Global investment firm KKR appointed retired US Army general and former Central Intelligence Agency director David Petraeus as chairman of its Middle East operations in mid-April.

The move is indicative of the region’s importance as a destination for the firm’s future investments, and capitalises on the strength of the relationships Petraeus has forged with Gulf country leaders during his years as a top US military strategist.

KKR’s most recent commitment in the region entails acquiring a stake in UAE-based Gulf Data Hub (GDH), which operates seven data centres in the UAE and Saudi Arabia. The UAE firm plans to build additional data centre facilities in Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman, and KKR has committed to support its $5bn expansion plan.

“[Petraeus' appointment] is a good move on their part. It reinforces the region’s growing status and importance as a data centre investment destination, due to a significant interest in artificial intelligence (AI) deployments,” says a senior executive with an international data centre operator.

KKR’s prior investments in the region include a partnership with Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) in 2019 to create Adnoc Oil Pipelines, and acquiring a portfolio of commercial aircraft from Abu Dhabi’s Etihad Airways in 2020.

The private equity firm’s investment in GDH, however, shows only part of the picture as far as the rapidly evolving data centre investment landscape is concerned.

In March, Abu Dhabi-based critical infrastructure-focused sovereign investor ADQ and US-headquartered power developer Energy Capital Partners agreed to establish a 50:50 partnership to build new power generation and energy infrastructure that will serve the long-term needs of data centres and industrial clusters in the US and selected other international markets.

The two firms plan to make total capital investments of more than $25bn across 25GW-worth of projects. The combined initial capital contribution from the partners is expected to amount to $5bn.

That announcement came a day after UAE National Security Adviser and Deputy Ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, met with US President Donald Trump at the White House. During the meeting, the UAE is understood to have committed to a 10-year, $1.4tn investment framework for the US.

Tech funds

In the past 24 months, Abu Dhabi and Riyadh in particular have set up funds, sometimes in partnership with global firms, to invest in AI and data centre infrastructure, both domestically and abroad.

Abu Dhabi’s MGX aims to build $100bn in assets under management within a few years, along with US-headquartered and Blackrock-backed Global Infrastructure Partners and Microsoft, the fund's key partners. It is part of the US’ Stargate consortium, which aims to mobilise up to $500bn to build AI infrastructure in the US over the next four years.

In Riyadh, a $100bn AI initiative known as Project Transcendence is expected to invest in data centres, technology startups and other related infrastructure for the development of AI.

US-based Silver Lake announced in March 2025 that, together with MGX, it has become a minority shareholder in state-backed, Abu Dhabi-based Khazna Data Centres, one of the region’s largest data centre operators.

In 2023, Saudi sovereign wealth vehicle the Public Investment Fund (PIF) partnered with US-based DigitalBridge to develop data centres in Saudi Arabia and across the GCC states.

In early 2025, Saudi Arabia-based DataVolt – which is owned by Vision Invest, a major shareholder in Saudi utility developer Acwa Power and a public-private partnership advocate – signed a preliminary agreement to build a data centre in Neom, Saudi Arabia. The $5bn facility, with an initial phase of 300MW, is the first of many such schemes that DataVolt is planning.

Not to be outdone, the founder of Dubai-based private real estate developer Damac pledged to invest $20bn in data centre projects in several US cities earlier this year.

And there is more to the growing – if outsized – number of bidirectional data centre-focused investment flows than meets the eye.

Given the global AI race and mounting competition, investment decisions regarding data centres are moving from a simple, commercial focus to account for complex geopolitical considerations, according to Jessica Obeid, a partner at Dubai-headquartered New Energy Consult.

“As the US weaponises its technological advancements, decisions to invest in US-based data centres hedge against the risks of US export controls, positioning developers in proximity to suppliers, ensuring reliable access to components.

“Yet, this access could become costlier, driven by trade tariff wars, heightened regulations and limited access to grid infrastructure,” Obeid says.

She adds that the GCC is quickly positioning itself as a global digital hub, driven by cost-competitive energy, advanced infrastructure and strong government backing.

“Proximity to reliable power supply at an affordable cost, and speed in licensing processes and grid connections, are increasingly becoming strategic factors in data centre deployment – and the GCC offers that.”

Powering AI strategies

Almost all of the GCC states have formulated AI strategies that aim to improve operational efficiencies, create jobs and support their energy transition and net-zero initiatives.

As a result, analysts expect the region to register double-digit annual growth in data centre construction activities in the next few years.

In a recent update, global consultancy PwC projected that the Middle East data centre capacity could triple from 1GW in 2025 to 3.3GW in five years’ time.

According to data from regional projects tracker MEED Projects, as of April, an estimated $12bn-worth of data centre construction projects are in the planning stage, in addition to over $820m under bid and $7bn under construction.

Li-Chen Sim, associate fellow, at US Middle East Institute,  says that AI investments are, on the one hand, “all part of a carefully conceived strategy to … diversify out of a hydrocarbons-driven economy, to create new revenue streams from overseas data centres, build new growth sectors, support business requirements and offer more knowledge-based jobs as opposed to traditional manufacturing from domestic investments”.

On the other hand, AI investments also aim to future-proof the hydrocarbons sector, which Sim expects will continue to be a significant driver of growth, revenue and exports, even as the use of renewable power grows.

However, the ability of Gulf states to execute their plans for leveraging AI to diversify economies and create jobs –and specifically to address youth unemployment – depends on two factors, according to Obeid.

The first factor is the ability of countries to advance their AI goals from infrastructure to capital and partnerships. The second involves the speed with which they can build up adequate human capital and a skilled workforce.

“We will have to see how governments align their educational curricula with the AI policies and electricity infrastructure development,” she says.

Ecosystem investment

AI and data centre investments go beyond the facilities that house thousands of advanced graphics processing units, miles of cables and many cooling systems. To run and execute applications – particularly AI inferencing tasks – data centre facilities require a substantial amount of energy. 

Moreover, data centres in the Middle East and North Africa region face elevated environmental risks due to the high ambient temperatures, which increase energy demand for cooling, as well as water requirements.

This presents both a challenge and an opportunity, according to Obeid. "The GCC has an opportunity to advance innovation in energy and cooling technologies. Liquid cooling is necessary for AI workloads, and small modular reactors will become central in these data centres.” 

In January, Abu Dhabi’s Emirates Water & Electricity Company (Ewec) appeared to show the way with a plan to build a round-the-clock solar photovoltaic (PV) plant combined with a battery energy storage system (bess) facility.

The 5.2GW solar PV and 19 gigawatt-hour bess plant is expected to deliver renewable power as baseload, and UAE President Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Bin Sultan Al-Nahyan has said that the project will help power advancements in AI and emerging technologies, and support the delivery of the UAE National AI Strategy 2031 and 2050 Net Zero initiative.

Sim agrees that renewables combined with battery storage is part of the answer when it comes to building sustainable data centres. “Globally, data centres consume about 1% of electricity, and this figure – together with carbon emissions by data centres – is expected to grow significantly.”

He notes that Goldman Sachs Research forecasts that global power demand from data centres will increase 50% by 2027, and 165% by the end of the decade, compared to 2023.

“The other part of the puzzle with regard to sustainability is water consumption by data centres, particularly those in the Gulf, where high temperatures necessitate even more cooling measures.

“Singapore, for instance, has pioneered integrated water systems that recycle treated wastewater for reuse – and this circular water model could be an option for data centres in the Gulf, instead of using expensive desalinated water,” says Sim.

As things stand, the GCC can play a key role in the advancement of these and other technologies, along with efficiency measures and the optimisation of server utilisation through AI applications such as digital twins, says Obeid.

This is just as well, since the region appears to be on the cusp of a boom in inbound and outbound investments that will build data centre capacity abroad and closer to home.

“We are at a pivotal moment for innovation, where the intersection of digital advancements and energy innovation could position the GCC as a global leader, shaping the future of sustainable digital infrastructure,” concludes Obeid.