meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Hydrocarbons exploration rebounds

1 March 2023

MEED's upstream oil & gas report also includes: Energy security facilitates upstream spending

 

The world, and particularly countries in the Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region, remains undeterred in its quest to find more oil and gas resources, despite headwinds from energy transition activity and falling long-term hydrocarbons demand forecasts.

Last year, the global oil and gas exploration sector had its strongest year in more than a decade. In its effort to improve portfolios by adding lower-carbon, lower-cost advantaged hydrocarbons, the sector created at least $33bn of value and achieved full-cycle returns of 22 per cent, at $60-a-barrel Brent prices, according to a recent report from Wood Mackenzie.

Julie Wilson, director of global exploration research at Wood Mackenzie, says 2022 was “a standout year for exploration”. 

“Volumes were good, but not stellar. However, explorers were able to drive very high value through strategic selection and by focusing on the best and largest prospects. 

“The discoveries bring higher-quality hydrocarbons into companies’ portfolios, allowing them to reduce carbon by displacing less advantaged oil and gas supplies while also meeting the world’s energy needs.

“The highest value came from world-class discoveries in a new deepwater play in Namibia, as well as resource additions in Algeria and several new deepwater discoveries in Guyana and Brazil, where the latest wave of pre-salt exploration finally met with success,” she says.

“The average discovery last year was over 150 million barrels of oil equivalent, more than double the average of the previous decade,” she adds.

The exploration sector continues to be dominated by national oil companies (NOCs) and majors, with QatarEnergy, France-headquartered TotalEnergies and Brazil’s Petrobras leading the way in net new discovered resources in 2022, according to Wood Mackenzie. In total, NOCs and majors accounted for almost three-quarters of new resources discovered, the research consultancy said.

Qatar’s overseas footprint

In addition to raising gas production capacity from the North Field gas reserve and carrying out a liquefied natural gas (LNG) output expansion programme, QatarEnergy has been pursuing an overseas offshore oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) campaign in recent years.

The state enterprise has been investing in expanding its international upstream footprint, particularly in the gas space. In the past five years, QatarEnergy has acquired interests in gas-rich offshore blocks in Angola, Guyana, Kenya, Egypt, South Africa, Argentina, Mozambique, Morocco, Cyprus, Mexico, Brazil, Oman, Suriname and Canada.

In December, QatarEnergy won an offshore exploration block in Brazil in a consortium with TotalEnergies and Malaysia’s Petronas. QatarEnergy will hold a 20 per cent working interest in the Agua-Marinha production sharing contract, with TotalEnergies holding 30 per cent and Petronas Petroleo Brasil holding 20 per cent. Brazil’s state energy producer ANP will be the operator of the block, with a 30 per cent interest.

QatarEnergy also recently acquired a 30 per cent interest in exploration blocks four and nine off the coast of Lebanon. TotalEnergies is the operator of the blocks, holding a 35 per cent interest, with Italy’s Eni owning the remaining 35 per cent.

Oman E&P arena

Oman hosts the most foreign hydrocarbons E&P companies in the GCC. Majors such as BP, Shell and TotalEnergies have been present in the sultanate since the early 20th century, while smaller international upstream players have also been looking for – and producing – oil and gas for the past three decades.

The majority state-owned Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) operates the sultanate’s biggest and most prolific hydrocarbons concession, block six. The smaller oil and gas concession areas are operated by firms headquartered overseas such as Eni, Occidental Petroleum, Tethys Oil and Maha Energy, as well as by local firms such as ARA Petroleum, Majan Energy & Petroleum and Musandam Oil & Gas Company.

Oman’s Energy & Minerals Ministry signed a concession agreement in December 2021 with a consortium led by Shell’s Oman subsidiary, Shell Integrated Gas Oman, to develop and produce natural gas from block 10 of the Saih Rawl gas field.

The consortium comprises Omani state energy enterprise OQ and Marsa LNG, a joint venture of France’s TotalEnergies and OQ. The concession agreement established Shell as the operator of block 10.

By late January, Shell had started producing gas from the Mabrouk North East field located in block 10.

In September last year, the Omani energy ministry signed another E&P agreement with Shell and France’s TotalEnergies to develop block 11, which is located adjacent to block 10 and is understood to be rich in natural gas reserves.

Shell and TotalEnergies will own 67.5 per cent and 22.5 per cent stakes in block 11, respectively, with OQ holding the other 10 per cent. Shell is the operator with the majority stake in the concession.

UAE makes strides

Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) has completed two upstream concession licensing rounds in the past

four years, attracting oil and gas producing companies from the US, Italy, Pakistan, India, Thailand and Japan to explore for resources.

Offshore block two, which is operated by Italian energy major Eni with Thailand’s state-owned PTT Exploration & Production Public Company (PTTEP), has so far yielded two discoveries with combined estimated reserves of up to 3 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of gas.

In addition, in May last year, Adnoc announced the discovery of 650 million barrels of onshore crude oil reserves in Abu Dhabi, which increased the UAE’s hydrocarbons reserves base to 111 billion stock tank barrels of oil and 289 tcf of gas.

Adnoc also awarded Malaysia’s Petronas a six-year concession agreement in December to explore and appraise oil in unconventional onshore block one, deemed to be the Middle East’s first unconventional oil concession.

In Sharjah, Eni won stakes in all three upstream concession areas offered by Sharjah National Oil Company (SNOC) to international investors in the emirate’s first competitive hydrocarbons block bidding round, launched in June 2018. 

In January 2019, Eni successfully secured 75 per cent, 50 per cent and 75 per cent stakes in SNOC’s concession areas A, B and C, respectively.

Then, in October last year, PTTEP acquired a 25 per cent stake from Eni in area A, as a result of which Eni’s share in all three concession zones is now at 50 per cent.

Sharjah’s oil and gas fortunes reversed in January 2021, when SNOC, together with its partner Eni, announced the start-up of the Mahani 1 gas well. This marked the commencement of gas production from the Mahani field, located in area B, the first such onshore hydrocarbons discovery made in Sharjah in 37 years.

Energy security facilitates upstream spending

Bahrain labours on

Bahrain announced the discovery of the large Khalij al-Bahrain offshore hydrocarbons basin – estimated to contain 80 billion barrels of oil and 10-20 trillion cubic feet of gas – in April 2018.

Nearly five years later, Manama has been unable to make significant progress on the commercial appraisal of the oil and gas resources base. However, the lack of success with Khalij al-Bahrain has not deterred the country from continuing its exploration elsewhere.

In November, state energy conglomerate Nogaholding announced the discovery of natural gas in the two reservoirs of Al-Jawf and Al-Juba. The gas deposits are unconventional and situated in the Khuff and Unayzah geological formations.

Mena players make progress

Iraq, Opec’s second-largest oil producer, continues to seek more hydrocarbons resources in its territory. As recently as in February, the Oil Ministry awarded six oil concessions as part of the country’s fifth licensing round.

Three E&P concessions – one in Basra and two in Diyala governorates – were awarded to UAE-based Crescent Petroleum. Three others, also in Basra and Diyala, were awarded to China’s Geo-Jade Petroleum.

Eni’s discovery of the large Zohr gas field in the Mediterranean waters in 2015 elevated Egypt’s status as a significant upstream market globally, and the country’s government intends to continue to attract more E&P players on the back of this success.

Egypt’s hydrocarbons reserves spiked in 2022 with 53 new oil and gas discoveries: 42 oil wells and 11 gas wells, according to the Petroleum & Mineral Resources Ministry. The discoveries were made in Egypt’s Western Desert region, the Suez Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile Delta.

So far in 2023, US-based Chevron, which operates the Nargis offshore concession in the East Mediterranean, together with its partners Eni and Egypt’s Tharwa Petroleum, has announced a discovery of Miocene and Oligocene gas-bearing sandstones.

At the start of this year, Egypt also launched an international licensing round for exploration rights in the Nile Delta and the Mediterranean, comprising 12 onshore and offshore blocks.

“There is a lot of uncertainty in future long-term demand scenarios for oil,” says Wilson. 

“Explorers are accelerating oil exploration to meet near- and mid-term demand, while gas exploration was focused in geographies that can supply the gas-hungry European market. In some cases, major leases are approaching the expiration of the exploration term and companies are pushing to optimise their value.”

She concludes: “By 2030, fast-tracked development of these new discoveries could deliver 1 million barrels a day in oil and half a million barrels a day of equivalent gas production, generating $15bn in free cash flow.” 

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/10640105/main.gif
Indrajit Sen

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Oil tankers attacked in Iraqi waters

    12 March 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Two tankers carrying Iraqi oil products were set on fire after being attacked in Iraq’s territorial waters near the country’s southern export terminals, increasing concerns about global energy supplies.

    After the attack, the country’s Oil Ministry said that it saw the attacks as “a worrying indicator of escalating tensions in a vital area of the global economy and energy supply”.

    It added that “the safety and safety of navigation in international sea corridors and energy supply routes should be kept away from regional conflicts”.

    The Oil Ministry said the attacks had a direct impact on the stability of the global economy and energy markets, as well as putting the lives of civilians and workers in the maritime transport sector at risk.

    Farhan Al-Fartousi, from Iraq’s General Company for Ports, told state television that one crew member had been killed in the attack and that 38 crew members had been rescued.

    Iraq’s state-owned oil marketing company Somo said that the Maltese-flagged oil tanker Zefyros was attacked as it was preparing to enter the port of Khor Al-Zoubair, where it would have taken on board an additional 30,000 tonnes of liquid naphtha.

    The second targeted vessel, Safesea Vishnu, was sailing under the Marshall Islands flag and was chartered by an Iraqi company, according to Somo.

    Iraq’s oil production has fallen steeply since the conflict began, from 3.3 million barrels a day (b/d) to less than 1 million b/d.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15951323/main.png
    Wil Crisp
  • Chevron yet to agree terms for Iraq oil field takeover

    12 March 2026

     

    US-based oil company Chevron is yet to agree terms with Iraqi state-owned Basra Oil Company (BOC) for its potential takeover of Iraq’s West Qurna-2 oil field, according to industry sources.

    Last month, Chevron signed a preliminary agreement with BOC to explore taking control of the West Qurna-2 oil field.

    Until recently, West Qurna-2 was operated by Russia’s Lukoil, which faces a 28 February deadline to divest its assets in Iraq under sanctions.

    One industry source said: “Chevron is yet to agree terms, and it has made it clear that it wants different terms to the contract that Lukoil had.”

    In January, Iraq’s cabinet approved temporarily nationalising petroleum operations at the West Qurna-2 oil field until a new operator was found.

    Lukoil declared force majeure at the West Qurna-2 oil field in November, after sanctions by the UK, EU and US were announced in October.

    The Russian company had a 75% stake in the asset.      

    Prior to Russia’s Lukoil declaring force majeure, Iraq’s state oil authorities froze all cash and crude payments to Lukoil in compliance with the sanctions.

    In a statement released on 1 December 2025, Iraq’s Oil Ministry said that it had extended “direct and exclusive invitations to a number of major American oil companies”.

    Awarded to Lukoil in 2009, West Qurna-2 lies about 65 kilometres northwest of Basra in southern Iraq and produces about 480,000 barrels a day (b/d) of oil, accounting for roughly 10% of the country’s total oil output.

    At the same meeting on 23 February, Chevron also signed a deal relating to the development of the Nasiriyah field, four exploration sites in the province of Dhi Qar and a field in the province of Salahaddin.

    Chevron signed an agreement in principle with Iraq in August 2025 to develop the Nasiriyah oil project in the province of Dhi Qar.

    At the time, Iraq said it expected the Nasiriyah project to reach a production capacity of 600,000 b/d within seven years.

    READ THE MARCH 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Riyadh urges private sector to take greater role; Chemical players look to spend rationally; Economic uptick lends confidence to Cairo’s reforms.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the March 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15944830/main.png
    Wil Crisp
  • Egyptian/Saudi firms to invest $1.4bn in Cairo project

    12 March 2026

    Saudi Arabia’s Sumou Investment, through its subsidiary Adeer International, and Egyptian developer Paragon Developments have signed an agreement to jointly develop a mixed-use project in Mostakbal City, East Cairo.

    According to local media reports, the project will cover about 500,000 square metres and will be developed with a total investment of about $1.4bn.

    The project will be developed by Paragon-Adeer, a joint venture of Paragon Developments and Adeer International.

    The announcement follows a $1.4bn deal signed in July last year between Adeer International and another Egyptian developer, Midar, to jointly develop a mixed-use project in Mostakbal City.

    Midar, Sumou Investment and Hassan Allam Properties are partnering to develop $2bn in hospitality and leisure projects across several locations in Cairo within Midar-owned land parcels. 

    According to GlobalData, Egypt’s residential construction sector is expected to grow by 8.3% from 2026 to 2029, supported by investments in the housing sector and the government’s focus on addressing the country’s growing housing deficit amid a rising population.

    The commercial construction sector is expected to register real-term growth of 6.6% during 2026-29, supported by a rebound in tourism and hospitality markets and an improvement in investment in office buildings and wholesale and retail trade activities.

    MEED’s March 2026 report on Egypt includes:

    > COMMENT: Egypt’s crisis mode gives way to cautious revival
    > GOVERNMENT: Egypt adapts its foreign policy approach
    > ECONOMY & BANKING: Egypt nears return to economic stability
    > OIL & GAS: Egypt’s oil and gas sector shows bright spots
    > POWER & WATER: Egypt utility contracts hit $5bn decade peak
    > CONSTRUCTION: Coastal destinations are a boon to Egyptian construction

    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here

     

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15939746/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Qiddiya gives high-speed rail prequalifying firms more time

    12 March 2026

     

    Saudi Arabia’s Royal Commission for Riyadh City, in collaboration with Qiddiya Investment Company (QIC) and the National Centre for Privatisation & PPP, has set a new deadline of 16 April for firms to submit prequalification statements for the development of the Qiddiya high-speed rail project in Riyadh

    The prequalification notice was issued on 19 January, with an initial submission deadline of 17 March.

    The clients are considering delivering the project using either a public-private partnership (PPP) model or an engineering, procurement, construction and financing (EPCF) basis.

    Firms have been asked to prequalify for one of the two models.

    Last month, the clients invited interested firms to a project briefing session on 23 February at Qiddiya Entertainment City.

    The Qiddiya high-speed rail project will connect King Salman International airport and the King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) in Riyadh with Qiddiya City.

    Also known as Q-Express, the railway line will operate at speeds of up to 250 kilometres an hour, reaching Qiddiya in 30 minutes.

    The line is expected to be developed in two phases. The first phase will connect Qiddiya with KAFD and King Khalid International airport.

    The second phase will start from a development known as the North Pole and travel to the New Murabba development, King Salman Park, central Riyadh and Industrial City in the south of Riyadh. 

    In November last year, MEED reported that more than 145 local and international companies had expressed interest in developing the project.

    These included 68 contracting companies, 23 design and project management consultants, 16 investment firms, 12 rail operators, 10 rolling stock providers and 16 other services firms.

    In November 2023, MEED reported that French consultant Egis had been appointed as the technical adviser for the project.

    UK-based consultancy Ernst & Young is acting as the transaction adviser on the project. Ashurst is the legal adviser.

    Qiddiya is one of Saudi Arabia’s five official gigaprojects and covers a total area of 376 square kilometres (sq km), with 223 sq km of developed land. 

    READ THE MARCH 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Riyadh urges private sector to take greater role; Chemical players look to spend rationally; Economic uptick lends confidence to Cairo’s reforms.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the March 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15939059/main.gif
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Wynn resumes construction on Ras Al-Khaimah project

    12 March 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    US-based Wynn Resorts said on 11 March that site activity on its resort project on Ras Al-Khaimah’s Al-Marjan Island has restarted after work was temporarily halted. New measures are in place to ensure the safety and security of the workforce. 

    “Wynn employees have been offered the opportunity to work from abroad, if their home embassy recommends they do so,” the company added.

    The $5.1bn project involves the construction of an integrated resort with 1,500 rooms, high-end shopping, MICE venues and the UAE’s first confirmed gaming area. It is scheduled to open in spring 2027.

    The 70-floor 283-metre-tall main structure was topped out in December 2025.

    Financially, Wynn Resorts holds a 40% equity stake in the joint-venture development company alongside local partners Marjan and RAK Hospitality Holding. Wynn reported in late 2025 that about two-thirds of the project’s budget had already been spent or contractually committed, which provides a degree of protection against fluctuating material costs.

    In 2025, Wynn Resorts said it had secured a $2.4bn construction facility to finance the development of the project. In a statement at the time, Wynn said the financing is the largest hospitality financing transaction in UAE history. The loan, available to Wynn Al-Marjan Island FZ-LLC – a subsidiary of the 40%-owned joint venture – is denominated in both AED and US dollars.

    Structured as a delayed draw facility, the seven-year term loan offers competitive market interest rates and substantial financial flexibility for the joint-venture partners.

    The syndicate includes prominent regional and international banks, with Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and Deutsche Bank serving as joint coordinators. The joint coordinators, along with First Abu Dhabi Bank, Emirates NBD Capital and the National Bank of Ras Al-Khaimah, acted as mandated lead arrangers, bookrunners and underwriters, and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation acted as lead arranger. First Abu Dhabi Bank is also the agent and security agent for the lenders.

    Dubai-based Alec was appointed as the project’s main contractor in 2023. Earlier in March, Alec said it had resumed on-site and in-office operations across its UAE projects from 4 March.

    In a statement, the company said that it is working closely with clients to ensure a prompt and safe return to full-scale activity.

    The move follows a temporary work-from-home policy introduced across the company’s UAE operations in response to ongoing events, as Alec Holdings reaffirmed its commitment to protecting its workforce while continuing to deliver in clients’ best interests.

    During the same period, the company said its operations in Saudi Arabia remained fully operational.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15952339/main.jpg
    Colin Foreman