meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Bahrain charts pathway to net-zero future

8 November 2023

The rebranding of state oil and gas holding company Nogaholding to Bapco Energies in May was the first overhaul made by Bahrain in a long, phased campaign to achieve net-zero emissions.

As a country that produces just 200,000 barrels a day (b/d) of oil and is almost solely dependent on its neighbour Saudi Arabia for oil and gas supplies, attaining net-zero emissions might be easier and quicker for Bahrain than for its hydrocarbons-heavy Gulf peers.

Bahrain appears to be aware of this potential and has been focusing its efforts on curating a programme to become net-zero by 2060. It has brought on board advisors such as Boston Consulting Group to devise a strategy to achieve its environmental goals.

Following the launch of the new brand identity, Bapco Energies published emissions-reduction targets in July, in one of the most detailed disclosures by any state energy enterprise in the GCC.

Using 2017 as a baseline year, Bapco Energies has committed to reducing absolute Scope 3 emissions in Bahrain by 30 per cent by 2035, and to reaching net-zero Scope 3 emissions by 2060.

In addition, Bapco Energies lists its Scope 1 and 2 net emissions intensity reduction targets, also using 2017 as a baseline, as 15 per cent by 2025, 25 per cent by 2030, 30 per cent by 2035, 50 per cent by 2040 and 75 per cent by 2050, to eventually reach net zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2060.

Scope 1 and 2 emissions are directly related to the core operations of an energy-producing company. In contrast, Scope 3 refers to emissions for which the company is indirectly responsible – a critical measure in the fight against climate change.

Bapco Energies has made its Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions targets public as part of a framework it has adopted to link its environmental sustainability efforts to its financing exercises. Standard Chartered Bank will support the financing framework.

Decarbonisation action

Similar to large-scale decarbonisation project investments made by Gulf national oil companies, Bapco Energies has initiated a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project estimated to be worth about $4bn, according to its CEO Mark Thomas. The project is expected to be able to sequester 10-12 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year for at least 50 years.

The scope of the project involves sequestering the carbon dioxide emissions in a large gas reservoir in the Bahrain field, which is also known as the Awali field. The reservoir is big enough to sequester more than 550,000 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, according to Thomas.

The CCS project is bigger than any other project of its kind that has been announced, Thomas claimed in an interview with MEED.

“The good thing is that it is all onshore. Ten to 12 million tonnes of emissions are all within a 7 kilometre radius and the field where it will be stored is 10 kilometres away,” Thomas said.

“I have the space there,” he said. “The challenge is the technology and the cost. This is a very expensive project. We are looking for economies of scale and how we might stage it in a way that makes sense.

“We completed a very early feasibility study last year, in 2022,” he continued.

“We have subsequently engaged with experts in CCS and we expect that [a second] study will be done by mid-2023,” he said, adding that front-end engineering and design work for the project is expected to start before the end of this year.

Sitra refinery upgrade megaproject

Meanwhile, a $4.2bn project by Bahrain Petroleum Company (Bapco) to upgrade the Sitra refinery in Bahrain has made slow progress. The objective of the Bapco Modernisation Programme (BMP) is to boost the processing capacity of the country’s only oil refinery from 267,000 b/d to 380,000 b/d – a strategic target for Bahrain’s long-term downstream potential.

In February 2018, Bapco awarded the $4.2bn contract to perform engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) works to upgrade the Sitra refinery to a consortium led by France’s Technip Energies that includes Spain’s Tecnicas Reunidas and South Korea’s Samsung Engineering.

The project was originally expected to reach mechanical completion in 2023, with operations set to begin in 2024. MEED understands that Bapco will likely miss this commissioning schedule, however.

According to the latest update on EPC progress on the BMP, all of the catalysts required to start operating the newly-installed units have been delivered to the site, although the catalysts still need to be fully loaded into the units.

Upstream objectives

Despite its low oil production capacity, Bahrain is a key member of the Opec+ coalition of oil producers.

Bapco Upstream, the wholly-owned subsidiary of Bapco Energies, is striving to maintain, or even increase, its oil and gas production levels through capital expenditure on key projects.

Bapco Upstream, previously known as Tatweer Petroleum, is the sole operator of the onshore Bahrain field – the first oil field discovered in the Gulf region in 1932. The company produces an average of 42,400 b/d of crude oil and 1.67 billion cubic feet a day of non-associated gas from the Bahrain field.

This represents less than a quarter of the country’s oil output capacity, but is important to Manama as it is the only indigenous oil-producing asset and is key to meeting domestic oil demand.

Bapco Upstream also shares the offshore Abu Safah field, located in the Gulf waters between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, with Saudi Aramco. Abu Safah contributes about 145,000 b/d to Bahrain’s oil production.

At present, the firm is pushing ahead with a phased field development project to install non-associated gas compressor facilities and remote gas dehydration units to maintain gas deliverability from the Bahrain field. Bapco Upstream is understood to be close to awarding a contract for EPC work on non-associated gas compressor facilities and associated works as part of this project.

https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/11273443/main2024.jpg
Indrajit Sen

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • Dubai real estate buys time

    17 March 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    The outbreak of the Iran-US-Israel war has injected a powerful dose of uncertainty into Dubai’s residential real estate market, a sector already bracing for a cyclical cooldown.

    A new report from S&P Global Ratings, published on 16 March, outlines the parameters of the risk.

    The core argument is that while Dubai is not facing an immediate 2008-style collapse, the market’s resilience is now a function of time. If the conflict intensifies beyond a one-month horizon, the strains on prices, investor confidence and developer balance sheets could become severe.

    Momentum stalls as caution takes hold

    The most immediate impact of the conflict has been psychological. According to S&P, official sources are already reporting lower transaction volumes since the war began. The prolonged war could mark the end of the post-pandemic boom, shifting the market into a phase of guarded caution.

    The luxury segment, which has driven much of the recent growth, is seen as the most vulnerable. High-net-worth individuals who relocated to Dubai for its perceived safety and tax advantages may now reconsider their positions, given that the city’s ‘safe haven’ status is being tested.

    S&P’s baseline forecast assumes the most intense phase of fighting will last up to four weeks. Under this scenario, the market will likely experience a slowdown in both volumes and prices, with the declines being more pronounced the longer the uncertainty drags on.

    The report notes a flight to liquidity, predicting that secondary market transactions will become more prevalent as investors seek to offload properties, further suppressing values.

    Apartments are expected to suffer steeper price drops than villas due to a robust supply pipeline.

    Regulatory shields and the threat of a prolonged conflict

    One of the central tenets of the report is that Dubai’s post-2008 regulatory framework provides a crucial buffer. Escrow accounts and stringent payment plans mean that for projects already under way, developers should be able to complete construction, barring a wave of mass investor defaults.

    The rules offer significant protection: developers can retain up to 40% of the property value if construction is on schedule, refund the remainder, and repossess the unit for resale.

    However, this protection has limits. S&P warns that a prolonged war scenario would test these regulations. If the Strait of Hormuz remains closed, supply chains for construction materials could bottleneck, driving up input costs. More critically, the rules that protect developers would only be effective up to a point.

    In a deep and lasting downturn, project cancellations would become likely, particularly for newly launched developments that have not secured substantial presales.

    The analysis suggests that while top-tier developers weathered past downturns with delinquency rates of just 3-10%, the figure for newer, less experienced players could be much higher.

    Rated developers have headroom, but it is not infinite

    The four major developers rated by S&P with exposure to Dubai are Emaar Properties, Damac Properties, PNC Investments and Omniyat Holdings. All of these players enter the period of uncertainty from a position of relative strength.

    The report highlights that years of strong sales have created significant revenue backlogs covering several years.

    Emaar leads with the revenue backlog of about $37bn, equivalent to 2.7 years, while Damac holds about $22bn of backlog, representing 2.3 years.

    Their leverage is low, and cash positions are meaningful. As of 31 December 2025, Emaar held $7.5bn in cash and liquid investments, with $11.7bn as escrow cash balance.

    Damac holds $1.7bn in total cash, including $6bn in escrow, while PNCI and Omniyat hold more modest balances of $600m and $600m, respectively.

    S&P has built “substantial headroom” into their credit ratings to absorb sudden shocks.

    The liquidity assessments for all four companies are adequate, with manageable debt maturities in 2026.

    The critical question is duration. If the conflict grinds on, the buffers will narrow.

    S&P states that in a prolonged scenario, its reassessment will focus on construction progress, cash collection and working capital.

    The financial policies of management teams, specifically their willingness to maintain low leverage and cut dividends, will be key to preserving creditworthiness.

    Capex and dividends under review

    The war will also force a recalibration of corporate strategy. The report notes that investment decisions are likely to be postponed or cancelled. While commitments for projects nearing completion will proceed, companies will prioritise liquidity over new land purchases.

    This is most pronounced for Emaar, which has sizeable capital expenditure plans of AED10bn-AED11bn ($2.7bn-$3bn) annually in 2026-27 for projects such as Dubai Creek Tower, Dubai Creek Mall and the expansion of Dubai Mall. S&P believes a significant portion of this spending is flexible and can be delayed if needed.

    Dividend policies will also be tested. The report expects dividend distributions to remain substantial but potentially adjustable. 

    S&P’s analysis paints a picture of a market that is braced for impact but not yet broken. The fundamentals are stronger than they were in 2008, thanks to tighter regulations and well-capitalised developers with $10bn in combined cash reserves.

    However, the market’s fate is now externally determined. If the conflict remains contained and short-lived, Dubai’s real estate sector should absorb the shock with manageable declines.

    But if the war becomes a protracted regional crisis, the meaningful correction that S&P flags as a possibility will move from the realm of the theoretical to the probable, testing the resilience of both the developers and the regulatory framework designed to protect them.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16012971/main.gif
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Saudi Energy pushes back deadlines for power projects

    17 March 2026

    Saudi Energy, formerly Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), has extended bid submission deadlines for three substation projects in Riyadh Province.

    The utility has pushed back the deadline for the estimated $50m King Khalid International airport 132/13.8kV substation project to 9 April.

    The contract was originally tendered in December, and the deadline had previously been extended to 9 March.

    Local firms Al-Babtain Contracting and Al-Haider are understood to have prequalified to bid for the scheme. 

    The company has also extended the deadline for a $40m engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract for a 132kV underground cable project in Al-Kharj, Riyadh Province.

    The new bid submission date is 26 March.

    The project covers the installation of underground cable circuits linking a proposed substation (S/S #8721) north of Al-Kharj to BSP #9028. The scope also includes associated civil works and infrastructure.

    Prequalified bidders include Saudi Services for Electro Mechanic Works, Al-Babtain Contracting and Al-Haider, according to regional project tracker MEED Projects.

    In addition, the utility has extended the deadline for a $50m contract to replace the existing 132/13.8kV substation (S/S #8044) with the new Al-Sharafiyah-2 substation (S/S #8407) in Riyadh.

    The revised submission date is 9 April.

    The scope includes construction of the new substation, installation of switchgear and conductors, and associated infrastructure works.

    Saudi Services for Electro Mechanic Works, Al-Babtain Contracting and Al-Haider are expected to submit bids for the project.

    Riyadh Expo substations

    Separately, Saudi Energy is understood to be moving forward with procurement for a project to develop three 132/13.8kV substations in Riyadh to support Expo 2030.

    The utility is said to have invited bids for the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract to deliver the three substations along with associated works to connect the facilities to the national grid.

    The project forms part of wider infrastructure preparations for Expo 2030 Riyadh, scheduled to take place from October 2030 to March 2031

    No bid submission deadline has been publicly disclosed.

    Last September, Saudi Energy outlined plans to invest $58.7bn in power projects between 2025 and 2030.

    This includes $36bn and $22.7bn for transmission and distribution, respectively, and is part of long-term plans to meet growing electricity demand while improving grid efficiency and reliability.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16012147/main.jpg
    Mark Dowdall
  • Fujairah oil hub targeted in fresh drone strike

    17 March 2026

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    The Fujairah Oil Industry Zone (FOIZ) was hit by another drone attack early on 17 March, causing a fire, authorities in Fujairah said.

    No injuries have been reported in the attack, and the emirate’s civil defence teams are dealing with the situation and trying to control the fire, the official Emirates News Agency (Wam) reported, citing the media office of the Government of Fujairah.

    This is understood to be the fifth attack since the start of March that FOIZ has suffered from drone or debris resulting from interceptions by the UAE’s air defence systems, as Iran continues to hit energy and industrial facilities in the UAE.

    Fujairah benefits from its strategic geopolitical location outside the Strait of Hormuz, which Iran has blockaded in its ongoing conflict with Israel and the US, choking about a fifth of the world’s oil and gas supplies.

    Consequently, oil prices have soared since the start of the conflict on 28 February. Global benchmark Brent broke the $100 mark on 9 March, for the first time since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, rising to a high of $119 a barrel on that day. Prices have dropped since, but it is still trading well above the $100 mark, with Brent recorded at $103.87 a barrel as of 12pm GST on 17 March.

    Major midstream oil and gas companies operate key storage and export hubs for oil and refined products in Fujairah, including Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc Group), Saudi Aramco – through its subsidiary Aramco Trading – Vopak Horizon, VTTI, Shell, Fujairah Oil Terminal, Brooge Petroleum & Gas Investment Company (BPGIC), Emirates National Oil Company (Enoc), Ecomar, Mount Row and GPS Chemoil.

    ALSO READ: Iran sees economic pressure as key to ending war

    Fujairah is crucial to the operations of Adnoc Group subsidiary Adnoc Onshore, which operates a main oil terminal (MOT) there. Located approximately 300 kilometres north of Abu Dhabi, the terminal facilitates the import and export of various crude oil grades, particularly Murban, from the company’s onshore and offshore fields.

    Meanwhile, the Abu Dhabi Crude Oil Pipeline (Adcop) connects milestone pole (MP) 21 at the Habshan oil facility in Abu Dhabi, where stabilised crude produced from Adnoc Onshore fields is gathered for dispatch, to the Fujairah MOT.

    BPGIC is an oil storage and services firm that was established in 2013 in Fujairah and started operations with a capacity of 400,000 cubic metres spanning 14 tanks. In March 2022, it announced its intention to increase the storage capacity of four of those storage tanks in the first phase complex.

    Separately, in September 2021, BPGIC began operations at the second phase of its Fujairah oil storage complex, adding 600,000 cubic metres of storage capacity across eight tanks. As a result of that expansion, BPGIC’s storage capacity more than doubled to 1 million cubic metres, or 6.3 million barrels, from 400,000 cubic metres.

    BPGIC then undertook a third expansion phase of its oil storage facility, which is understood to have been commissioned in 2023.

    The third phase increased BPGIC’s oil storage capacity by 3.5 times, raising it to 3.5 million cubic metres, or 22 million barrels, and making the firm the largest oil storage services provider in the UAE emirate of Fujairah.

    The third-phase expansion project consists of an oil storage facility with a capacity of 2.5 million cubic metres, a modular 25,000-barrel-a-day (b/d) refinery, and a larger 180,000-b/d conventional refinery.

    BPGIC also co-owns a topping refinery in Fujairah with Nigeria-based Sahara Energy Resources, which produces low-sulphur bunker fuel for ships and vessels. It is understood that the new naphtha upgradation unit could be integrated with the existing topping refinery unit.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16011988/main.jpg
    Indrajit Sen
  • Oman signs $2bn real estate deals at Mipim 2026

    17 March 2026

    Oman has signed 17 international investment and development agreements worth over RO762m ($1.98bn) at the Mipim 2026 event held in Cannes, France.

    The deals were concluded through the Ministry of Housing & Urban Planning (MHUP) and partners at the Oman pavilion, and span mixed-use real estate, healthcare, agri-investment and digital planning tools.

    A key agreement was a memorandum of understanding with Turkiye’s Artas Holding for the Al-Khuwair Downtown project, with planned investments exceeding RO150m ($390m).

    In Sultan Haitham City, an agreement was signed with Saudi Arabia’s Retal Development to develop neighbourhoods 3, 15 and 17, covering more than 1.39 million square metres, with a combined investment of over RO320m ($832m).

    Other agreements include Vogue Homes Portugal investing more than RO25m ($65m) in the Al-Thuraya City project, and another residential scheme led by international firms including Avant Garde Properties, F&M International, Metrogramma and The One Atelier, with an investment of about RO50m ($130m).

    MoHUP also signed agreements covering smart planning and project delivery, including advanced 3D digital modelling, with investment exceeding RO408,000 ($1m).

    Healthcare-related agreements include a partnership between local Al-Daham Real Estate and Kubba to develop hospital and stem-cell treatment facilities, valued at RO11.5m ($30m), and a deal between local firm Al-Abrar Real Estate Group and Vienna Hospital & University to operate Ibn Al-Haitham Hospital in Sultan Haitham City, with an investment of more than RO40m ($104m).

    In Dhofar, investments will be made in planting one million olive trees under a usufruct arrangement, valued at RO15m ($39m), as part of agriculture sustainability plans.

    The programme also includes architectural and branding collaborations involving international firms such as Chapman Taylor Architects, 3DTouch Studio, Hawk & Impact Communication and Atelier Entropic, alongside luxury brands including Pagani, Armani and Elie Saab for branded residential concepts.

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16011061/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Ashghal tenders northern Smaisma infrastructure

    17 March 2026

     

    Qatar’s Public Works Authority (Ashghal) has issued a tender covering infrastructure development in the northern Smaisma area.

    The tender was floated on 14 March, with a bid submission closing date of 12 May.

    The scope includes the airstrip road, coastal road and connections to the existing Al-Khor Expressway, spanning an area of about 18.5 kilometres.

    The contract duration is four years from the start of construction works.

    The latest tender follows Ashghal’s announcement of contract awards for 12 new projects, with a total value exceeding QR4.5bn ($1.2bn).

    According to a notice published on its website, these include six building projects, most notably the redevelopment of Hamad General Hospital, with a contract value of about QR1.1bn ($301m).

    The other projects awarded include the construction of a post office building in Al-Thumama, the renovation of the Qatar Racing & Equestrian Club and the Qatar Equestrian Federation, as well as the implementation of phase four of the Al-Uqda Equestrian Complex development.

    In the roads and infrastructure sector, four projects have been awarded, led by packages one and two of the road and infrastructure development works in Izghawa and Al-Thumaid.

    The awards also include a project covering landscaping and an air-conditioned walkway at Qatar University, as part of broader public facilities improvement initiatives.

    According to UK analytics firm GlobalData, Qatar’s construction industry is expected to expand by 4.3% in 2026, supported by investments in renewable energy and transportation infrastructure.

    According to the Planning & Statistics Authority, Qatar’s construction value-add grew by 6.6% year-on-year in the first half of 2025. 

    GlobalData expects the industry to grow at an annual average growth rate of 4.6% in 2027-29, supported by investments in construction, energy and infrastructure projects.

    READ THE MARCH 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    Riyadh urges private sector to take greater role; Chemical players look to spend rationally; Economic uptick lends confidence to Cairo’s reforms.

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the March 2026 edition of MEED Business Review includes:
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/16010960/main.gif
    Yasir Iqbal