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Gulf LNG sector enters a new prolific phase

24 October 2025

 

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been produced in the GCC since the 1970s. However, it is only since the start of this decade that regional producers have begun committing tens of billions of dollars to significantly ramp up output, driven by soaring global demand for the super-chilled fuel.

The GCC is projected to add at least 80 million tonnes a year (t/y) of LNG capacity by 2030, placing it firmly among the world’s top three producing regions. 

Qatar leads the Gulf’s push for LNG dominance as the region’s largest – and one of its earliest – LNG producers.

State enterprise QatarEnergy has been producing LNG from the giant North Field offshore gas reserve in the Gulf waters, which it shares with Iran, since the 1980s. QatarEnergy currently produces 77.5 million t/y of LNG from 15 processing trains, all located in a sprawling complex in Ras Laffan Industrial City.

Top spot

QatarEnergy is on course to nearly double its LNG production to 142 million t/y by the end of the decade through its $40bn North Field LNG expansion programme.

The energy giant is understood to have spent nearly $30bn on the first two phases of its North Field expansion – North Field East and North Field South – which will raise LNG production capacity from 77.5 million t/y to 126 million t/y by 2028. Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) works on both projects are progressing.

QatarEnergy awarded the main EPC contracts for the North Field East project in 2021. The project aims to boost LNG output to 110 million t/y by 2025. The $13bn EPC package – covering the engineering, procurement, construction and installation of four LNG trains, each with a capacity of 8 million t/y – was awarded in February 2021 to a consortium of Japan’s Chiyoda Corporation and France’s Technip Energies.

In May 2023, QatarEnergy awarded the $10bn main EPC contract for the North Field South project to a consortium of Technip Energies and Lebanon-based Consolidated Contractors Company. 

The contract includes two large LNG trains, each with a capacity of 7.8 million t/y.

Once fully operational, the first two phases of the North Field expansion will add 48 million t/y of supply to the global LNG market.

In February 2024, QatarEnergy announced the third phase of its North Field expansion – North Field West. The project will add 16 million t/y of LNG capacity through two processing trains of 8 million t/y each, following the model of earlier phases. It will source feedstock from the western zone of the offshore North Field reserve.

Progress on the North Field West project has, however, been slow, and it has remained in the pre-front-end engineering and design (pre-feed) phase since its announcement.

QatarEnergy is reportedly exploring options to fast-track it to the EPC stage.

The first two phases of the North Field expansion will add 48 million t/y to the global LNG market

Oman progress

Oman has recently made significant progress in the global race to expand LNG production and exports. The Omani government made headlines in July last year, when it announced that majority state-owned Oman LNG would build a fourth train at its Qalhat LNG production complex in Sur.

The new LNG train will have an output capacity of 3.8 million t/y, increasing Oman LNG’s total production capacity to 15.2 million t/y when it is commissioned in 2029.

Oman LNG recently made key progress on its project to add a fourth processing train at the Sur LNG complex. The majority state-owned company has shortlisted a consortium of Chiyoda and South Korea’s Samsung C&T, Japanese contractor JGC Corporation and another consortium of Italian contractor Saipem and South Korea-based Daewoo Engineering & Construction to participate in the main tender for EPC works.

Technical and commercial bids are due in February and March 2026, respectively.

The EPC tender process began less than a year after Oman LNG awarded the feed contract to US-based consultancy KBR.

Separately, France’s TotalEnergies is studying a potential expansion of its Marsa LNG bunkering and export terminal in Oman. The move is significant considering that the first phase of the project is currently under construction in the sultanate’s northern industrial city of Sohar, and will have an output capacity of 1 million t/y.

TotalEnergies purportedly began an initial study on a potential second phase of the Marsa LNG facility earlier this year. The French energy major may consider doubling the output capacity of the LNG complex, although the plan is yet to be confirmed, according to sources.

Earlier in the year, TotalEnergies appointed Technip Energies – already the main EPC contractor on the under- construction Marsa LNG terminal – as a consultant to perform concept and feasibility studies on the proposed second expansion phase.

With Oman LNG advancing its fourth train and TotalEnergies mulling a potential doubling of LNG production in Oman, the sultanate is positioning itself as a key global LNG player by 2030.

UAE plans

Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) has historically been one of the GCC’s smaller LNG producers. Its subsidiary, Adnoc Gas, operates three large gas processing trains on Das Island. 

The Das Island terminal has a liquefaction and export capacity of about 6 million t/y. The first two trains, commissioned in the 1970s, provide a combined 2.9 million t/y, while the third, added in the mid-1990s, contributes 3.2 million t/y.

Adnoc Gas will significantly expand its LNG capacity with a new greenfield terminal in Ruwais, set to come online in 2028.  The terminal will add 9.6 million t/y of LNG capacity via two 4.8 million t/y trains.

Adnoc awarded the $5.5bn EPC contract in June 2024 to a consortium of Technip Energies, JGC Corporation, and NMDC Energy, coinciding with its final investment decision.

Along with the main processing trains, the Ruwais LNG complex will also feature process units, storage tanks and an export jetty for loading cargoes and LNG bunkering, as well as utilities, flare handling systems and associated buildings. The facility will ship LNG mainly to key Asian markets, such as Pakistan, India, China, South Korea and Japan. 

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Indrajit Sen

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