meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Decarbonising the global energy grid

3 May 2024

As the effort to tackle the climate crisis continues, global demand for renewable energy has been increasing. Unfortunately, the windiest and sunniest parts of the world are not necessarily where the need for energy is highest. This is where transmission plays a big role, linking energy generation to energy use as a product of global interconnection, and diversifying production from renewable sources to create a steadier supply of clean power. 

Transporting energy across vast distances is not easy though. From the regulatory complexities of navigating cross-border infrastructure projects to the high costs of financing and the need for long-term planning and advanced technical capabilities, the challenges involved in successfully deploying long-distance transmission projects are varied. Overcoming these challenges is not a single party affair, but requires close collaboration across government, industry and non-governmental organisations. 

We conducted a study with nearly 600 industry experts from across the world who highlighted the pressing need for co-ordinated global action to rapidly develop grid infrastructure. Integrating renewable energy into existing grids was cited by participants as one of the most significant barriers to achieving net-zero objectives, alongside supply chain vulnerabilities and ability to access the required capital.

Multiple challenges

From a technical standpoint, there are multiple considerations when implementing cross-border interconnections. Regions can operate using different technical parameters, such as different voltages or frequencies. Even within the same country, interregional variations can create bottlenecks. Adopting regional or international grid codes could mitigate these issues.

Further challenges emerge when we take trading into account. This is where regulation can act as an enabler, facilitating the flow of electricity between countries. The European Union’s efforts to co-ordinate the design of its member state’s energy markets enables an increasingly smooth transmission of energy across the continent. Alongside this, existing infrastructure is outdated, requiring significant upfront investment to upgrade. Clarity on regulatory requirements and more transparency around plans for grid buildout, derisk funding for capital-intensive mega projects.

Coordinated action is vital for the transfer of energy across borders and access to renewable sources of energy

Positive benefits

Despite these challenges, the upside must be stressed. Integrating power systems across borders has many positive societal benefits, decreasing costs and hence energy bills through economies of scale, increasing energy security and lowering the environmental impact of operations. On the latter more specifically, larger power systems are able to integrate higher shares of variable renewables. Globally, the sun is always shining and the wind blowing somewhere. 

A common element, therefore, emerges: the need for increased cross-border co‑ordination. Whether it is bilateral, multi-lateral or unified, different models of inter-jurisdictional arrangements are needed for large-scale projects to support global energy interconnections. Our Xlinks project, which is using high-voltage direct current (HVDC) for transmission, is a standout example. 

Such projects represent what is needed more in the world, the combination of infrastructure and renewable power across borders, bringing together the public and private sectors for energy security, supply and affordability in an environmentally friendly way. Transporting clean energy using HDVC cables is a crucial step in powering a net-zero and equitable future, and more of this is needed to aid the transition to lower-carbon and prosperous economies. 

Political, technical and market hurdles can be overcome through collaboration and partnerships. Leveraging the collective expertise and resources of governments, regulators and the private sector can help ensure interconnections are developed quickly enough to support the energy transition. Grid buildout takes time. We have the resources required to meet ambitions, but stopping now is not viable. We must continue planning, building and maintaining large-scale infrastructure projects to meet the rising demand.

Coordinated action is vital for the transfer of energy across borders and access to renewable sources of energy. This was the message from Cop28 and the UAE Consensus: to help progress and secure a cleaner, brighter future for us all, we must break down barriers and come together. 

 

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/11736994/main.gif

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Oman begins procurement for truck road PPP

    2 July 2026

     

    Oman’s Ministry of Transport, Communications & Information Technology (MTCIT) has tendered a contract for the sultanate’s second public-private partnership (PPP) road scheme.

    The project spans 66 kilometres between Al-Buraimi and Al-Dhahirah governorates, starting at the Al-Khatm border crossing in Mahdah and ending at the Al-Fath area in Dhank.

    Under the scheme, the winning bidder will design, build, finance and transfer the project, which is specially designed for heavy vehicles.

    MTCIT issued the tender on 30 June. The deadline to purchase tender documents is 11 August, and the clarification period will run from 11 to 18 August.

    The bid submission deadline is 30 January 2027.

    In August 2023, Oman shortlisted five of the eight prequalified teams to compete for the Salalah-Thumrait truck road (STTR) project, the sultanate’s first PPP road project.

    The project failed to materialise beyond that point.

    In January, MEED reported that Oman is planning to establish a new commercial railway line to transport essential supplies between Salalah and Thumrait – an initiative understood to have preceded the STTR project. The railway is planned to be implemented as a PPP.

    The scheme comprises the construction of a railway line approximately 150-170km long. Two main stations are planned: Salalah Station, near the port and food storage facilities, and Thumrait Station, which will serve as a distribution hub for the surrounding areas.

    Trains are expected to be equipped with refrigerated and dry containers. The scheme aims to reduce transport costs between the two areas by 20%-30%, and Oman plans to pitch the project to major food companies to secure long-term transport contracts.

    The proposed project timeline is:

    • 2025: Conduct economic, technical and environmental feasibility studies
    • 2026: Launch the project for investment on a PPP basis
    • 2027-30: Construction of the railway line
    • 2031: Trial operations
    • 2032: Full commercial operations

    The project is touted as a key initiative under Oman Vision 2040, which aims to transform the sultanate into a global logistics hub.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17525698/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Acwa signs Mauritania gas IPP agreements

    2 July 2026

    Saudi Arabia’s Acwa has announced it has signed the public-private partnership (PPP) and power-purchase agreements for the 230MW N’diago combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant in Nouakchott, Mauritania.

    The agreements cover the development, financing, construction and operation of the project. They were signed in Nouakchott in the presence of senior officials from the Mauritanian government and Acwa chairman Mohammad Abunayyan.

    The project is Mauritania’s first large-scale gas-fired independent power project (IPP). It is also expected to be the country’s first major gas-fired power plant procured through a PPP structure.

    The CCGT plant will provide 230MW of baseload generation capacity. It will use Mauritania’s domestic natural gas resources to supply the national grid.

    Separately, Mauritanian Electricity Company (Somelec) has been advancing procurement for the construction of a 50MW solar power and battery energy storage system IPP project. It issued an expression of interest request in May.  

    Mauritania currently has several wind and solar power projects in the early study stages, according to regional project tracker MEED Projects.

    There are also plans to build a 1,200MW wind power plant near Port Etienne in the Bay Province of Nouadhibou, for which China Energy Engineering was appointed as the main contractor in 2024. 

    Meanwhile, Acwa’s portfolio comprises 111 assets that are operational, under construction or in advanced development. These represent investments of SR468.9bn ($125bn).

    According to the company, it has a power generation capacity of 98GW, including 52.3GW of renewable energy, and manages 9.7 million cubic metres a day of desalinated water globally.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17525605/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Saudi water sector awaits next catalyst

    2 July 2026

    Commentary
    Mark Dowdall
    Power & water editor

    Saudi Arabia’s water sector is entering a critical period as developers and investors wait for the next signal that the kingdom’s project pipeline is moving forward.

    Seven months have passed since preferred bidders were announced for the Arana and Hadda independent sewage treatment plant (ISTP) projects, which together will provide 350,000 cubic metres a day (cm/d) of treatment capacity. The projects had been expected to reach financial close in the second quarter of this year, but have yet to do so.

    In parallel, Saudi Arabia’s Vision Invest was selected as preferred bidder last December for the estimated $2bn Riyadh-Qassim independent water transmission pipeline (IWTP) project. It was reported at the time that the company had submitted a levelised tariff of SR2.627 ($0.70) a cubic metre, almost 20% below the next nearest bid. The project, which will comprise an 859-kilometre pipeline with transmission capacity of 685,000 cm/d, had been tipped to reach financial close this quarter.

    The uncertainty extends beyond projects awaiting financial close. The developer tender bid deadline was recently pushed back again for the $150m Riyadh East ISTP. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia’s Water Transmission Company (WTCO) is understood to be reviewing the delivery model for the Jubail-Buraidah and Ras Mohaisen-Baha-Mecca independent water transmission system (IWTS) projects.

    According to sources familiar with the plans, WTCO is considering establishing a special purpose vehicle that would take equity stakes in both schemes. This could further delay procurement for a project that has already seen multiple deadline extensions. Sharakat’s next wave of independent water projects (IWPs) is also in the pipeline. The first of these is not expected to be tendered until early 2027.

    According to regional project tracker MEED Projects, Saudi Arabia’s water infrastructure sector recorded $3.14bn-worth of awards in the first half of this year, substantially lower than the $7.58bn recorded during the same period in 2025.

    While activity has slowed, the longer-term outlook remains unchanged. Population growth and industrial expansion continue to drive demand for desalination, wastewater treatment and water transmission infrastructure. In the meantime, key stakeholders are looking for the next clear signal that the project pipeline is regaining momentum.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17510220/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Contractor wins Jeddah road expansion deal in Riyadh

    2 July 2026

     

    The Royal Commission for Riyadh City (RCRC) has awarded a contract for the Jeddah Road Development Project in Riyadh.

    Local construction firm Saudi Pan Kingdom (Sapac) won the contract.

    Spanning 29 kilometres, the scheme includes 14 bridges and five lanes.

    Designed to handle up to 353,000 vehicles a day, the road is expected to be completed by 2028, with mobilisation works already under way.

    The project forms part of the third package of the RCRC’s Riyadh Main and Ring Road Axes Development Programme, which was announced in January.

    The other schemes include:

    > Taif Road Development Project: The project stretches 15km and includes four bridges, each with four lanes. It also features two tunnels. It will have a capacity of up to 200,000 vehicles a day and will enhance connectivity between Riyadh’s southern and western districts and the city centre.

    > Thumamah Road Development Project: The eastern section of the project will span 8km and include three bridges and three tunnels, linking the northern and eastern parts of Riyadh. The project will have a daily capacity of up to 200,000 vehicles.

    > King Abdulaziz Road Development Project: The northern section of the project stretches 4.7km and will include four bridges, four lanes and one tunnel, with a capacity of up to 450,000 vehicles per day.

    > Othman Bin Affan Road Development Project: The northern section will span 4.3km and include seven bridges and other related upgrades to enhance traffic flow across northern Riyadh. The project will have a daily capacity of up to 500,000 vehicles.

    > Second phase of engineering enhancements for congested areas: This project targets eight locations across the city’s road network, where advanced engineering solutions will be applied to reduce congestion and improve intersection performance, increasing traffic capacity by 40% to 60%.

    The contract for the Jeddah Road Development Project is the latest of several high-profile deals awarded by the RCRC recently. In May, it awarded an estimated SR5bn ($1.3bn) contract to construct the Sheikh Jaber Al-Sabah Road project in Riyadh.

    That contract went to a joint venture of Riyadh-based Al-Rashid Trading & Contracting Company (RTCC) and Turkiye’s IC Ictas.

    Stretching 12km, the project runs from Khurais Road to Al-Thumama Road and is a key component of the Second Eastern Ring Road scheme.

    Works include five interchanges: Prince Bandar, King Abdullah, Imam Abdullah, Dammam Road and Al-Thumama.

    In 2021, Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud said the population of Riyadh would double to 15-20 million people by 2030. 

    He directed government entities to work closely with the RCRC to prepare the city’s development strategy.

    The RCRC’s major projects include Riyadh Metro, Riyadh Art, Sports Boulevard, King Salman International Park, Green Riyadh and several road development projects in the capital.

    READ THE JULY 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Stress test for Gulf aviation; Mixed performance as country outlooks diverge in the Levant; GCC tourism sector pivots from crisis to recovery mode.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17523376/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Dubai announces First Al-Khail road development project

    2 July 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Dubai’s Executive Council has announced the First Al-Khail Street Development project, which will run parallel to Sheikh Zayed Road.

    The scheme comprises a 15-kilometre elevated carriageway with three lanes in each direction.

    According to a Dubai Media Office statement, “The project will provide access to areas including Al-Barsha, Al-Quoz, Business Bay and Meydan.”

    “It is expected to serve more than 2.6 million people and reduce travel time on Sheikh Zayed Road by 51% during peak hours,” the statement added.

    Designed to accommodate more than 9,000 vehicles an hour, construction is expected to begin in the third quarter of 2027, with completion targeted for 2030.

    The development forms part of a wider AED18bn ($5bn) programme covering initiatives related to culture, trade, infrastructure, Emiratisation, finance, investment, urban planning and the city’s population census.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/17523587/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal