Energy security facilitates upstream spending
1 March 2023
MEED's upstream oil & gas report also includes: Hydrocarbons exploration rebounds

Middle East and North Africa (Mena) oil and gas producers have stepped up to the challenge of meeting the world’s energy needs, especially since the outbreak of the Russia- Ukraine war in February 2022. Although state-owned and private energy producers alike are motivated by the profitability that high commodity prices bring, supply from the region is critical in addressing global energy security.
Regional hydrocarbons producers spent almost $19bn on upstream projects in 2022 as they sought to swiftly bring additional energy supplies online to offset the impact of the lack of Russian volumes on the global market, and particularly on Europe.
With the larger issue of an effective energy transition taking longer than projected, coupled with the prevailing supply shortage, Mena players have put in place major capital expenditure (capex) plans to boost their long-term oil and gas production potential.
The overall value of Mena oil and gas production projects in various pre-execution stages is more than $125bn, according to regional projects tracker MEED Projects.
Robust upstream spending
Qatar dominated spending on upstream projects for the second year in a row in 2022, accounting for more than a third of the $18.9bn of engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract awards in the Mena region.
With the goal of consolidating its position as the world’s largest supplier of gas, QatarEnergy is making progress with its North Field liquefied natural gas (LNG) expansion programme, estimated to be worth about $30bn. This will raise Qatar’s LNG production to 126 million tonnes a year (t/y) in two phases by 2027.
The two-stage North Field Production Sustainability (NFPS) programme will run in parallel, to help maintain gas production from the large offshore reserve in order to match the feedstock requirements of the LNG expansion scheme.
QatarEnergy’s biggest award in 2022 was a $4.5bn EPC contract won by Italian contractor Saipem. It covers the building and installation of two gas compression facilities as part of the second development phase of the NFPS project.
The two gas compression complexes covered in the package will weigh 62,000 tonnes and 63,000 tonnes and will be the largest fixed steel jacket compression platforms ever built.
Saudi Aramco allocated a capex budget of $40bn-$50bn for 2022, an increase on the $31.9bn it spent in 2021. The firm came second to QatarEnergy, spending about $5.8bn on upstream EPC contracts in 2022.
Aramco awarded contracts for 11 offshore engineering, procurement, construction and installation (EPCI) tenders during the year to contractors in its Long-Term Agreement (LTA) pool of offshore service providers.
Through these offshore structure refurbishment and modification works, Aramco intends to maintain and enhance the oil and gas production capacity of its Abu Safah, Manifa, Marjan, Qatif and Safaniya fields.
In the first quarter of 2022, Aramco also selected Japanese contractor JGC Corporation for the two main onshore packages of the Zuluf upstream project. Package one is estimated to be the bigger of the two onshore packages, with an approximate contract value of $2bn-$2.5bn. It covers EPC work to build hydrocarbons processing facilities. Package two, covering utilities and water injection facilities, is estimated to be worth about $1bn.
Healthy projects pipeline
With regional energy producers stepping up efforts to achieve their oil and gas output goals more quickly, the level of spending on upstream EPC project contracts this year is expected to increase to almost three times that of 2022.
Iran is still under the weight of economic sanctions and has failed to reach an agreement with Western governments regarding its nuclear programme. Despite this, the country appears to still be striving to increase its oil and gas production levels.
State-owned Pars Oil & Gas Company (POGC) is understood to be moving ahead with a programme to develop the offshore North Pars gas field, estimated to hold reserves of up to 55 trillion cubic feet.
POGC has undertaken a $16bn EPC project, with offshore and onshore components, to start gas production from North Pars. With Tehran suffering from a lack of foreign investment in its energy sector, however, the actual size of the project could shrink significantly and there could be delays to its development timeline.
QatarEnergy, meanwhile, has progressed to the next phase of its North Field LNG expansion programme, known as North Field South (NFS). Contractors submitted commercial bids in February for the estimated $6bn package covering EPCI work on two main LNG trains.
Investing in growth
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) has adopted a five-year business plan with a capex budget of $150bn for 2023-27. The firm has also said it now aims to meet its oil production capacity target of 5 million barrels a day (b/d) by 2027 instead of 2030.
Having brought its oil and gas production capacity targets forward, Adnoc is accelerating work on key projects. The firm plans to raise gas output by 3 billion cubic feet a day (cf/d) in the next few years, and the Hail and Ghasha offshore sour gas production project will be central to achieving this goal.
In January, Adnoc signed pre-construction service agreements with two consortiums of contractors for the offshore and onshore EPC work on the gas production project, which is estimated to be worth more than $10bn.
France-headquartered Technip Energies, South Korean contractor Samsung Engineering and Italy’s Tecnimont have formed a consortium for the Hail and Ghasha onshore package.
Italian contractor Saipem, Abu Dhabi’s National Petroleum Construction Company and state-owned China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Company will work together on the offshore package.
Under the agreements, which are valued at $80m and $60m for the onshore and offshore packages, respectively, the contractors will perform initial detailed engineering and procurement services for critical long-lead items.
The consortiums will also prepare proposals for the main EPC work on the project, which Adnoc will evaluate on an open-book cost estimate basis.
Production from the Ghasha concession, where the Hail and Ghasha fields are located, is expected to start in 2025, ramping up to more than 1.5 billion cf/d before the end of the decade.
Meanwhile, Saudi Aramco is striving to increase its maximum oil output spare capacity to 13 million b/d by 2027 from about 12 million b/d currently, and raise gas production by 50 per cent by the end of this decade.
To realise these targets, Aramco is expected to significantly raise capex on upstream EPC contracts this year. The company is preparing to award more than $3bn-worth of offshore EPCI deals to its LTA contractors before the end of the first quarter of 2023.
Later this year, Aramco is anticipated to award several more multibillion-dollar offshore EPCI jobs. This will include 10 packages of a project to incrementally increase oil production from the Safaniya offshore oil and gas field in Saudi Arabia – the world’s largest offshore oil field.
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UAE to withdraw from Opec and Opec+ alliance28 April 2026
The UAE has announced its decision to withdraw from Opec and the Opec+ alliance from 1 May.
In a statement, the UAE Ministry of Energy said the move followed a “comprehensive review” of its production policy.
“While near-term volatility, including disruptions in the Arabian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz, continues to affect supply dynamics, underlying trends point to sustained growth in global energy demand over the medium to long term,” the statement, issued on 28 April, said.
“This decision follows decades of constructive cooperation. The UAE joined Opec in 1967 through the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and continued its membership following the formation of the United Arab Emirates in 1971. Throughout this period, the UAE has played an active role in supporting global oil market stability and strengthening dialogue among producing nations.”
The announcement was timed to coincide with an Opec ministerial meeting in Vienna and was communicated through state news agency Wam.
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) has set a target of raising production capacity to 5 million barrels a day (b/d) by 2027 – up from a current capacity of around 4.85 million b/d, though the country has been constrained to producing approximately 3.4 million b/d under Opec+ quota agreements.
Membership of a quota-constrained group sits uneasily with that ambition. The non-oil economy now accounts for roughly 75% of the UAE’s GDP, reducing the political cost of rupture with the organisation.
The Iran war wiped out 7.88 million b/d of Opec production in March, cutting group output 27% to 20.79 million b/d – the steepest supply collapse in the organisation’s recorded history, exceeding the Covid-19 demand shock of May 2020 and the disruptions of both the 1970s oil crisis and the 1991 Gulf War. Gulf producers have been struggling to route exports through the Strait of Hormuz amid Iranian threats and attacks on vessels, further straining the group’s cohesion.
Against that backdrop, the UAE’s departure deals a significant blow to Opec and its de facto leader, Saudi Arabia, which has sought to project unity despite persistent internal disagreements over quotas and geopolitics.
The US-Israeli war on Iran since late February has had a detrimental effect on a number of Gulf states, including the UAE.
The UAE was targeted by thousands of Iranian ballistic missiles and drones, damaging strategic oil and gas facilities, denting Dubai’s appeal as a luxury tourism hotspot and slowing oil exports to a trickle.
Whereas some Gulf states have urged dialogue with Iran, the UAE has maintained a more hawkish position. Analysts say that position is partially due to its reliance on the Strait of Hormuz for oil exports and the UAE’s unwillingness to see Iran cement itself as a regional power in the Gulf.
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NWC tenders package 14 of sewage treatment programme28 April 2026

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Saudi Arabia’s National Water Company (NWC) has tendered a contract for the construction of 10 sewage treatment plants as part of the next phase of its long-term operations and maintenance (LTOM) sewage treatment programme.
According to the original scope, the Eastern A Cluster (LTOM14) package will have a total treatment capacity of 184,440 cubic metres a day (cm/d) at an estimated cost of $180m.
The bid submission deadline is 30 September.
The tender follows recent contract awards for North Western A Cluster Sewage Treatment Plants Package 11 (LTOM11) and the Northern Cluster Sewage Treatment Plants Package 10 (LTOM10).
MEED exclusively reported that a consortium comprising China’s Jiangsu United Water Technology, the UAE’s Prosus Energy and Saudi Arabia’s Armada Holding had been appointed as a contractor for each of these projects.
Package 11 will have a combined capacity of about 440,000 cm/d at an estimated cost of about SR211m ($56.3m).
Package 12 will have a combined treatment capacity of 337,800 cm/d at an estimated cost of about SR203m ($54.1m).
In April, NWC also opened finanical bids for North Western B Cluster (LTOM12) of its sewage treatment programme.
The contract covers the construction and upgrade of seven sewage treatment plants with a combined capacity of about 162,000 cm/d.
MEED previously reported that the following companies had submitted proposals:
- Alkhorayef Water & Power Technologies (Saudi Arabia)
- Civil Works Company (Saudi Arabia)
- Miahona (Saudi Arabia)
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group – BEWG (Hong Kong)
- Al-Yamama (Saudi Arabia)
These bids are currently under evaluaton, with an award expected in the coming weeks, a source said.
The tender for the North Western C Cluster (LTOM13) project had been put on hold, although it is understood that this is now likely to be the next package to be tendered.
Under the original scope, this package covers the construction of 10 sewage treatment plants.
In total, the LTOM programme comprises 19 packages split into two phases. This contract for LTOM10 was the first to be awarded under the second phase of NWC’s rehabilitation of sewage treatment plants programme.
As MEED understands, there have been several discussions in recent months regarding changes in scope details and potential expansions. This involves potentially grouping some upcoming projects.
NWC previously awarded $2.5bn-worth of contracts in the first phase. This comprises nine packages covering the treatment of 4.6 million cm/d of sewage water for the next 15 years. Phase two of the programme includes 10 packages covering 117 treatment plants.
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Construction begins on Aman Dubai Hotel and Residences28 April 2026
Dubai-based developer H&H Development and Switzerland’s Aman Group have broken ground on the Aman Dubai Hotel and Residences project in Dubai’s Jumeirah area.
The project’s enabling works contract has been awarded to local firm Swissboring.
Foundation works are expected to start this quarter.
The developers said ground improvement works have now been completed. Another local firm, DBB Contracting, carried out the works.
The project comprises a hotel, 78 branded residences and villas.
Singapore-headquartered architectural firm Kerry Hill Architects is the project consultant.
Dubai real estate developments continue to dominate the UAE’s construction market, with schemes worth more than $323bn either under execution or in planning.
This aligns with a GlobalData forecast that the UAE construction sector will grow by 3% in real terms in 2026, supported by infrastructure, energy and utilities, and residential projects.
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Regional war deepens Kuwait oil sector’s tender crisis28 April 2026
Commentary
Wil Crisp
Oil & gas reporterContractors in Kuwait expect the regional conflict and disruption to shipping to worsen the country’s existing oil and gas tendering problems, causing long-term disruption in the sector.
In the months prior to the US and Israel attacking Iran on 28 February, contract tenders worth an estimated $9.1bn were cancelled after bids came in above the projects’ allocated budgets.
Contractors largely blamed the cancellations on long delays to tender processes after budgets had been set.
The delays, which often extended for several years, meant inflation drove up the cost of materials and labour, making it almost impossible for contractors to submit bids within the original budgets.
One industry source said: “The reason all of these contracts were cancelled was because the tender processes for large projects had started moving again after stalling for a long time.
“Bids came in and unfortunately they were over budget. It was then expected that tender processes would restart and these projects would ultimately be awarded – but now the war means that Kuwait is facing a whole new wave of project delays and nobody knows when it is going to end.”
War impact
Many industry insiders believe delays caused by the war and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz will once again seriously disrupt projects, just as many stakeholders believed the country was about to see an uptick in project progress.
One source said: “Bid bonds are going to have to be renewed and some bidders might just use that as an opportunity to drop out of the bidding process.
“It’s also possible that work that has already been done, like feasibility studies, will no longer be relevant and will have to be repeated.”
2025 rebound
Last year, Kuwait recorded its highest total annual value for oil, gas and chemicals contract awards since 2017, according to data from regional project tracker MEED Projects.
A total of 19 contract awards with a combined value of $1.9bn were awarded.
This was more than four times the value of contract awards across the same sectors in 2024, when awards were worth just $436m.
It was also above the $1.7bn peak recorded in 2021, but it remained far lower than the values seen in 2014-17, when several large-scale, multibillion-dollar projects were awarded in the country.
The surge in the value of contract awards came after Kuwait’s emir indefinitely dissolved parliament and suspended some of the country’s constitutional articles in May 2024.
Prior to the suspension of parliament, Kuwait suffered from very low levels of project awards for several years amid political gridlock and infighting between the cabinet and parliament.
This meant important decisions about projects could not be made – a major obstacle to the progression of strategic oil projects.
Forward outlook
With several major oil and gas projects under development in late 2025 and early 2026, some expected 2026 to record a far higher volume of oil and gas contract awards than 2025.
Projects expected to be tendered – and potentially awarded – this year included a $3.3bn onshore production facility due to be developed next to the Al-Zour refinery.
This project has already been delayed and put on hold as a result of fallout from the US and Israel’s conflict with Iran.
Had it been awarded, it would have been the biggest single oil and gas contract award in Kuwait in more than 10 years.
Now, as a result of the conflict, many of the large tenders expected to take place this year are likely to be significantly delayed.
One source said: “Right now, everyone in the oil and gas sector is waiting for some sort of sign of improving stability before they make a decision and there’s a lot of uncertainty.
“The state-owned oil companies aren’t communicating with contractors like they normally do and the price of a lot of materials has increased dramatically.”
Even if the standoff between the US and Iran over reopening the Strait of Hormuz is resolved in the near future, it is likely to take months or years before Kuwait’s oil and gas project market regains the momentum it had at the beginning of 2026.
Given the lack of flexibility within Kuwait’s existing tendering system, delays can easily lead to tenders being cancelled, and the conflict’s inflationary impact will make it even harder for contractors to meet budgets set before the latest disruption.
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Partners launch feed-to-EPC contest for Duqm petchems project27 April 2026

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Omani state energy conglomerate OQ Group and Kuwait Petroleum International (KPI), the overseas subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, have initiated a feed-to-EPC competition among contractors to develop a major petrochemicals complex at Duqm.
Under a feed-to-EPC model, the project operator selects contractors to carry out front-end engineering and design (feed). It then awards the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract to the contractor with the most competitive feed proposal, while compensating the other contestants for their work.
OQ8, the 50:50 joint venture of OQ and KPI, is understood to have issued the tender for the Duqm petrochemicals project’s feed-to-EPC competition in mid-March, with a deadline of 6 May for contractors to submit proposals, sources told MEED.
Several local and international contractors based in Oman are believed to be participating in the competition, according to sources.
OQ Group CEO Ashraf Bin Hamad Al-Maamari and KPI’s CEO Shafi Bin Taleb Al-Ajmi signed an agreement on 3 February, during the Kuwait Oil & Gas Show and Conference, to develop a major petrochemicals-producing complex in Oman’s Duqm. The parties did not disclose details at the time.
ALSO READ: Duqm petrochemicals revival provides fillip to Gulf projects market
The agreement represented a significant step forward in Oman and Kuwait’s long-held plans to jointly develop a petrochemicals complex next to the existing Duqm refinery, which will benefit from favourable feedstock access and strong cost competitiveness.
The planned facility will also benefit from in Al-Wusta governorate, along Oman’s Arabian Sea coastline.
OQ8 had struggled to make meaningful progress on the Duqm petrochemicals project since the plan was conceived as early as 2018, for a variety of reasons.
The original plan for the Duqm petrochemicals facility, estimated at $7bn, centred on a mixed-feed steam cracker with a capacity to produce 1.6 million tonnes a year (t/y) of ethylene. The project also included a polypropylene (PP) plant with a capacity of 280,000 t/y and a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plant with a capacity of 480,000 t/y.
The complex was also expected to include an aromatics plant, as well as storage facilities for naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
The project’s prospects were temporarily boosted when Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic) expressed interest in investing by signing a non-binding memorandum of understanding with OQ in December 2021.
Reuters reported in December that Sabic was withdrawing from the project, leaving OQ to look for other partners. The new agreement between OQ and KPI is understood to have followed the Saudi chemical giant’s departure.
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