meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Gaza conflict reignites violence in Syria

4 June 2024

 

Since fighting began in the Gaza war in October, Syria’s civil war has been pushed even further down the regional agenda, threatening to turn a largely frozen conflict into a forgotten one.

The intensity of the fighting, which entered its 14th year in March, has atrophied into a near stalemate in recent years, with the regime of President Bashar Al Assad controlling around 70% of the country, while a medley of rebel groups, Turkish forces and Kurdish and Arab militias hold a patchwork of territories across the north and east.

However, the battle between Israel and Hamas has threatened to reignite the Syrian war in new ways.

Assad has been doing his best to avoid getting involved in any regional escalation, but that has not always been easy, with the Israeli attack on the Iranian embassy in Damascus on 1 April, in particular, raising the risk of Syria becoming a battleground.

Over the past decade, there have been numerous Israeli attacks in Syria against the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp’s Al Quds force as well as Tehran-backed militias, but the rate of attacks has increased since the Gaza war broke out.

Expanding violence

In March, the UN’s Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Syria issued a report which said the country has been suffering the worst wave of violence since 2020. “Since October, Syria has seen the largest escalation in fighting in four years,” said commission chairman Paulo Pinheiro at the time. “Syria … desperately needs a ceasefire.”

That analysis has been backed up by the US-based Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) project, which recorded 201 incidents linked to Israeli attacks in Syria involving 236 deaths between October 2023 and March 2024, the highest number since it began tracking the civil war in 2017.

Assad has several reasons to want to avoid being drawn further into conflict with Israel, not least that his own forces are stretched and weakened after years of fighting.

Damascus has also not forgotten that Hamas broke ties with Assad during the Arab Spring, with the Palestinian group’s leader, Khaled Mashal, leaving Damascus in early 2012. Relations were only restored a decade later, when a Hamas delegation travelled to the Syrian capital, but they remain strained.

In contrast to the threat of escalation as a result of Gaza, the Syrian civil war itself has been largely stagnant since 2020, when Damascus abandoned its attempt to recapture the Idlib governorate in the northwest. Since then, the frontlines have stayed largely the same, but the country is far from being at peace and there is the constant threat of fresh fighting breaking out.

In October last year, a drone strike on a military graduation ceremony in the government-controlled city of Homs killed 80 people and wounded 240. In response, government forces launched an offensive against groups in the northwestern Idlib province, where Tahrir Al Sham (a militant group that emerged in 2017 out of several others) and the Turkish-backed National Liberation Front have their strongholds.

In April this year, suspected members of the Islamic State group killed 22 pro-government fighters of the Quds Brigade near the town of Sukhna in central Syria. There were similar attacks the following month.

Diplomatic overtures

Regional powers, including some in the Gulf, have urged Syria to resist being drawn into the Gaza conflict. Relations between Damascus and several Gulf capitals have been improving over the past few years, although the momentum behind that process appears to be slowing down.

Assad was in Bahrain in mid-May to attend the Arab Summit – the second such gathering he has been at since Syria was re-admitted to the organisation in 2023 following a diplomatic push by Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

Among the other signs of diplomatic re-engagement, the UAE’s ambassador to Syria, Hassan Ahmed Al Shehi, took up his post in February, and in late May, Saudi Arabia named Faisal Al Mujfel its ambassador to Damascus – its first senior envoy there for 12 years.

The diplomatic outreach by the Gulf countries is motivated in large part by a desire to put pressure on Damascus to restrict the flow of the illegal drug Captagon into their markets, but there has been little sign to date that the Assad regime is willing to end that trade – which, by some measures, is now the largest part of the Syrian economy.

There are problems with other regional powers too, not least Turkey, which maintains control over two areas of northern Syria along their common border, from where it is trying to neutralise the threat of the People’s Defence Units (YPG), the Kurdish group at the core of the Syrian Democratic Forces now in control of some 20-25% of Syrian territory in the northeast of the country. Ankara views the YPG as a terrorist group due to its association with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), which is banned in Turkey.

“What Damascus wants of Turkey is a full withdrawal; Turkey leaving and moving all its troops from Syria,” said Dareen Khalifa, senior adviser for dialogue promotion at the International Crisis Group, at the same Chatham House event.

“What Turkey wants of Damascus is preventing a new wave of refugees, crushing the Kurdish-led YPG forces and so on. It wants things from Damascus that Damascus can’t really deliver on. So, I think that deadlock is going to continue.”

That looks to be true of the wider civil war, too, with little sign that the Assad regime or the various rebel groups have the ability to force significant changes on the ground.

Less clear is how the situation in Gaza, and the associated Israeli attacks and provocation against Iranian groups on Syrian soil, could yet affect the ongoing conflict in Syria in less predictable ways.

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/11854698/main.gif
Dominic Dudley

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Aramco Stadium races towards completion

    12 November 2025

     

    The Aramco Stadium in Khobar is moving forward at an impressive pace as the fast-track project races towards completion in 2026

    The 47,000-seat stadium will be the new home for the Aramco-owned Al-Qadsiah Club and a key venue for the 2027 AFC Asian Cup and the 2034 Fifa World Cup. 

    The project’s progress stems from detailed planning and an accelerated delivery strategy. The project was conceived in May 2023, with the design process, managed by Aramco, commencing shortly thereafter. 

    “We completed the design within six months,” said Mohammed Subhi, the Aramco Stadium’s project manager.


    The project advanced quickly due to thorough planning and a fast-track delivery approach. Initiated in May 2023, the design phase—overseen by Aramco—was completed within six months

    An early engagement approach with the main contractor – a joint venture of Besix and Al-Bawani – was instrumental in maintaining momentum. This partnership began early in 2024, allowing for collaborative input on critical construction elements. 

    This upfront collaboration minimised pre-construction time, ensuring a rapid transition to site work.

    Engineering challenges

    The stadium’s architectural design, inspired by the natural whirlpools of the Gulf and featuring interwoven transparent sails, presents significant engineering challenges, particularly in the structural steel and façade work. For spectator comfort, the stadium is equipped with full cooling systems and designed to the highest international standards.

    Logistics management is another crucial facet of the project, which is located in central Khobar. With thousands of workers on site, the movement of materials is tightly controlled to minimise community disruption. 

    “We control how many trucks can enter the site and at what time. For example, we cannot cast concrete during the day. It has to be after 6pm, up until the early morning,” said Subhi.

    A key priority on site is health and safety, an area where the organisation’s legacy from its oil and gas operations is clearly visible. Subhi explains that the principle of health and safety is part of the company’s DNA and is embodied in the deployment of advanced technology and rigorous standards, which have collectively resulted in over 10 million safe working hours to date.

    The project employs a sophisticated Smart Safety Command Centre (SCC), which utilises artificial intelligence-based monitoring and 24/7 surveillance. One key feature of the centre is the crane collision prevention system – a key technological advancement in heavy machinery coordination and a first for the region. 

    “We have tower cranes and crawler cranes talking to each other. The anti-collision system means cranes talk to each other without human interference, and they automatically shut down when they are too close to each other,” said Subhi.


    A key technological advancement is the crane collision prevention system, which means the cranes talk to each other and shut down if they become too close

    In addition to ground operations, the project is leveraging aerial technology to mitigate risk in high-altitude work.

    “We have used drones for the inspection of the cranes and inspection of the steel structure itself to minimise the risk of working at height,” said Subhi.


    Drones have been adopted on-site to mitigate the risk of working at height

    Worker welfare

    The project’s commitment extends beyond mere regulatory compliance to comprehensive worker welfare, establishing a high standard for construction sites in the region. 

    With current staffing reaching approximately 11,000 direct and indirect workers, welfare provisions are a core priority, linking directly back to Aramco’s corporate standards.

    In a region where extreme heat is a constant challenge, the project has implemented advanced heat stress management protocols. This includes the installation of heat sensors with alarm systems, mandatory work stoppage during peak heat hours and regular briefings on heat exhaustion symptoms. Fully air-conditioned rest areas are provided for breaks and meals.

    Aramco is also committed to developing national talent. A significant proportion of the staff are young, and about 20% of the team are women.

    The relationship with the joint-venture contractor is defined by collaboration rather than traditional client-contractor hierarchy. “We are one team, working together,” said Subhi. This approach has fostered a cooperative environment that is accelerating the on-site progress towards the 2026 completion goal. 

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15073939/main.gif
    Colin Foreman
  • Oman signs PPA for 125MW Dhofar 2 wind project

    12 November 2025

    Singapore's Sembcorp Utilities and local firm OQ Alternative Energy (OQAE) have won a contract to develop the 125MW Dhofar 2 wind independent power project in Oman.

    The contract was awarded by state offtaker Nama Power & Water Procurement Company (Nama PWP) under a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA).

    Under the PPA, Sembcorp and OQAE will form a joint venture to build, own and operate the wind farm, which will supply power to Nama PWP once operational.

    The equity split will give Sembcorp 75% and OQAE 25%, a source close to the project told MEED.

    Nama PWP said that it will allocate a portion of contracted works for the Dhofar 2 project to Omani small and medium-sized enterprises under its in-country value programme.

    The project is expected to begin commercial operations in the third quarter of 2027.

    The facility, valued at about OR43m ($112m), will be located on a 12-square-kilometre site in Dhofar Governorate.

    The project comprises 20 Windey WD200 turbines, each with a 6.25MW capacity. Each turbine stands 215 metres tall and will be connected to the national grid via a 400kV substation.

    The development will provide clean electricity to more than 18,000 homes and will cut carbon dioxide emissions by about 158,000 tonnes a year.

    It is also expected to generate about 396,754 megawatt-hours and free up around 76 million cubic metres of natural gas annually.

    Sembcorp has over 1.1GW of energy assets in Oman. In September, the firm signed a new 10-year power and water purchase agreement with Nama PWP for its Salalah independent water and power plant.

    According to Nama PWP, the offtaker has contracted 26 water and desalination plants, exceeding $11bn in investment, over the past 15 years.

    Chief energy transition officer at Nama PWP, Abdullah Bin Rashid Al-Sawafi, said the company "plans to attract a further $5bn over the next five years, mainly in renewable energy and storage technologies".

    This includes an extra 9GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, representing 60% of total contracted capacity.

    Oman aims to have 30% of its electricity generation from renewable sources by the same year.

    READ THE NOVEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Mena players up the ante in global LNG production race; Investment takes UAE non-oil economy from strength to strength; Project finance activity draws international lenders back to market

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the November 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15073043/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Hitachi wins Alexandria Raml tram systems deal

    12 November 2025

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Hitachi Rail has announced that it has won a contract related to the modernisation and upgrade of the Alexandria Raml tram network in Egypt.

    Hitachi Rail said it will deliver advanced signalling and communications systems, an operational control centre and supervisory control and data acquisition, security systems with CCTV cameras and access control, passenger information and on-board equipment.

    The contract was awarded by a joint venture of Hassan Allam and Arab Contractors.

    The project scope includes rehabilitating a 13.2-kilometre tram line, constructing a maintenance depot, developing elevated viaducts and upgrading 24 stations.

    The project will reduce journey times from 60 to 35 minutes by increasing the operational speed on the line from 11 kilometres an hour (km/h) to 21km/h. The project will also increase the hourly capacity from 4,700 to 13,800 passengers in each direction. 

    UK analytics firm GlobalData expects the Egyptian construction industry to grow by 6.5% in real terms in 2025, supported by investments in oil and gas, industrial and housing construction projects. According to the Central Bank of Egypt, the country’s average construction production index grew by 5.8% year-on-year in the first 10 months of 2024.

    GlobalData says the construction industry's output is expected to register an annual average growth rate of 8% in 2026-29, supported by investments in commercial, renewable energy and transport infrastructure projects, coupled with the government’s target of developing 10GW of renewable energy projects by 2028 under the Nexus of Water, Food and Energy Programme.

    The infrastructure construction sector is expected to expand by 4.4% in real terms in 2025 and record an annual average growth rate of 7% in 2026-29, supported by government plans to continue its spending on transport infrastructure, ports and terminals.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15073050/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Contract award nears for Al-Ula tram works

    12 November 2025

     

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Saudi Arabia’s Royal Commission for Al-Ula (RCU) is preparing to award the contract to build infrastructure for the tramway at the Al-Ula development.

    MEED understands that bid evaluation has reached advanced stages and the contract award is imminent.

    Contractors submitted revised bids for the scheme in August, as MEED reported.

    It is understood that consortiums were asked to propose self-funded financing arrangements for the project.

    The first phase of the tram scheme is a 22.4-kilometre-long line with 17 stations, operated by 20 trams. It will link Al-Ula International airport to five of the area’s historical regions.

    The scope of work includes the design and construction of a tram depot, tram tracks, technical buildings, station buildings and other associated infrastructure.

    In June, MEED exclusively reported that the RCU had asked firms to submit their final offers for a contract to build tramway infrastructure at the Al-Ula development.

    The RCU issued a request for proposals in June last year and received commercial bids for the project on 10 November.

    France’s Systra is the consultant.

    In October 2023, the RCU announced that France’s Alstom will supply rolling stock and systems for the Al-Ula tram scheme.

    The RCU unveiled an investment plan worth SR57bn ($15bn) to regenerate Al-Ula in April 2021. About $3.2bn has been allocated for infrastructure development, including the tram and renewable power generation.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15072614/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Contractors submit bids for $1.4bn Kuwait oil pipeline

    12 November 2025

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    A low bid of KD419m ($1.4bn) has been submitted on an oil pipeline project in Kuwait, according to figures published by the country’s Central Agency for Public Tenders (Capt).

    The bid was submitted by local contractor Alghanim International General Trading & Contracting.

    The contract was tendered by state-owned upstream operator Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) and covers the construction of crude oil pipelines and associated works.

    The full list of bidders and prices is:

    • Alghanim International General Trading & Contracting – KD419m ($1.4bn)
    • Mechanical Engineering & Construction Company – KD422.5m
    • Al-Dar Engineering & Construction Company – KD425.7m
    • Combined Group Contracting Company – KD502m
    • Heisco – KD506.1m
    • Sayed Hameed Behbehani & Sons – KD674m

    Kuwait is trying to boost project activity in its upstream sector.

    The country’s national oil company, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, is aiming to increase oil production capacity to 4 million barrels a day (b/d) by 2035.

    In August, Kuwait announced that it was producing 3.2 million b/d.

    Earlier this month, KOC said it was planning to spend KD1.2bn ($3.92bn) on its exploration drilling programme through 2030.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15072150/main.jpg
    Wil Crisp