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A case study in procurement

18 March 2025

 

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While it may not be in the headlines as much as some of its more eye-catching official gigaproject counterparts, Roshn has already delivered thousands of residential units in Saudi Arabia as it seeks to fill the upscale and community living housing map.

Launched in 2020, the Roshn gigaproject is a component of the Vision 2030 plan to achieve 70% home ownership among Saudi nationals by 2030. Alongside the National Housing Company, it is the delivery vehicle for government-backed housing construction as Riyadh seeks to meet the shortfall in available stock.

Its first project was its Sedra community in the north of the capital. Currently on its fourth of eight delivery phases, the multibillion-dollar masterplanned development will comprise 30,000 homes over 20 million square metres (sq m) when completed.

Roshn’s second Riyadh community under construction is Warefa in the northeast of the capital. More compact than Sedra, it will have 2,300 units over an area of 1.4 square kilometres, with 150,000 sq m of green open space.

Three years after the launch of its first projects, Roshn announced Marafy, its first scheme in Jeddah and its largest mixed-use development to date. Designed to accommodate more than 130,000 residents, Marafy will be built around an 11-kilometre, 100-metre-wide canal, linking with Obhur Creek in the northern outskirts of the kingdom’s second city.

Already breaking ground, Marafy’s first core component is the Alarous residential community, which will offer 18,000 units over a 4 million sq m land area.

Elsewhere in the kingdom, Roshn’s other planned community projects include Almanar in Mecca, Alfulwa in Hofuf and Aldanah in Dhahran. Between them, these schemes total more than 50,000 units. It is expected that thousands of additional homes in other parts of the kingdom will be announced by the developer in the next two years.

Delivering such projects at many different locations is a complex exercise, requiring procurement strategies that not only encompass on-time and on-budget completion, but also ensure that local content is maximised while at the same time maintaining stringent quality standards.

Tasked with handling Roshn’s overall procurement strategy is Iain McBride, the gigaproject developer’s head of commercial.

It is expected that thousands of additional homes in other parts of the kingdom will be announced by the developer in the next two years

Like other gigaprojects in the kingdom, McBride and his procurement team have had to deal with the twin challenges of soaring cost inflation and maximising local content in materials and equipment.

The five official gigaprojects – Diriyah, Neom, the Red Sea Project, Qiddiya and Roshn – are free to employ their own procurement rules and processes, and each has taken a different approach to address its specific requirements. For example, Red Sea Global uses a construction management approach wherein it contracts directly with companies and suppliers that would normally work as subcontractors under the main contractors.

Similarly, Diriyah Company employs a strategy of bundling several smaller contract packages into a single large contract, as a means of consolidating work to ensure lower costs and maintain contractor interest.

Hear directly from the gigaproject owners at the biggest construction event – The Saudi Gigaprojects 2025 Summit, happening in Riyadh from 12-14 May 2025. Click here to know more

Demand signalling

The nature of Roshn’s mainly residential projects means that from the outset it knew it would need thousands of items with similar specifications, such as doors; glass panes; sanitaryware; and heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems.

To secure this supply chain, early on the company identified local manufacturers of these products and reached long-term agreements with them for the delivery of required materials.

“Our first step was signing a lot of long-term partnership agreements through master purchase agreements where we could leverage preferential rates,” says McBride, speaking to MEED in late January.

“Ultimately, it's all about balance and risk – derisking the opportunities for the supply chain by telling them how many doors, for example, we're going to need each quarter for the next five to 10 years. It gives confidence to the manufacturers that they can start committing to.”

Roshn was the first of the gigaprojects to publicly signal its demand requirements. In 2021, it announced that it would require at least 5 million doors, 3.5 million air-conditioning units, 4.3 million windows, 80 million sq m of tiles and 6.5 million pieces of sanitaryware. These numbers have since changed, but they are indicative of the scale of the supply chain challenge.

Armed with the knowledge that Roshn is both supported by its parent, sovereign wealth vehicle the Public Investment Fund (PIF), and that it is a central element of Saudi Vision 2030, local manufacturers had the confidence to commit to investing in production capacity to meet its needs.

Significantly, most of these deals have been with manufacturers within the kingdom, thereby maximising the local content aspects. Just as importantly, Roshn has not had to make any fixed orders – so-called ‘take-or-pay agreements’ – with  suppliers, such is the latter’s faith in the developer.

“For the time being, we’ve not had to make any firm commitments,” says McBride. “We did look at it at one point, but our approach has always been to keep it as simple as possible by listening to the supply chain and seeing what they need. When we were speaking to them, it wasn’t their number one driver; they weren’t screaming at us saying, ‘We need you to give us a firm order’.

“Now, many people think a take-or-pay agreement is essential – where you commit to ordering [a certain quantity] of materials over a period of months or years and, if you don’t, you have to pay a penalty, thereby adding risk and complexity for the developer.

“What we were able to agree instead was that we'll be open and transparent with [the suppliers about] what we need. We said to ourselves, ‘Let's get a good price that works, whether we buy directly from the supplier or whether we include that supplier within our tenders with major contractors’. And we’ve seen great success with that approach, with multiple companies.”

The localisation push is supported by the design process. Wherever possible, the designs for Roshn’s projects incorporate and specify equipment and materials that are known to be manufactured locally.

There have been instances where specific, specialised materials and products are not produced in the kingdom, or not in the quantities required, such as marble and certain architectural facades.

Where this is the case, Roshn is keen to explore how it can help to build in-kingdom capacity. The developer has initiatives through which it looks to co-invest in production facilities that come with high capital requirements.

As McBride explains, Roshn is only one part of the huge and rapidly accelerating Saudi projects market ecosystem, and in helping to increase capacity, it is also putting itself in a position to help other developers with their supply chain needs.

A case in point is Roshn’s contract with China Harbour Engineering Company, which was awarded the $2bn deal in 2023 to build villas at Sedra and Warefa.  

Part of the contract requires the Chinese contractor to set up a precast manufacturing facility on site at Sedra. In this way, Roshn could not only ringfence the plant for its own needs, but when it no longer requires the output, other projects could benefit from its production capacity.

“The factory has a 15-year lifespan, so any additional capacity will be there for another 10 years after our requirements are met,” says McBride. “In Riyadh, we have Expo 2030, the new airport, the stadiums and many other projects that could draw on its output.”

There are some situations where even this is not enough, particularly when it comes to contracting expertise. One such case is Roshn’s mandate to develop a 45,000-seat stadium in the southwest of Riyadh as part of the kingdom’s Fifa World Cup 2034 plans. On such a complex, highly engineered project, Roshn has insisted that an international contractor teams up with a local company as a condition of tender participation.

This insistence is based on Roshn’s experience overseeing the construction of a football stadium in Dammam alongside co-developer, Saudi Aramco. The project, which is being built by a joint venture of Belgium’s Besix and the local Albawani, is proceeding at a rapid pace and progress has been relatively trouble-free.

McBride says: “If we have to go abroad, let’s go abroad. But make sure it’s done in a smart way and that we’re not just throwing money out of the kingdom.”

Early contractor involvement

On the issue of contracting, it is well known that the massive amount of work in Saudi Arabia is stretching contractors to the limit, pushing up prices and straining labour, engineering and equipment resources.

Roshn’s approach to this challenge has been to engage with contractors at the earliest possible stage of project planning, specifically at the design phase, through an early contractor involvement (ECI) procurement framework. In this way, the company is able to obtain contractor feedback during concept and design and subsequently lower construction risk by improving a project’s constructability.

“It's about signposting the demand by getting the contractor in early, where you can really influence the design, the buildability and the value-engineering opportunities,” says McBride. “Ideally, we bring them in as quickly as possible during the concept stages, when there's very little cost to changing things.

“The worst thing for a contractor is receiving a [request for proposal] cold. They have to … come back in four weeks and then be squeezed for a best price, whereas with ECI they can add value. They really appreciate that.”

When asked to quantify the cost benefits of such an approach, McBride is forthright: “It’s not even a case of doing the maths,” he says. “We have a great example of where it’s worked on our Aldanah project in Dammam. We selected the contract very early on and locked in the floor plans and facades that we wanted. We were then able to deliver a street of 10 show homes [that took] not much more than four months to design and construct.

“The saving, in terms of time, was massive; we probably halved the duration. I probably wouldn’t be exaggerating if I said it saved about a year.

“There are two ways you can follow your engineer,” he continues. “One: you can follow them early and make sure that the way you're looking to save costs is in areas that are not impacting the customer.

“Or two: the worst thing you can do is get to the end and you have a full structural design that could be over-engineered and you’re spending money in the wrong places.

“We don’t want to get to a point where we're trying to value-engineer by cutting things out that are important to customers,” McBride explains. “And that's what you avoid by having this early contractor involvement.”

The company is able to obtain contractor feedback during concept and design and subsequently lower construction risk by improving a project’s constructability

Unlike the other gigaprojects, Roshn has been in the favourable position of being able to raise some revenue by marketing and selling its properties off plan. While this has been beneficial from a development perspective, it has also meant that the developer must get its pricing and housing specifications right if it is to develop homes within an already-defined budget.

Having a contracting partner on board during the design and specification stage facilitates the conversation between the property sales team, which is informing on market requirements, and the builder, who can deliver within the designed cost and quality parameters.

This is in contrast to many real estate developments for which sales are completed before the construction estimates come in, potentially undermining the business case.

The step beyond ECI is for contractors and suppliers to partner with Roshn to inject equity into the projects by acting as co-developers. McBride points to several planned mid-rise towers at Marafy that could be a starting point for this.

Contractors financing projects or bringing in replacement equity has long been an ambition in the region, but builders have been reluctant to adopt this approach. Nonetheless, McBride is confident that it could happen, indicating that there has already been strong interest from the contracting community.

Cost inflation

Another major talking point in Saudi construction is the escalating costs caused by high inflation, logistical challenges and a tightening of contracting and skilled labour capacity.

In many cases, this has required the rescoping of projects, revisions to timelines and even the scrapping of elements. Neom is arguably the best example of this, as it has reprioritised The Line and is facing an estimated cost of $50bn for building each of its first three modules – far in excess of original estimates.

Roshn’s approach to the challenge is to be as open and transparent as possible with the contractor and supplier community. This has involved outlining a long-term pipeline of work that gives the supply chain confidence about its requirements, enabling them to fix in long-term pricing structures. In return, the developer expects prices to come in competitively.

“It’s no secret within the supply chain market that Roshn has quite aggressive price points,” says McBride, a former chartered surveyor who, prior to joining Roshn, worked as a quantity surveyor and cost-management director at consultants Faithful+Gould (now AtkinsRealis) and Rider Levett Bucknall.

“What we're trying to do is engage early, build trust with the contractors, let them see we’re a good client that's going to pay and have honest and fair contracting terms, and work together to try and solve issues post-contract.

“We don't mind if there's inflationary pressures because of commodity prices increasing. But what we're trying to avoid is inflationary prices through just the demand increasing.

“An innovative way that we've implemented this even on our lump-sum contracts – our traditional Redbook or older contracts – is that we have preferred supplier agreement clauses in them,” he adds.

“So, rather than a traditional bill of quantities (BoQ) that has a rate, a quantity, a total, within our rate section we have the material supply rate, the installation rate and then everything else, such as overhead profit. We protect the installation rate, so it's not a percentage of the material; it's a fixed SR100 a square metre to install, for example.

“One of the big frustrations for contractors is [that the supplier has] a material we think they're going to deliver. It's maybe not available, so they submit alternative materials. The client keeps rejecting it – it's not what they want – and it becomes a delay; it's painful.”

McBride gives the example of a pre-approved bathroom sink. Thanks to Roshn’s relationships with key long-term suppliers, the company is able to negotiate better rates for sanitaryware than would be available to a contractor on an ad hoc basis. If the developer’s rates for sinks are better than the BoQ, it splits the savings 50:50 with the contractor.

“The contractors are winning out of that exercise, we're winning out of it and, ultimately, the customers are winning out of it as well, because we’re passing on those savings,” says McBride.

Flexibility

The benefits to contractors and suppliers extend to payment terms. In today’s sellers’ market, vendors are effectively able to pick and choose the clients they want to work for. As a result, clients – including the gigaprojects – have had to introduce more flexible payment terms and develop market reputations for paying on time.

Roshn may lead the pack on this, with an average payment time from invoice to payment of just 13 days in 2024. A decade ago, this would have been unheard of, but it is now increasingly becoming the norm among the gigaprojects.

In addition, like its PIF peers, Roshn has done away with tender fees and tender bonds, viewing them as outdated means of enforcing vendor participation, especially given the tight liquidity and cashflow situation in the projects market in Saudi Arabia.

Will such flexibility ever extend to performance bonds? McBride is sceptical, pointing to the fact that Roshn’s strong relationship with local banks allows to it facilitate credit agreements between contractors and their lenders. Being a gigaproject developer supported by the PIF – and by tacit extension the state – also helps provide the underlining ease of mind for financers.

Nonetheless, Roshn also takes a proactive approach with advanced payments, enabling up to 20% of the total contract value at the initial stage of the project.

“We've been quite clever in how we do this,” says McBride. “We don't go and release 20% straight away. We’ll do 10% and then, when we’ve evidence that you’ve expended that 10% on mobilisation and site establishment, we’ll release the second 10% tranche.”

Subcontractors

One of the chief sticking points in the kingdom’s projects ecosystem in the past decade has been the capacity and capability of its subcontractors.

The payments crisis in 2017-20 forced many main and general contractors to reduce their permanent labour forces, plant and general resources. Wary of a repeat, most have retained their leaner structure and so have turned increasingly to subcontractors for their manpower and delivery requirements.

In theory, this makes sense, but in practice subcontractors in Saudi Arabia are themselves often overstretched in terms of both delivery capacity and labour availability. In turn, they frequently use their own subcontractors, which then also outsource, to the point that specific elements of a project may be completed by companies very far down the supply chain – with the quality issues that this implies.

Roshn’s solution is to ensure any subcontractor on site goes through a vetting process encompassing quality and financial checks, thereby ensuring it has full visibility on every company on site.

Increasingly, Roshn is dealing with suppliers directly, under supply-install contracts. This can create interfacing issues with the main contractors, however, which are ultimately responsible for the project’s delivery.

“We have to be quite careful on that,” McBride says. “We have to go through all the checks and balances during the prequalification process because if we are going to give a subcontractor to a contractor that we're saying is pre-vetted by Roshn, we could be opening the door to lots of claims from the main contractor against us. So, vetting for us is absolutely crucial.”

Roshn is also working with smaller suppliers and subcontractors to help them evolve and grow, so that they can start taking on smaller main contractor roles themselves.

“Not every construction package we award is in the billions of riyals,” says McBride. “Our thinking is to let the big tier-one contractors focus on the multibillion-riyal deals while we encourage the smaller ones to grow as part of our supplier development programme.”

To achieve this, the developer holds events and bootcamps with its vendors to discuss best practices on subjects including health and safety, variation procedures and how to submit good tender returns.

Roshn is also working with smaller suppliers and subcontractors to help them evolve and grow

Building information modelling

Vendor education also extends to the use of building information modelling (BIM) and other construction technologies.

BIM is mandatory on Roshn’s projects, as it is on the other gigaprojects. While use of the technology is standard across almost all main contractors in the region, its take-up among smaller companies in the supply chain has been slower, with firms pointing to the cost of its adoption and integration as a barrier, as well as the fact that some clients, particularly government ones, view it as providing limited benefit.

Roshn’s task in this area is made difficult because its projects are less complex from an engineering and construction perspective.

“We’re building villas; it’s completely different to building stadiums or airports,” McBride says. “Can these contractors build from [two-dimensional] drawings? Yes, of course they can. You're not going to convince a smaller contractor that all of these benefits will make it easier to build because they know how to build. They've been doing it for decades.

“But the savings are in making it easier to procure, savings in the repeatability, and in the change control. If you upskill yourself on a Roshn project, you are building your capability, which you can then [demonstrate] to other clients as proof you can go after bigger and more complex projects. It's something that the whole industry has to get behind.”

Indeed, there is much to learn from Roshn’s approach to delivering its infrastructure and building plans. While the comparatively straightforward nature of its projects means that its procurement strategies may not be suited to those gigaprojects with more iconic designs, for many other developers it is a case study in efficient processes that have proven effective in delivering work on time and to budget.

This is just as well given that Roshn is set to embark on the next stage of its journey, with its focus on the more complex Marafy city development in Jeddah and Roshn Stadium in Riyadh. However, the evidence suggests that from a procurement strategy perspective, it is well-positioned to also make this a success.

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Edward James

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  • Consultant progresses work on Petro Rabigh project

    7 August 2026

     

    Saudi Arabia's Rabigh Refining & Petrochemical Company (Petro Rabigh) is overseeing progress on a project to build additional units at its integrated refining and petrochemical complex in Rabigh, on the kingdom’s Red Sea coast.

    Petro Rabigh, which is majority-owned by Saudi Aramco, appointed Australia-headquartered Worley to provide engineering and project management consultancy (PMC) services for the project in the first quarter of this year, sources told MEED.

    The overall scope of work on the project covers the construction of the following units:

    • Light naphtha isomerisation unit
    • De-asphalting and dewaxing unit
    • Ebullated bed configuration
    • Sulphur block (SRU/ARU/SWS/SFU)
    • Sales gas allocation and pipeline construction
    • Utilities unit outside battery limit
    • Auxiliary piping modifications
    • Utility and hydrocarbon tie-ins.

    Under the contract, the consultant will perform engineering studies and PMC functions, and assist the client in developing cost estimates and project-specific execution and technical procedures, based on Aramco guidelines for both the design basis scoping paper (DBSP) stage and, subsequently, the front-end engineering and design (feed) stage.

    Petro Rabigh will draw on the consultant’s advice on design, procurement and the development of new processing technologies, including for light naphtha isomerisation; vacuum residue processing technologies such as de-asphalting and dewaxing; an ebullated-bed configuration integrated with the diesel hydrotreating section; and unconverted oil hydrotreatment.

    According to sources, Petro Rabigh issued the tender for engineering and PMC services for the additional units project on 30 May last year.

    It set an initial bid submission deadline of 29 June last year, which it then extended to 17 July and again to 24 July, with engineering firms submitting their proposals by that date, sources said.

    Following months of evaluation, discussions and negotiations with bidders, Petro Rabigh selected Worley for the contract.

    Red Sea downstream complex

    Petro Rabigh was originally established in 1989 as a basic topping refinery with crude oil processing facilities in Rabigh, along Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coastline, about 165 kilometres to the north of Jeddah in Mecca Province.

    Saudi Aramco and Japan’s Sumitomo Chemical Company formed an equal joint venture in 2005 to transform the Petro Rabigh crude oil refining complex into an integrated refinery and petrochemicals complex, with the strategic objective of expanding Saudi Arabia’s annual production capacity of refined products and petrochemicals.

    Three years after the creation of the Petro Rabigh joint venture, the partners floated 25% of its shares in an initial public offering on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) in 2008, following which Aramco and Sumitomo Chemical each held 37.5% shares in Petro Rabigh, with the remaining shares listing on the Tadawul.

    In October last year, however, Aramco completed the acquisition of an additional 22.5% stake in Petro Rabigh from Sumitomo Chemical. Following the completion of the transaction, valued at $702m or SR7 a share, Aramco became the majority shareholder in Petro Rabigh, with an equity stake of 60%, while Sumitomo retains an interest of 15%. The remaining 25% shares of Petro Rabigh continue to trade on the Tadawul.

    ALSO READ: Petro Rabigh and Indian firm to study joint project investment

    Following the formation of the Petro Rabigh joint venture in 2005, Aramco and Sumitomo Chemical launched the expansion of the refining facility into an integrated refining and petrochemicals complex in 2006, investing $9.8bn in the project, 60% of which was secured through external financing. Engineering, procurement and construction works on phase one were completed in 2009, with the integrated downstream complex entering operations in November of that year.

    The Petro Rabigh downstream complex consists of a topping refinery that has a 340,000 barrel-a-day (b/d) crude distillation unit, a 47,000 b/d hydrotreater, a 12 million cubic-feet-a-day hydrogen plant, a 75,000 b/d naphtha merox unit and a 60,000 b/d kerosene merox unit, along with supporting utilities, product tankage and a marine terminal.

    Aramco and Sumitomo Chemical initiated Petro Rabigh’s phase two expansion project, valued at $8bn, in 2014. The second expansion phase was commissioned in 2018 and added 15 chemicals plants to the Petro Rabigh complex, raising the facility’s total production capacity to 18.4 million tonnes a year (t/y) of petroleum-based products.  

    The expansion also increased Petro Rabigh’s capacity to process an additional 30 million cubic feet a year of ethane into 2.4 million t/y of ethylene and propylene-based derivatives, and achieved a naphtha output of 3 million t/y.

    Expansion of the main existing chemicals plant and the establishment of a clean fuels complex comprising polyether polyols, naphtha treating and sulphur recovery units were also part of the phase two project.

    In addition to awarding Worley the engineering and PMC services contract this year, Petro Rabigh awarded US-based KBR a 10-year contract in February this year to provide maintenance services covering the company’s polymer plants in Rabigh, on the kingdom’s Red Sea coast.

    Work on the operations and maintenance contract will be executed by KBR’s  business line, which operates under the Houston-headquartered firm’s Technology Solutions portfolio, sources told MEED.

    Prior to this contract, in March 2024, Petro Rabigh awarded KBR a similar five-year asset condition monitoring programme contract. As part of that job, KBR is to provide predictive maintenance services at Petro Rabigh’s main plant.

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    Indrajit Sen
  • Bahrain opens Northern Link Road prices

    7 August 2026

    Three international consultancy firms have opened price bids for a contract to provide transaction advisory services on the Bahrain Northern Link Road (BNLR), a highway the government intends to deliver on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis.

    The Bahrain Tender Board opened the financial proposals on 6 August. Local units of KPMG, PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC) and Ernst & Young (EY) submitted bids, all of which were accepted.

    PwC Bahrain submitted the lowest price at BD1.92m ($5.1m), followed by EY Consulting at BD2.26m ($6m) and KPMG Advisory at BD3.89m ($10.3m).

    The selected adviser will provide financial, technical and legal advisory services, including feasibility studies, project structuring and bid documentation, along with support through tendering, evaluation and negotiation, and assistance up to financial close.

    The 29.5-kilometre highway will run from North Manama Causeway Bridge to Suhaila Island and onwards to King Hamad Causeway. The project is intended to serve as a parallel east-west corridor to Sheikh Isa Bin Salman Highway and to support traffic flow between Khalifa Bin Salman Port and Saudi Arabia.

    Causeway connection

    The BNLR will connect to the planned King Hamad Causeway. Earlier project plans, drawn up in 2016, included an arterial road with six or eight lanes that could run alongside a light rail or rapid bus transit system.

    In October 2019, King Fahd Causeway Authority appointed a consortium to provide transaction advisory services for King Hamad Causeway. The $8.9m consultancy agreement was signed with a consortium of Netherlands-headquartered KPMG, US-based Aecom and UK-based CMS. The plan was for the project to be funded by tolls, as with the existing King Fahd Causeway.

    The King Fahd Causeway opened in 1986 and extends for 25km. The bridge cost an estimated $1.2bn to construct and serves about 45,000 vehicles a day on average, rising to about 60,000 at weekends. It has been undergoing an expansion to ease severe congestion during peak periods.

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    Colin Foreman
  • Seven opens entertainment complex in Abha

    7 August 2026

    Saudi Entertainment Ventures (Seven) has opened its integrated recreational complex in Abha, the first of 14 entertainment destinations the company plans to develop across the kingdom.

    Local contractor Modern Building Leaders (MBL) built the complex under an estimated SR950m ($253m) contract awarded in December 2022. The scheme has a built-up area of more than 70,000 square metres and features go-karting, edutainment, bowling and indoor golf facilities.

    Seven is a wholly owned subsidiary of Qiddiya Investment Company. The Abha complex is the first Seven project to be completed, and supports the Public Investment Fund’s strategy to develop the entertainment and sports sector in line with Saudi Vision 2030.

    The destination is located within the Abha International airport cluster and connects the airport with the region’s cultural, tourism and entertainment sites. Entertainment experiences at the complex include Formula E Karting alongside Seven-developed concepts such as Kawaken, GolFi, Cyber Bowling and Scene Cinema.

    Consultants on the project include Dar Engineering and Lebanon’s Khatib & Alami, with the UK’s Mace International as project management consultant, according to regional projects tracker MEED Projects.

    Seven plans to invest SR50bn ($13.3bn) in developing 21 integrated entertainment destinations across 14 cities in the kingdom as Riyadh pursues its strategy to diversify away from hydrocarbons, create jobs and improve quality of life.

    READ THE AUGUST 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Saudi Arabia builds for the global stage; Rising uncertainty creates fresh set of challenges in the Maghreb; Gulf banks remain robust in the face of geopolitical tensions.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the August 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > MARKET FOCUS: Maghreb fortunes diverge
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
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    Colin Foreman