for us because of the scale of the planned capital expenditure in our industry,” he says.
“Within the region, Saudi Arabia is the most important to us because of the investments in petrochemicals that are planned.
“Qatar is also important because of its plans for natural gas and petrochemicals, but in terms of investment, Saudi Arabia is not just leading the region, but the entire world.”
Lummus is anticipating as many as 10 or 11 ethane crackers to be installed in Saudi Arabia over the next seven to eight years
Project expectations
Lummus says that Saudi Arabia’s plans to develop facilities with the capacity to convert 4 million barrels of crude oil to chemicals represent $100bn-$200bn in investment.
As part of the push to boost crude-to-chemicals production, Mukherjee is expecting at least four or five greenfield complexes to be developed in Saudi Arabia.
On top of this, he says there are several opportunities to upgrade existing facilities in the country, both in the eastern Jubail area and in the west coast’s Yanbu region.
Across all of these greenfield and upgrade projects, Lummus is anticipating as many as 10 or 11 ethane crackers to be installed over the next seven to eight years.
“This is a huge investment – and that is why everyone in the world of petrochemicals is focused on Saudi Arabia,” says Mukherjee.
“Elsewhere, China is slowing slightly and the Russian market is off limits. There are opportunities in Southeast Asia and India specifically, but the GCC nations are the most important.”
In addition to the GCC states, Lummus has significant interest in markets across the Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region, including Egypt and Turkiye.
Turkiye is of particular interest because of its stated aim of becoming self-sufficient in terms of petrochemicals production, according to Fadi Mhaini, Lummus Technology’s managing director for Mena.
Turkiye is also in a financial position that means investments in world-scale petrochemicals plants are feasible.
The investment climate in Egypt is more challenging, but it remains of interest because of its significant reserves of oil and gas, large population and internal demand for petrochemicals products.
“There are 100 million people living in Egypt and there is a great demand for polymers and plastics,” says Mhaini.
Per capita consumption of plastics in Egypt is estimated to be 21.8 kilograms (kg) a year. This is compared to more than 130kg in the US.
Lummus sees this as a potential sign of pent-up demand for plastics and says new facilities that come online in Egypt could see significant success by supplying the local market.
Saudi challenges
While there are big opportunities in Saudi Arabia’s petrochemicals sector, Mukherjee says it remains a market with significant challenges.
“The biggest challenge we have is getting subject matter expertise in the complex technologies that we license, especially with the focus on employing local skilled labour,” he says.
“We have a lot of graduates coming from good universities there, but you need a certain degree of experience in absorbing these complex technologies.”
A key area of focus for Lummus is growing the number of experienced specialists that it employs and accelerating the transfer of knowledge from its experienced workers to the local talent pool in Saudi Arabia, as well as in other markets, including the UAE.
In order to achieve this goal, the company plans to create centres of excellence across the Mena region.
It has already created one in Bahrain, and says that it has proven effective at providing education for local operators in complex technologies and advanced computing tools.
By recruiting locally and relocating experienced staff from around the world, Lummus expects to grow its Saudi Arabia office from an initial size of about 50 employees to more than 200 in the next three to four years, according to Mukherjee.
While the cornerstone of business activities for Lummus is technology licensing, it plans to use its Saudi office to work with local companies to provide a wide range of services, including the provision of engineering work and of spare parts and equipment.
Project acceleration
Since Lummus was spun off by McDermott in a $2.7bn deal in 2020, one of the key strategic changes is a renewed focus on project streamlining and reduced project completion times.
Mukherjee says this has positioned the firm well to win contracts in Saudi Arabia, where the country’s leadership is keen to execute large-scale projects on an accelerated schedule.
“As soon as we learned that we were going to be an independent company, we decided to take advantage of all of the engineering tools that are part of our ecosystem and use them to accelerate the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) processes,” he says.
“We have used very advanced engineering tools to dramatically reduce the time it takes us to do early engineering and front-end engineering and design work.
“This means that we have to work with very highly skilled engineering contractors and get them started very early on in the procurement cycle.”
As part of Lummus Technology’s new focus on executing projects on an accelerated schedule, it has started to work more closely with several EPC contractors.
“Closer working relationships with these companies are a key way of creating a win-win situation for everyone involved,” he says.
Lummus estimates that the upcoming greenfield oil-to-chemicals projects in Saudi Arabia are each expected to be worth $20bn-$35bn.
“The size of these projects means that there is no EPC contractor in the world that can take them on alone,” says Mukherjee.
Fear of risk
One of the key challenges in Saudi Arabia’s petrochemicals projects sector is that several large international contractors are less keen to take on contracts that use the EPC model due to the potential risks.
Many companies are worried that unpredictable price inflation could mean the EPC contract model would leave them out of pocket if the cost of materials and equipment suddenly increases.
“Even working in consortium, there are very few companies globally that are well equipped to execute complex projects on this scale on an accelerated time schedule,” says Mukherjee. “The technology is there, but there is a risk averseness among many large EPC companies that have been burnt in the past.”
While the projects are difficult and will require close cooperation between different contractors, Mukherjee is confident that his company will play a key role in many of the planned petrochemicals facilities in Saudi Arabia.
He says it is likely that his company will win contracts on many of Saudi Arabia’s upcoming petrochemicals projects, and that the firm is expanding the office so that it can cooperate closely with clients and subcontractors in the country to provide quicker response times to any queries.
“By moving there, we want to make sure that [clients and subcontractors in] Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the UAE know that they will not have to cross time zones to get immediate responses,” Mukherjee says.

Ujjal Mukherjee, Fadi Mhaini and the Mena team
Market outlook
Lummus is optimistic about how Saudi Arabia’s investment in petrochemicals production will benefit the country’s economy in the long term.
Mukherjee says Saudi Arabia could become an increasingly powerful force in global petrochemicals markets in the coming years if it manages to successfully execute the planned projects to an accelerated schedule.
“What Saudi Arabia has is one of the cheapest raw materials for petrochemicals production. The same is true for Qatar and Abu Dhabi,” he says.
“Very cheap oil and gas gives Saudi Arabia a huge advantage and competitive edge over places like South Korea.”
Mukherjee says that, in the past, South Korea maintained a competitive edge in terms of managing project schedules and costs.
He adds that a petrochemicals project that could be completed in 36-42 months in South Korea would previously have taken 60-72 months in Saudi Arabia.
Now, the difference is being reduced by Saudi Arabia’s plans to execute projects using an accelerated schedule.
“If Saudi Arabia can do it, it will put itself in a position where it will be a dominant force when it comes to manufacturing certain polymers,” he says.
Aligning the scheduled start-up of Saudi Arabia’s new wave of planned petrochemicals projects with trends in the global market is likely to be key to the kingdom's success, according to Mukherjee.
In the past year and half, the prices of key petrochemicals products have been subdued as large projects have come online in China and other locations.
This temporarily created an oversupply in certain chemicals despite global per-capita consumption having increased, Mukherjee says.
He believes global prices will stabilise after 2030 and that demand will outstrip that for both gasoline and diesel.
By the end of this decade, Mukherjee expects that demand for polyethylene in particular will start to grow robustly, as is demand for polypropylene – and that Saudi Arabia will be well positioned to take advantage of this growth.
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Managing risk in the GCC construction market19 December 2025

The scale and complexity of construction projects under way in the GCC region has attracted global attention. And while large-scale project announcements continue to dominate the headlines, the underlying risks – insufficient financing, harsh contract clauses and a tendency to delay dispute resolution – are often overlooked.
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Systemic risk
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> Unrealistic timelines: Contractors set themselves up to fail by accepting unrealistic timescales on projects, despite the knowledge that the work often takes twice as long.
> Deficient design: A major risk, particularly on high-profile projects, is a lack of specification and design progress. Many contracts, such as the heavily modified Silver Book – a standard contract published by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (Fidic) for turnkey engineering, procurement and construction projects – presuppose that the contractor has sufficient information to design, build and deliver, even when there is substantive information missing, which renders lump-sum pricing obsolete and inevitably leads to dispute.
> Lowest-bid mentality: Contractors often fail to factor necessary commercial support from legal and claims specialists into their tender figures, making their bid appear more competitive but leaving them without a budget to seek help until it is too late. As a result, projects are managed with budgets that are barely sufficient, rather than being run properly to a successful conclusion.

Supply-chain erosion
The quality and capacity of the subcontractor market, particularly in the mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) field, has eroded significantly.
Some major MEP players have closed or left the market due to underpricing, prompting contractors to call in their performance bonds. This means the region is receiving progressively lower quality for increasingly higher costs, further straining the delivery phase for main contractors.
The risk of subcontractor insolvency is increasing and must now be considered a primary project risk. Contractors should monitor financial health, diversify subcontractor dependencies, challenge allocated resources and secure step-in rights wherever possible.
Many Silver Book contracts in the GCC now include heavily amended, employer-friendly clauses that push design and ground-risk even further onto the contractor – often beyond what Fidic intended. These amendments require careful review and firm pushback.
The GCC remains a market of opportunity, but success in 2026 will belong to contractors that combine disciplined tendering, transparent commercial governance and early issue resolution. Optimism is not a strategy; preparation is.
A 10-point checklist for contractors in 2026
1. Mandate contractual due diligence: Invest time and money into a thorough contract review before signing. Be prepared to challenge harsh clauses, particularly those unfairly allocating risk, such as unknown conditions and full design responsibility. Assume that bespoke rather than standard amendments govern your entitlement. Treat the special conditions as the real contract.
2. Factor commercial support into the budget: Do not omit the cost of essential commercial support from the tender, such as quantity surveyor teams, quantum and delay specialists, legal review and claims preparation. Even if not visible in the front-line figures, this cost – which could be as low as 0.01% of the project value – must be factored in to ensure a budget for early and continuous engagement.
3. Prepare a realistic baseline programme: Stop committing to programmes just to fit the tender. Develop a realistic programme from the start, identifying risks and including necessary code books to track delays early. Consider commissioning an independent programme review at the tender stage – this is common internationally and reduces later arguments about logic, durations and sequencing.
4. Confirm project funding: Ensure that the project financing is fully in position before starting work. Many problems stem from projects that are only partially financed, leading to cash running out near completion. Gone are the days of not asking employers for greater transparency when it comes to funding projects.
5. Establish a strong commercial and claims function: This is where commercial management starts. Set up systems to ensure contractual compliance, including seven-day claim notifications. Variations are inevitable, and proper substantiation is required to secure entitlement – if it is not recorded, it cannot be recovered. Diaries, cost records and notice logs remain the foundation of entitlement.
6. Seek early specialist engagement: Prevention is better than a cure. Bring in specialists early to examine time and cost issues before problems arise. Consultants can provide advice, help set up the correct commercial systems and prevent the escalation of unresolved issues.
7. Adopt an old-school approach to claims management: Technology is useful, but nothing beats resolving issues face to face. Engage directly with the employer’s team regularly to negotiate and agree claims early. This manages the client’s expectations when it comes to budgeting and allows the contractor to secure cash flow sooner. A simple early-warning culture – even when not contractually required – prevents surprises and builds trust with the client.
8. Avoid wasting resources: Focus claims efforts only on events that are actually recoverable and demonstrably critical. Contractors often waste time chasing things that will not be recoverable. Prioritise issues that are both time-critical and clearly fall under the employer’s risk – everything else should be logged but not pursued aggressively.
9. Upskill internal teams: Use specialist involvement as an opportunity to upskill your in-house commercial team. Have them sit alongside specialist consultants to learn proper commercial and contractual administration processes, creating a lasting work-culture benefit.
10. Push for faster dispute resolution: When a dispute arises, advocate for a swift resolution mechanism like adjudication, mediation or expert determination to temporarily resolve cash flow issues. Dispute adjudication boards are intended to give quick, interim decisions. However, if not set up from the start of the project, the process becomes protracted – sometimes taking many months – so fails to provide the cash-flow relief contractors urgently need. Where clients resist adjudication, propose interim binding mediation or expert determinations, or failing this, milestone-based dispute workshops – anything that accelerates getting cash back on site. MEED would like to thank Refki El-Mujtahed of REM Consultant Services (refki@rem-consultant.com; www.rem-consultant.com) for facilitating this article, as well as the following co-contributors:
Aevum Consult | Lawrence Baker | lawrence.baker@aevumconsult.com | www.aevumconsult.com
Decerno Consultancy | Lee Sporle | leesporle@decernoconsultancy.com | www.decernoconsultancy.com
Desimone Consulting | Mark Winrow | Mark.Winrow@de-simone.com | www.de-simone.com
Forttas | Derek O’Reilly & Martin Hall | derek.oreilly@forttas.com & martin.hall@forttas.com | www.forttas.com
IDH Consult | Ian Hedderick | ian.hedderick@idhconsult.com | www.idhconsult.com
White Consulting | Nigel White | nigelwhite@whiteconsulting-me.com | www.whiteconsulting-me.com
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Contractor wins $1.3bn Hudayriyat Island villas deal19 December 2025

UK-headquartered construction firm Innovo Group has won a AED5bn ($1.3bn) contract to build two residential developments, Nawayef East and Nawayef West, on Hudayriyat Island.
Abu Dhabi-based developer Modon Properties awarded the contract.
The scope of the contract includes the construction of 735 three- to eight-bedroom villas.
The Hudayriyat Island masterplan was unveiled in 2023. The integrated development comprises residential communities and other leisure and mixed-use facilities.
The masterplan features 53.5 kilometres (km) of coastline, including 16km of beaches.
Some of the major destinations on Hudayriyat Island include the Velodrome Abu Dhabi, Surf Abu Dhabi, a wide range of sports, commerce and leisure amenities, the largest park in Abu Dhabi and a 220km-long network of cycle tracks.
Project developments
In November 2023, Modon appointed local contractor Trojan General Contracting as the main contractor for the sports hotel, as MEED reported.
Modon also awarded the local National Marine Dredging Company an $803m enabling works contract in April 2023.
Abu Dhabi-based Hilalco completed the construction of mountain bike trails on the island earlier in 2023.
In November 2022, Chinese contractor China Harbour Engineering Company was awarded the main contract for dredging and reclamation works at Hudayriyat Island.
In 2019, Modon appointed the local Wade Adams to undertake the initial landscaping and infrastructure works on the island.
READ THE DECEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDFProspects widen as Middle East rail projects are delivered; India’s L&T storms up MEED’s EPC contractor ranking; Manama balances growth with fiscal challenges
Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the December 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
> AGENDA 1: Regional rail construction surges ahead> INDUSTRY REPORT 1: Larsen & Toubro climbs EPC contractor ranking> INDUSTRY REPORT 2: Chinese firms expand oil and gas presence> CONSTRUCTION: Aramco Stadium races towards completion> RENEWABLES: UAE moves ahead with $6bn solar and storage project> INTERVIEW: Engie pivots towards renewables projects> BAHRAIN MARKET FOCUS: Manama pursues reform amid strainTo see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click herehttps://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15289204/main.jpg