meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Liquidity drives project finance appetite

27 October 2023

 

This report on project finance and PPP also includes: PPP activity rebounds in 2023

Activity in the Gulf region has triggered a boom in the project finance market, with Saudi Arabia leading the way on the back of schemes linked to its Vision 2030 strategy.

Deals are fanning out from power and water and infrastructure schemes into unexplored territory: hydrogen projects and ever-larger solar power plants have opened up opportunities for international and regional banks that are awash with liquidity and looking for long-term means to deploy it.

Deal advisers attest to the vibrancy of Saudi Arabia, the largest regional projects market with $1.2tn-worth of known work in the pipeline. The kingdom has seen the largest project financing this year, a facility worth at least $6bn arranged for the Neom green hydrogen project.

“Saudi Arabia is a market that really is firing on all cylinders,” says Rob Harker, a partner at law firm DLA Piper, which advised Neom Green Hydrogen Company in connection with its green hydrogen and ammonia project in Saudi Arabia.

“That demand is not limited to utility sector projects. In addition to the very large solar and wind projects – including a Saudi solar deal that is 1.1GW – we are also seeing a large volume of social infrastructure projects being procured across the GCC, including in education, healthcare, social accommodation and transport,” he adds. 

“Bank debt – both regional and international – is still the principal source of financing for these projects. However, robustly structured projects should also be attractive, particularly on a refinancing, to a capital markets issuance.”

Robust liquidity support

There is increased liquidity in the regional banking market, notes John Dewar, partner in international law firm Milbank’s global project, energy and infrastructure practice, which advised the export credit agencies (ECAs) and commercial banks in connection with Project Lightning, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company’s offshore power transmission project.

“With the bullish medium-term oil price outlook, there is significant liquidity in the Saudi and UAE bank markets, with these banks looking to on-lend their petrodollar deposits on a longer-term basis.”

This still poses some challenges. Analysts note that despite the bountiful credit availability, things can change.

“There is still a lot of liquidity in the system in the GCC, but some have voiced concerns that liquidity in the banking market could dry up in the future if they have to compete with projects that are much larger in scale,” says Christiane Kuti, a director at Fitch Ratings. 

“Overall liquidity in the market could get tight at some point, although we are not there at the moment.”

Even then, notes Kuti, a lower oil price could add impetus to the need to develop frameworks to make projects more bankable, and provide an opportunity for the capital market to play a bigger role.

Most of the larger deals are witnessing a heterodox mix of local and international banks participating. For example, a consortium of five local and international banks has agreed to provide $545m of financing for the Rabigh 4 independent water producer project in Saudi Arabia, with Standard Chartered Bank lining up alongside Bank of China and the local trio of Saudi National Bank, Riyad Bank and Saudi Investment Bank.

The Chinese bank presence is a pointer. “We have seen Chinese banks participating in project finance deals, and that is set to continue as they are not as constrained as some of the regional banks in terms of the tenor on which they can lend. Their ability to lend on a longer-term tenor is sometimes attractive for sponsors and developers,” a source tells MEED.

The flipside of this is that Chinese lenders are less knowledgeable about the market.

Global uncertainties

Despite the robust oil price climate, project financings across the Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region have had to cope with a choppy global interest rate environment, with inflationary pressures also impinging.

Higher interest rates have militated against the use of capital market instruments in some regional deals. For Abu Dhabi’s subsea transmission system deal, which reached financial close earlier this year, higher interest rates were responsible for adding $200m to the $3.8bn deal.

This has implications for other projects that are seeking refinancing on the capital market. In Saudi Arabia, BlackRock-led investors in Saudi Aramco’s gas pipeline network attempted early in 2023 to raise $4.5bn from a sale of bonds to refinance a multibillion-dollar loan. The 10-year mature sukuk (Islamic bond) tranche spread placed it about 120 basis points above where Aramco bonds maturing in October 2030 were trading, according to Reuters’ calculations.

Another consortium led by US-based energy infrastructure investment firm EIG Global Energy Partners had also looked to the bond markets to refinance.

“The EIG and BlackRock-led consortiums investing in Saudi Aramco’s oil and gas pipelines infrastructure have been looking to refinance more than $20bn of acquisition debt,” says Dewar. 

“Both have been active in the bond market, but the interest rate environment has moved against bonds, so there has been an increasing focus by borrowers on accessing other longer-term liquidity sources, particularly from the highly liquid regional banks.”

Capital market instruments

For the moment, capital market instruments are largely confined to refinancing rather than greenfield projects. However, once some of these projects are financed, it could encourage others to lend on that basis.

“Once a project has been up and running, and it has got consistent revenue from the offtaker of the electricity or the water, and they are paying an index-linked revenue stream that is 100 per cent take or pay and insulated from the erosion of any inflationary pressures, that is very attractive for bondholders, pension funds and other institutions that want stable revenues,” says one industry insider.

Beyond the Gulf, Egypt has managed to attract project finance for its renewable energy schemes, with significant ECA support. In March 2023, a $690m non-recourse financing was arranged for the 500MW Gulf of Suez Wind 2 project in Egypt. 

The renewable energy push has continued after Cairo’s hosting of the 2022 Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (Cop27). The drive has included the Amunet wind and Abydos solar projects closed by Amea Power, as well as the Gulf of Suez Wind 2 project sponsored by Engie, TTC-Eurus and Orascom.

“They are both important deals in a global context because they mark the first occasions on which the Japanese ECAs have co-financed with the International Finance Corporation and the European Bank for Reconstruction & Development, respectively, opening up important new financing opportunities in emerging markets,” says Dewar.

Support from ECAs is particularly valued in Egypt, given the economic challenges the country is facing. 

A planned polypropylene complex due to be developed in Egypt’s Suez Canal Economic Zone has been put on hold, with the $1.7bn project developed by Red Sea Refining & Petrochemical Company having been affected by the depreciation of the Egyptian pound.

More regional financing

Another emerging theme will be for the larger Mena banks to play a bigger role in regional project financings.

The likes of First Abu Dhabi Bank have been active across GCC borders, including in Saudi Arabia. Given their healthy liquidity profiles, the biggest banks in the GCC are better positioned for longer-tenor project finance deals than ever before. 

Not that it will be plain sailing. Structural impediments will still have to be overcome.

For example, most Saudi banks still need to get consent from the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (Sama) to participate in dollar loans. “That can constrain their ability to operate outside the kingdom,” says Dewar. 

“There is a regulatory preference for them to make Saudi riyal loans rather than dollars. But because of the increase in dollar liquidity, there is much more availability in the Saudi market than there was a year ago.”

Project finance will remain a critical part of the funding mix in the Mena region. As Fitch Ratings notes, the significant growth needed to achieve the GCC’s investment requirements cannot be attained using traditional financing channels, such as on-balance-sheet funding by governments. Instead, there is a need to broaden the investor base, including through project financing.

The likelihood of a more benign global interest rate environment in 2024 should pave the way for a reassertion of capital market-based deals, making the next few months busy ones for banks and deal-makers across the Mena region.

 PPP activity rebounds in 2023 

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/11227315/main.gif
James Gavin

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Dubai advances Auto Market construction

    6 May 2026

     

    The construction works on the Dubai Auto Market, which is set to become one of the world’s largest and most advanced automotive trading hubs, are progressing.

    Enabling works are under way, being carried out by local contractor Rad International Road Construction.

    US-based engineering firm Aecom is serving as the project consultant.

    In November last year, Dubai Municipality signed a partnership agreement with DP World’s Economic Zones division to establish and manage the market, as MEED reported. Under the agreement, DP World will provide integrated logistics and zone management services, including e-commerce and trade finance solutions.

    The Dubai Auto Market will span a 22 million-square-foot complex, to be developed by DP World. It is planned to include more than 1,500 showrooms, clustered workshop zones, warehouses and multi-storey parking facilities, alongside a convention centre, hotel, auction house, retail outlets, and food and beverage areas.

    The facility is designed to handle more than 800,000 vehicles a year, including new and used electric, hybrid and conventional models.

    The UAE’s construction industry is projected to expand by 5% in real terms in 2026, supported by rising foreign direct investment (FDI), growth in the construction sector and increased oil sector activity.

    According to the UAE’s Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Centre, construction value added rose by 8.8% year on year (YoY) in Q2 2025, following YoY growth of 7% in Q1 2025 and 10.8% in Q4 2024.

    The commercial construction sector is forecast to grow by 6.4% in 2026 and to record average annual growth of 4.9% from 2027 to 2030, supported by investment in tourism and hotel facilities.

    The industrial construction sector is expected to expand by 4.1% in real terms in 2026, then to average 4.4% annually from 2027 to 2030, supported by improved investment in manufacturing facilities.

    The infrastructure construction sector is projected to grow by 5.8% in real terms in 2026, before averaging 4.3% annual growth from 2027 to 2030, supported by the government’s focus on improving regional connectivity through road and rail development.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16700367/main.png
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Saudi Arabia extends bid deadline for solar projects

    6 May 2026

     

    Saudi Arabia’s principal buyer, Saudi Power Procurement Company (SPPC), has extended the deadline for developers bidding for four solar projects under the seventh round of the National Renewable Energy Programme (NREP).

    Round seven of the NREP comprises solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind independent power producer (IPP) projects with a combined capacity of 5,300MW. The renewables programme is being led and supervised by the Ministry of Energy.

    The four solar PV projects comprise:

    • 1,400MW Tabjal 2 solar PV IPP (Tabrijal, Al-Jouf province)
    • 600MW Mawqqaq solar PV IPP (Mawqqaq, Hail province)
    • 600MW Tathleeth solar PV IPP (Tathleeth, Aseer province)
    • 500MW South Al-Ula solar PV IPP (Al-Ula, Medina province)

    The projects were tendered in January, with an initial bid submission deadline of 30 April.

    The new deadline is 30 June.

    The solar projects are the latest in a string of large-scale power and water developments across the region to have bidding extended in recent weeks.

    In the UAE, the bid deadline for the seventh phase of Dubai Electricity & Water Authority’s Mohammed Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum Solar Park was recently pushed back to 1 July. 

    Bids for the 1,300MW Bilgah and 900MW Shagra wind IPPs are currently still due by 14 May, according to a source.

    In January, MEED reported that 16 developers qualified to bid as both managing and technical members for the four solar PV projects under the seventh round of the NREP.

    These include:

    • Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company (Masdar) 
    • Alfanar Company (Saudi Arabia)
    • Al-Gihaz Holding Company (Saudi Arabia)
    • EDF Power Solutions (France)
    • Kahrabel (Engie) (UAE / France)
    • Sembcorp Utilities (Singapore)
    • Jinko Power (HK) (China)
    • TotalEnergies Renewables (France)
    • Al-Jomaih Energy & Water (Saudi Arabia)
    • Korea Electric Power Corporation (Kepco) (South Korea)
    • Nesma Renewable Energy (Saudi Arabia)
    • Korea Western Power (South Korea)
    • Marubeni Corporation (Japan)
    • SPIC Shanghai Electric Power (China)
    • WahajPeak Holdings (Saudi Arabia)
    • FAS Energy for Trading Company (Saudi Arabia)

    A further six companies qualified to bid as a managing member only for the solar PV projects. These include:

    • Saudi Electricity Company (Saudi Arabia)
    • Grupo Empresarial Enhol (Spain)
    • Power Construction Corporation of China (Power China) (China)
    • GD Power Development (China)
    • Gulf Development Public Company (Thailand)
    • Reliance NU Energies Private (India)

    The renewable energy programme aims to supply 50% of the kingdom’s electricity from renewable energy by 2030.

    Earlier rounds under the NREP have already put in place large capacities. Last October, SPPC awarded contracts to develop and operate five renewable energy projects under round six of the NREP.

    These comprise four solar PV IPP projects and one wind IPP project with a total combined capacity of 4,500MW.

    READ THE MAY 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Global energy sector forced to recalibrate; Conflict hits debt issuance and listings activity; UAE’s non-oil sector faces unclear recovery period amid disruption.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the May 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here

     

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16700361/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • EtihadWE awards EPC contract for Fujairah IWP

    6 May 2026

    Etihad Water & Electricity (EtihadWE) has awarded an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract for the Fujairah 1 independent water producer (IWP) project.

    The agreement was signed with a consortium of UAE-based NMDC Infra and Spain’s Lantania Aguas. 

    The EPC works will be delivered by Lantania NMDC Water. The company was formed after NMDC Infra acquired a 51% stake in Lantania Aguas in January 2026.

    Fujairah 1 is the second desalination project procured by EtihadWE under a public-private partnership (PPP) model. It follows the 150-million-imperial-gallon-a-day (MIGD) Naqa’a IWP in Umm Al-Quwain.

    The project involves developing a 60 MIGD seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant. The total investment is valued at AED1.046bn ($285m), the utility said in a statement.

    The plant will be located at the Port of Fujairah on the Gulf of Oman and will include storage capacity equivalent to 18 hours of production.

    Construction is expected to take about 30 months. Initial operations will begin at partial capacity, followed by ramp-up to full output.

    Details of the water offtake agreement for Fujairah 1 have not been disclosed. EtihadWE previously signed a 35-year water-purchase agreement for the Naqa’a project.

    Mohammed Al-Shehhi, CEO of the development and investment arm of EtihadWE, said the company is “currently developing multiple SWRO projects to be announced in due course”.

    In January, Dubai International Financial Centre-based Deloitte Professional Services submitted the lowest bid for a contract to provide consultancy services to Dubai Electricity & Water Authority (Dewa) and EtihadWE.

    The contract scope includes conducting a pre-feasibility study for an SWRO IWP and water transmission pipelines project.

    The study will assess potential project sites, optimal plant capacity, technical and commercial parameters and the viability of associated water transmission infrastructure.

    According to a source, the study’s consultant has not yet been appointed.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16700218/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • June deadline for Riyadh section of Saudi Landbridge

    6 May 2026

     

    Saudi Arabia Railways (SAR) has set a 2 June bid submission deadline for a design-and-build contract to construct the Riyadh Rail Link, a new railway line running north to south across Riyadh.

    The tender was issued on 29 January. The previous bid submission deadline was 29 April.

    The scope of work includes constructing a 35-kilometre-long double-track railway line connecting SAR’s North-South railway to the Eastern railway network.

    The contract also covers the procurement, construction and installation of associated infrastructure such as viaducts, civil works, utility installations, signalling systems and other related works.

    The project is expected to form a key component of the Saudi Landbridge railway.

    In January, SAR said it would deliver the Saudi Landbridge project through a “new mechanism” by 2034, after failing to reach an agreement with a Chinese consortium to construct it, as MEED reported.

    In an interview with local media, SAR CEO Bashar Bin Khalid Al-Malik said the consortium failed to meet local content requirements and that the project would now be delivered in several phases under a different procurement model.

    The project has been under negotiation between Saudi Arabia and China-backed investors keen to develop it through a public-private partnership.

    Al-Malik said that the project cost is about SR100bn ($26.6bn).

    It comprises more than 1,500km of new track. The core component is a 900km new railway between Riyadh and Jeddah, which will provide direct freight access to the capital from King Abdullah Port on the Red Sea.

    Other key sections include upgrading the existing Riyadh-Dammam line, a bypass around the capital called the Riyadh Link, and a link between King Abdullah Port and Yanbu.

    The Saudi Landbridge is one of the kingdom’s most anticipated project programmes. Plans to develop it were first announced in 2004, but put on hold in 2010 before being revived a year later. Key stumbling blocks were rights-of-way issues, route alignment and its high cost.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16698846/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Bid deadline extended for Kuwait oil pipeline

    6 May 2026

    State-owned upstream operator Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has extended the bid deadline for a project to develop a crude oil pipeline in the country.

    The invitation to bid was originally tendered in October last year, with a bid deadline of 18 January 2026.

    Since then, the deadline has been extended several times, and the latest announced bid deadline is 31 May 2026.

    The new pipeline will have a diameter of 20 inches and will carry the crude oil blend known as Ratawi-Burgen.

    The project scope will involve replacing a 30-kilometre section of the pipeline known as CR-058.

    The pipeline originates from the Wafra field and feeds crude oil into the larger 36-inch CR-088 crude oil pipeline.

    The pipelines on this network have had documented corrosion issues in the past, which were linked to slow flow rates within the pipelines.

    The Wafra field is located in the Partitioned Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

    Both countries equally share the natural resources contained in this region.

    Kuwait is currently pushing to increase its oil production capacity.

    In 2024, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation’s chief executive, Sheikh Nawaf Al-Sabah, reiterated that his company plans to increase Kuwait’s oil production capacity to 4 million barrels a day (b/d) by 2035.                             

    In September last year, Kuwaiti Oil Minister Tareq Al‑Roumi announced that the country’s oil production capacity had reached 3.2 million b/d, its highest level in more than 10 years.

    Kuwait had a similar capacity in the late 2000s, peaking at a recorded 3.3 million b/d in 2010.

    Since the US and Israel’s attack on Iran on 28 February, Kuwait’s oil and gas sector has been rocked by the disruption to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, through which all of the country’s crude is normally exported.

    Kuwait recorded zero crude oil exports in April for the first time since the end of the Gulf War in 1991, according to shipping monitor TankerTrackers.com.

    READ THE MAY 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Global energy sector forced to recalibrate; Conflict hits debt issuance and listings activity; UAE’s non-oil sector faces unclear recovery period amid disruption.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the May 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16691664/main5905.jpg
    Wil Crisp