Growth inevitable for the Saudi water sector
14 March 2024
Latest news on Saudi Arabia’s water sector:
> Sepco 3 and Wabag team wins Al Haer EPC package
> Miahona and Besix team signs Al Haer deal
> Ras Mohaisen bids due by end of March
> King Salman Park selects water package bidder
> Bid evaluation for Oxagon cooling continues
> Three consortiums form for Jubail-Buraydah scheme
> Firms to submit Neom water documents
> Neom’s utility projects take shape

The water sector is playing an increasingly important role as Saudi Arabia enters the execution phase of Vision 2030.
In the foreseeable future, the momentum to build water desalination, treatment, district cooling, storage and transmission facilities will only accelerate. This is due to the need to ensure security of supply, adopt a circular carbon economy and support the development of sports and tourism destinations such as Trojena at Neom, not to mention the kingdom's aggressive population growth,
Over a 10-year window, the sector had its best year in 2023, awarding contracts with a total value of approximately $10bn, some 50% higher than in 2022.
But 2024 looks to be even better than the previous year if the value of contracts awarded in the first two months is any indication.
Key clients, including Saline Water Conversion Company (SWCC), Saudi Water Partnership Company (SWPC) and National Water Company (NWC), along with Neom, have awarded contracts valued at more than $6.2bn as of mid-March. This equates to 63% of the value of contracts awarded in 2023 and 95% in 2022.
Trojena dams
In January, Italian contractor WeBuild awarded a single contract worth $4.7bn to construct dams at the Trojena mountain resort in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The deal includes the construction of three dams that will form a freshwater lake for the Trojena ski resort.
Other schemes awarded so far this year include a package for sewage networks and pumping stations in Al-Khobar as well the expansion of an existing sewage treatment plant in the city; the second phase of the Arda water transmission system and the upgrade of the Hali dam and Shuiba water transmission system; and the Al Haer independent sewage treatment plant (ISTP) project.
2023 highlights
In 2023, water transmission and distribution (T&D) deals accounted for more than half, 54%, of the total contracts awarded in the kingdom’s water sector.
The water transmission segment's impressive performance hinged on the award of a contract to develop and operate the kingdom’s first independent water transmission pipeline (IWTP) project.
The $2.07bn Rayis-Rabigh IWTP project will have a length of 150 kilometres and transmit 500,000 cubic metres a day (cm/d) of drinking water between the two municipalities.
A team comprising the local Alkhorayef Water & Power Technologies Company, Spain’s Cobra Group and Egypt’s Orascom Construction won the contract to develop the Rayis-Rabigh IWTP scheme.
It offered a levelised water transmission cost of SR1.25678 a cubic metre for the build-operate-transfer (BOT) contract, which lasts 450 months, including the 30-month construction period.
The value of awarded water T&D contracts eclipsed those seen in the water desalination and treatment segments, although they individually registered sizeable contract awards uplift relative to 2022.
An estimated $1.3bn-worth of waste desalination contracts were awarded in 2023. These include the Rabigh 4 independent water project (IWP), awarded by SWPC, and the Jafurah IWP, which caters to Saudi Aramco’s gas development scheme.
A more diverse client base boosted the water treatment segment, which awarded over $2.1bn of contracts in 2023. While the kingdom’s potable water distributor and water treatment company, NWC, dominated the water treatment segment, real estate developers such as King Salman Park Foundation, Neom, The Red Sea Development Company and Roshn also awarded water treatment contracts last year as part of their flagship real-estate projects.
Notably, SWPC selected a bidder for the kingdom’s first independent strategic water reservoir (ISWR) project last year.
A team comprising the local Vision International Investment Company, Kuwait's Gulf Investment Corporation and the UAE's Abu Dhabi National Energy Company (Taqa) proposed to develop the Juranah ISWR project for SRhals18.11 ($c4.83) a cubic metre.
The Juranah ISWR scheme is the first of several reservoir projects that SWPC intends to develop with private sector partners. It has a design capacity of 2.5 million cubic metres. The developer team has yet to reach financial close on the scheme as of March.
Unawarded projects
More than $31bn of projects are in the pre-execution phase across the kingdom’s five water segments, with T&D, desalination and water treatment accounting for over 80 per cent of the projects pipeline.
The three main stakeholders, SWPC, SWCC and NWC, are expected to continue to dominate future contract awards.
Bid evaluation is under way for water desalination engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) schemes tendered by SWCC, including the second phases of the Shuaibah and Yanbu water desalination plants. SWPC's second IWTP project, two IWPs and multiple NWC transmission schemes are in the bid phase and likely to be awarded in the remaining months of 2024.
However, the trend whereby some of the largest real-estate developers are going ahead with tendering utility projects independent of these state-backed companies is expected to be sustained.
In addition to the SWCC spin-off, Water Transmission and Technologies Company (WTTCO), gigaproject developers such as Neom and its utility arm, Enowa, and the various royal commissions, among others, have sizeable contracts likely to be awarded over the next 12 to 18 months.
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Paris-headquartered hotel operator Accor expects Dubai’s hotel market to return to pre-conflict occupancy levels by the end of the first quarter or early second quarter of 2027, with room rates lagging the volume recovery by several months.
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Morin dismissed concerns that the conflict had structurally weakened Dubai’s pricing power, drawing a parallel with the period following Covid-19.
“When we came out of Covid, everybody said those prices would never hold. The question at every analyst call was always the same: your pricing strategy is unsustainable. Guess what? Nothing changed. The prices now, three or four years later, are still the same.”
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No pullback
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Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
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Bahrain taps consultants for studying use of nuclear power17 July 2026

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Bahrain is exploring the use of nuclear power for domestic consumption as well as for potential export of surplus, with state energy conglomerate Bapco Energies tasked with studying the prospect of building a modular nuclear power plant.
According to sources, the proposed project is being led by BeVentures, the venture capital arm of Bapco Energies, which was launched in July 2024.
Under the plan being studied, power to be produced by the nuclear facility will be supplied mainly to major industrial complexes in the kingdom, such as Aluminium Bahrain (Alba) and Bapco Refining, for clean production of aluminium and refined products, respectively, in line with Bahrain’s ambition of achieving net-zero emissions by 2060.
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Bapco Energies did not respond to MEED’s request for comment and additional information on the proposed modular nuclear project.
Mark Thomas, the group CEO of Bapco Energies, told MEED in an interview in April last year that BeVentures was considering investments in “ … new technologies that can both help existing business, as well as prepare … for the future, for the energy transition”.
“We’re looking at opportunities principally within our existing businesses around oil and gas production, refining and petrochemicals. But we’re also looking at elements that will prepare us for the future, more into renewables,” Thomas said, without explicitly mentioning nuclear power.
Case for nuclear power
Bahrain’s interest in exploring nuclear power has been driven primarily by the limitations of its hydrocarbon endowment. Given its small territorial size – about 786 square kilometres – Bahrain holds relatively modest hydrocarbon reserves compared with its Gulf peers.
The kingdom produces about 200,000 barrels a day (b/d) of oil, of which the Awali Field, also known as the Bahrain Field, contributes approximately 42,400 b/d.
Most of Bahrain’s crude production – about 145,000 b/d – comes from the offshore Abu Safah field, located in Gulf waters between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia and shared between Bapco Energies’ subsidiary Bapco Upstream and Saudi Aramco.
Bapco Energies has long pursued additional resources to boost oil and gas output. However, the discovery of the Khalij Al-Bahrain basin in 2018 – its biggest find in decades – has yet to live up to its promise. Initially estimated to hold 80 billion barrels of oil and 10-20 trillion cubic feet of gas, the find has not translated into production at the anticipated scale. Other, smaller exploration efforts with foreign players have also yet to yield the desired results.
The kingdom therefore remains heavily reliant on its larger neighbour, Saudi Arabia, for oil and gas supplies, importing about 350,000 b/d from Aramco via the AB-4 pipeline.
At the same time, given its environmental sustainability targets, other forms of renewable energy – mainly solar – are unlikely on their own to enable Bahrain to reach net zero by 2060.
Bapco Energies published emissions-reduction targets in July 2023, in one of the most detailed disclosures by any state energy enterprise in the GCC. It has also engaged advisers including Boston Consulting Group to help devise a strategy to meet its environmental goals, and Standard Chartered to support financing requirements.
Using 2017 as a baseline year, Bapco Energies has committed to reducing absolute Scope 3 emissions in Bahrain by 30% by 2035, and to reaching net-zero Scope 3 emissions by 2060.
In addition, Bapco Energies sets out net emissions-intensity reduction targets for Scope 1 and 2 – also using 2017 as a baseline – of 15% by 2025, 25% by 2030, 30% by 2035, 50% by 2040 and 75% by 2050, with the aim of achieving net-zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2060.
Bahrain has been laying the groundwork to enable it to tap nuclear power for household and industrial needs in the future.
The kingdom is already operating under a Country Programme Framework (2024–29) with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which establishes regulatory and safety benchmarks that must be in place before any commercial reactor construction begins.
In July last year, Manama also signed a civilian nuclear cooperation memorandum of understanding with the US. Financed under the US Foundational Infrastructure for Responsible Use of Small Modular Reactor Technology (FIRST) programme, the partnership provides Bahrain with technical support to develop secure, weaponisation-free civil nuclear infrastructure.
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