meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Acwa Power taps artificial intelligence

14 October 2024

Riyadh-headquartered utility and green hydrogen developer and investor Acwa Power has topped MEED’s annual power and water developer ranking over the past few years.

The company’s portfolio, which it values at approximately $94bn, includes 49 thermal and renewable energy power plants and about a dozen water desalination plants.

These assets can generate 65GW of power and 8 million cubic metres a day of desalinated water.

Acwa Power continues to bid and win new contracts at home and abroad under Marco Arcelli, who was appointed as the firm’s chief executive shortly after Paddy Padmanathan, the firm’s CEO for 18 years, stepped down in March last year.

The company has tapped artificial intelligence (AI) and the stacks of technologies behind it to enable its future strategy, notes Thomas Altmann, the company’s executive vice-president for innovation and new technology.

“At Acwa Power, we are not talking about AI, we are doing it,” says Altmann, who cites that the company has developed an in-house algorithm to enable an augmented AI or human-in-the-loop (HITL) AI application.

Through this application, a plant operator may receive data or advice from an AI-enabled module that can trigger a response after the data is validated through the operator’s experience.

“We are focusing on human-in-the-loop, under the umbrella of collective intelligence … this in-house artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm has so far contributed to about 12% cost reduction of chemical dosing in one of our water desalination plants, which encourages us to industrialise this technology and implement it in selected plants,” explains Altmann.

“I think generally that AI is not stoppable; we’re not using it as a buzzword; we are focusing very much on use cases that make sense and create bottom-line impact.”

Analytics and machine learning

Acwa Power has been at the forefront of innovations not just in operating its plants but in winning tenders by proposing the use of new technologies.

“Over the past decade, we managed to reduce power consumption in our desalination plants by over 80%,” notes Altmann.

“I recall in 2005 when Acwa Power submitted the first bid, most of the desalination plants that were built during that period were based on thermal water desalination technologies such as MSF.”

However, things changed when Saudi Arabia tendered the Shuqaiq 2 independent water and power project (IWPP), which, for the first time, did not prescribe a specific technology for the project’s desalination unit. 

There are a lot of things that typically are not discussed, like having to write new procedures to distinguish tasks that can be done by robots, algorithms and humans

“This allowed Acwa Power to innovate and deploy for the first time a membrane-based desalination technology at scale in Saudi Arabia. We were the only consortium that offered to build a 100% reverse osmosis plant in combination with a power plant (IWPP). Our bid was successful by offering 17% to 19% lower tariff due to significantly lower energy consumption compared to an MSF plant,” Altmann said.

Several years later, with the Rabigh 3 independent water project, the offtaker specified a drastically reduced energy consumption. Altmann said they “had to press the reset button, turn every stone and create a paradigm shift in RO design to meet these requirements”.

At this point, Acwa Power has used the so-called Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) methodology for renewable energy to predict future power generation in solar plants.

Altmann subsequently introduced a similar Typical Seawater Year (TSY) methodology, which used the previous five years’ worth of seawater data, used big data analytics to understand seawater resources, and designed their plant according to this result.

“This contributed significantly to our successful bid because we used real data rather than assumed data based on the request for proposals and implemented several design improvements, which resulted in the lowest ever specific energy consumption for RO in the region,” the executive noted.

Altmann says Acwa Power also introduced the so-called pressure centre in an RO plant in Saudi Arabia, where a high-pressure pump in a desalination plant is not necessarily linked to one reverse osmosis (RO) train. Instead, a pipe connects the pump and the racks, and each pipe can fit any rack. This allows fewer and larger pumps to be used and improves efficiency.

“Rabigh 3 was a breakthrough, and we continued to further optimise the process, and the results were applied, for example, in Taweelah in Abu Dhabi and Jubail 3A in Saudi Arabia. 

“We added a solar component to the Taweelah IWP as an innovation and we continued to fine-tune and optimise as we move forward.”

Altmann also says they were the first to introduce machine learning to reduce chemical costs and predict the optimal time for membrane cleaning in RO desalination plants in the region.

The goal is to continue innovating into the future, says Altmann, citing their research and development (R&D) centres in leading universities across the GCC, in particular at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia, where they operate centres of excellence focusing on water, solar, hydrogen and AI.

AI and the future of utility jobs

While a fully autonomous water desalination plant may still be a few years away depending on how fast AI technologies develop, Altmann acknowledges that future plants will have fewer people on the floor.

This does not necessarily mean large-scale staff displacement since “we keep winning new plants, and we can reassign and retrain or reskill our staff.”

“As some jobs disappear, new jobs will be created,” adds Altmann. “There are many opportunities to utilise experienced people.”

The executive, however, cautions that AI deployment in a company is not just a matter of installing software codes.

It requires a change in culture and processes, particularly in HR, where one has to move away from thinking of employees’ positions or jobs but rather their tasks.

“One needs to distinguish which tasks require a lot of data, and involve routines, and which can be done by an algorithm, versus tasks involving creativity, human interaction or validation against ethical standards or privacy compliance and so on.”

“There are a lot of things that typically are not discussed, like having to write new procedures to distinguish tasks that robots, algorithms and humans can do,” he continues.

The executive also cites the paramount importance of the quality of data and the AI readiness of the Internet of Things (IoT) system to enable AI applications.

“The most important thing, besides ethics and privacy, from a technical perspective, is data. If you want a high-quality prediction or an advisory module, you need to put most of your effort into the data first.

“Utilising an algorithm … that’s the easy part, the difficult one is to get clean data, eliminate bias, noise and spurious correlations and consider differential shifts in the training of data since AI works differently to a human brain. AI doesn’t have an intuition or awareness to sense biases and is susceptible to providing wrong predictions,” explains Altmann.

Renewable-powered desalination plants

Altmann argues that if green hydrogen can be produced using 100% renewable energy, the same can be applied to water production.

Acwa Power built a 20MW solar PV to complement the grid-sourced electricity supply for the Taweelah IWP in Abu Dhabi because, according to Altmann, the RFP did not disallow it.

They are looking at doing more of these projects where it makes sense from a sustainability and efficiency point of view.

“The (Taweelah) RFP did not disallow the installation of a solar PV, and there was an available space, so we went ahead to build an on-site solar PV farm, which allowed us to reduce more expensive energy import from the grid.”

Altmann asserts that desalinated water can have a zero-carbon footprint by building captive water desalination plants or sourcing clean energy from the grid.

However, moving to a 100% renewable source will increase the complexity of building desalination plants.

“There’s a difference from a technical perspective if you take power from the grid, which has certain stability and inertia and is often linked to power plants.

“You will need to redesign the desalination plants differently, with a different operation strategy and different motors, and to deploy long-duration energy storage due to intermittency of renewable energy,” he concludes.

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/12681934/main.gif
Jennifer Aguinaldo

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Egypt seeks consultant for major inland waterway study

    18 November 2025

    Egypt’s Transport Ministry has issued an expressions of interest (EOI) request, through the River Transport Authority, to appoint a consultancy firm for a study on a proposed inland waterway linking Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean.

    The consultant will carry out basin-wide data collection and prepare a strategic environmental and social assessment for the project.

    The assignment includes hydrological, topographic, bathymetric and geotechnical surveys across the Nile Basin.

    The consultancy is expected to run for about 15 months, starting in February or March 2026.

    Firms must submit EOIs by 6 December.

    The study forms part of the Vic-Med project, a multi-country plan to establish a continuous inland waterway from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean Sea.

    The masterplan project aims to reduce transport costs for landlocked countries and provide a lower-carbon alternative to road freight along the Nile corridor

    The work is part of phase two, part one of the feasibility study, funded through a $2m grant from the New Partnership for Africa's Development – Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility (NEPAD–IPPF), the African Development Bank’s (AfDB) fund for early-stage project development.

    The first phase, completed in July 2019 with $650,000 in AfDB funding, developed the project’s legal and institutional framework and launched two regional inland water transport programmes.

    The second phase, valued at $11.7m, covers updated feasibility studies and expanded technical assessments supporting detailed engineering design and cost-benefit analysis in the next stage. 

    This phase also covers the establishment of a regional operating unit for the project in Cairo.

    READ THE NOVEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Mena players up the ante in global LNG production race; Investment takes UAE non-oil economy from strength to strength; Project finance activity draws international lenders back to market

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the November 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15108707/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Kuwait to make decision on four oil pipeline packages

    18 November 2025

     

    Kuwait is evaluating bids on four packages for a major pipeline project after prices were submitted earlier this month, according to industry sources.

    The four separate packages cover pipeline work in the north, south, east and west regions of the country, sources said.

    Although the total of all bids submitted by Kuwait-based Alghanim International General Trading & Contracting is the lowest at KD419m ($1.4bn), the company submitted the lowest individual bid on only one package, located in northern Kuwait.

    Its bid for the north Kuwait package was KD149.8m ($488.3m).

    Mechanical Engineering & Construction Company submitted the lowest bids for pipeline work on two packages located in the south and east of the country. 

    Both of these bids were valued at KD97,868,394 ($319m).

    Al-Dar Engineering & Construction Company is the low bidder on the fourth package, for pipe work in western Kuwait, submitting a bid of KD64,825,398 ($211.3m).

    Together, all four contracts are expected to be worth about $1.4bn when awarded.

    The scope of all four packages focuses on developing new flowlines and connecting pipelines for oil-producing wells and water wells.

    In some cases, companies are also required to replace old flowlines.

    The contracts are based on work orders, so when KOC needs to connect wells it will issue a request for work execution, industry sources said. 

    Kuwait is trying to boost project activity in its upstream sector.

    The country’s national oil company, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, is aiming to increase oil production capacity to 4 million barrels a day (b/d) by 2035.

    In August, Kuwait announced that it was producing 3.2 million b/d.

    Earlier this month, KOC said it was planning to spend KD1.2bn ($3.92bn) on its exploration drilling programme through 2030.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15106496/main.png
    Wil Crisp
  • Indian firm wins Oman chemicals project EPC contract

    17 November 2025

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Indian contractor Nuberg EPC has won a contract to perform engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) works on a project to build chlor alkali and calcium chloride plants in Oman for privately-owned Al-Ghaith Chemical Industries.

    The project involves expanding Al-Ghaith’s existing chlor alkali plant in Sur Industrial City, by adding 120 tonnes a day (t/d) of capacity, taking the unit’s total output capacity to 190 t/d. The project also involves building a calcium chloride plant that will have a production capacity of 80 t/d.

    Nuberg EPC said the contract is being executed on a lump sum turnkey basis, with its scope covering design, front-end engineering and design (feed), detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, commissioning and handover.

    Project execution is already under way, with completion targeted within 19 months, Nuberg EPC said.

    The project marks the second phase of Al-Ghaith’s integrated chemicals complex in Sur and represents a first-of-its-kind large-scale chlor alkali expansion in Oman.

    Nuberg EPC also performed EPC works on the original chlor alkali plant, which has a capacity of 70 t/d.

    In addition to the Oman project, Al-Ghaith has, in the previous decade, also brought on board Nuberg EPC for its chlor alkali and calcium chloride plants in Abu Dhabi. Those contracts covered the commissioning of a 60 t/d chlor alkali plant that was later expanded to 120 t/d, and the execution of a 125 t/d calcium chloride plant and a 50 t/d carbon dioxide plant.

    Nuberg EPC has also executed the expansion of a 45 t/d chlor alkali plant and a greenfield 80 t/d calcium chloride plant for Oman Chlorine in Sohar, increasing the total chlor alkali output capacity to 75 t/d.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15104096/main5048.jpg
    Indrajit Sen
  • Egypt starts production from strategic gas field

    17 November 2025

    Egypt has started gas production from the West Burullus field in the Mediterranean Sea, after connecting the first wells to the national gas grid, according to a statement from the country’s Petroleum & Mineral Resources Ministry.

    Productivity testing showed an output rate approaching 45 million cubic feet a day (cf/d).

    Kareem Badawi, Egypt’s Petroleum & Mineral Resources Minister, said he intends to accelerate development of the field and confirmed that work is under way to connect two additional wells, with the aim of increasing production to 75 million cf/d in the coming months.

    He added that the ministry aims to cut the county’s gas import bill by boosting domestic production.

    The operator of the concession is Cheiron, an Egyptian independent exploration and production company.

    Egypt’s oil ministry said in its statement that the West Burullus field development project represents a model for future integrated projects and investment plans.

    It said that a range of domestic and foreign companies are involved in bringing the field into production.

    In February, a banking consortium led by Banque du Caire, alongside Arab International Bank, Al-Baraka Bank Egypt and Saib Bank, arranged $75m in syndicated medium-term financing for Cheiron Egypt Delta, a subsidiary of the Cheiron Group.

    This financing will help cover part of the investment costs for the gas field development project.

    At the time, Cheiron said that the financing will provide up to 45.5% of the total $165m investment required for the project.

    READ THE NOVEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Mena players up the ante in global LNG production race; Investment takes UAE non-oil economy from strength to strength; Project finance activity draws international lenders back to market

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the November 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15102295/main3406.jpg
    Wil Crisp
  • Major Iraq refinery project stalls

    17 November 2025

     

    Construction has yet to start on Iraq’s Al-Faw Investment Refinery project due to a range of problems, according to industry sources.

    In May last year, a statement released by the Iraqi Prime Minister’s Office said that Iraq’s state-owned Southern Refineries Company and China National Chemical Engineering Company (CNCEC) had signed a contract to develop the project.

    Iraq’s Oil Ministry previously said the project would be worth $7bn-$8bn.

    One source said: “This project is failing to make progress despite the efforts of senior political figures in the country.”

    A meeting was chaired by Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani in August this year to discuss and try to resolve the problems that are stopping the commencement of construction, according to industry sources.

    It is believed that financing remains a key obstacle for the project.

    The Al-Faw project is part of the Iraqi government’s plan to increase Iraq’s refining capacities, attract foreign investment and increase the production of petroleum products domestically.

    The refinery will have a capacity of 300,000 barrels a day and will produce oil derivatives for both domestic and international markets.

    The project will be carried out in two stages.

    The first phase will involve refining operations, while the second will involve constructing a petrochemicals complex with a capacity of 3 million tonnes a year.

    The project also includes the construction of a 2,000MW power plant and the establishment of the Al-Faw Academy for Refinery Technology, to train 5,000 Iraqi workers that will eventually work at the facility.

    Hualu, a subsidiary of CNCEC, signed a preliminary principles agreement for the project in December 2021.

    At the time, Iraq’s Oil Ministry said that the project would have a value of $7bn-$8bn.

    Due to material price inflation since December 2021, some insiders believe that the project value may now be significantly higher.

    READ THE NOVEMBER 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Mena players up the ante in global LNG production race; Investment takes UAE non-oil economy from strength to strength; Project finance activity draws international lenders back to market

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the November 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/15102287/main.jpg
    Wil Crisp