meed-logo

line1 line2 line3
SIGN IN / REGISTER

Cop28 focuses energy transition spotlight on UAE

28 February 2023

 

Global climate negotiators, civil society groups, entrepreneurs and journalists will descend on Dubai’s Expo City in November for the 28th Conference of the Parties (Cop28) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, putting the UAE at the centre and in charge of the annual climate talks.

UAE Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, has said Cop28 is the most important event the UAE will host in 2023. It is hard to argue otherwise.

Cop28 is expected to follow through with the implementation of a breakthrough loss-and-damage fund to help the most vulnerable countries address climate change, which was included for the first time in a Cop agreement last year.

It will conclude the first global stocktake, an assessment of the progress each country has made against the goals of the Paris Agreement, signed in 2016 by 195 nations, with the aim of keeping the mean global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial levels.

Contrasting agendas

Under the auspices of a state whose wealth was built for the most part on oil, negotiators are expected to lock horns over the policies, technologies and funding platforms best placed to enable climate mitigation and adaptation, and to wean the world off fossil fuels.

The relevance of the UAE's leadership in this year's Cop negotiations reflects the dilemma between meeting climate targets and a world that cannot yet live without hydrocarbons

It is not the first time an Opec member will host a Cop event – Qatar and Indonesia hosted them in 2012 and 2013, respectively. However, the appointment of Abu Dhabi oil chief and UAE climate envoy Sultan al-Jaber as Cop28 president-designate caused an uproar among environment and climate advocacy groups in January.

“I thought someone from outside the conventional energy sector would have given more credibility to the event,” an independent consultant tells MEED.

Despite this, commentators have also noted the UAE’s strategic clout and potential to act as a bridge between the affluent and developed countries increasingly referred to as the global north, such as the US, EU states, Russia and Japan, and the economically challenged countries in the global south, which includes swathes of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

The UAE maintains close economic and political ties with the majority of the countries in both groups, which largely have contrasting geopolitical, economic and energy profiles, as well as climate agendas.

According to Frank Wouters, director of the EU GCC Clean Energy Network and senior vice-president of Reliance Industries, the UAE, as one of the biggest donors of official development aid (ODA), can provide credibility and leadership in the effort to mobilise badly needed global capital towards climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.

For instance, at Cop15 in Denmark in 2009, developed countries committed to a collective goal of mobilising $100bn a year for climate action in developing countries by 2020. 

The goal was formalised at Cop16 in Mexico, and reiterated at Cop21 in France, with the timeline extended to 2025.

The latest available figure in 2020 stood at $83.3bn. “The reality is that this has not happened,” says Wouters. “So more can and should be done.”

With the UAE consistently rated among the countries with the highest ODA against gross national income, Cop28 is expected to provide further impetus to reaching this collective goal – one of the tangible outcomes most negotiators have hoped for at previous Cop events.

Low-carbon fuels as the next LNG

A seat at the table

Despite the somewhat counter-intuitive proposition of giving petroleum-exporting countries a seat at the Cop negotiating table, the move is an important one, another expert tells MEED.

Mhamed Biygautane, a lecturer in public policy at the University of Melbourne, says these countries’ involvement in early discussions and negotiations is critical for any resultant decisions to have a meaningful impact on the ground.

“Petroleum states can make or break any climate-change negotiations because their interests are obviously at stake here,” he says.  

“This is particularly the case for GCC states, whose economies rely heavily on oil rents and any reductions in oil exports will most certainly adversely affect their economies.”

Karen Young, senior research scholar at Columbia University’s Centre on Global Energy Policy, also points out the importance of considering the major difference in the politics of energy transition between national oil companies such as those based in Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia, and international oil companies such as BP and Shell.

“The state and the firm are linked, so energy policy … can include an emphasis on carbon capture and storage (CCS), on cleaner production and simultaneously on investments in renewables and economic statecraft – to deploy investment and technology to partner states that are both profitable and strategic in foreign relations,” Young says.

For example, the UAE has two national champions, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) and clean energy firm Masdar, which in a different framework could be seen as a contradiction.

According to Young, the UAE is managing the energy transition with a goal of not just state survival, but of dominance across energy markets, technology and political ties across a broad geography.

This suggests that the UAE sees Cop28 as an opportunity not just to set a climate agenda, but also to put the country in a strong economic and political leadership position for decades.

Greenwashing fears

Significantly, 2022 was a year of record profits for global and national oil majors, as the war in Ukraine depressed supply and inflated prices.

 Aramco earns $42.4bn profit in third quarter

While oil firms around the world will continue to invest in renewables, some experts say they are likely to reinvest a significant amount in conventional hydrocarbons development due to robust oil demand, regardless of climate objectives.

This has reinforced fears of widespread greenwashing, or oil majors walking back on their net-zero targets, an issue commonly raised by advocacy groups at Cop events.

“Greenwashing is real, but ultimately it is not a useful framework,” says Young. “There is oil demand. There will continue to be oil demand. What matters is how we produce and transport it and, simultaneously, with purposeful government policy, reduce demand by creating incentives to use renewable energy and increase the costs of continuing to use oil.”

Biygautane also says stronger monitoring and international conventions with more powers for sanctions and penalties are necessary to deter businesses within and outside the hydrocarbons industry from making promises they will not honour.

Another expert points out the urgent need to focus on deploying clean technologies other than renewable energy, and to decarbonise sectors other than power, such as transport and buildings, along with the need for a bigger focus on transmission and distribution within the power sector.

“The major shortcoming remains in ensuring the required financing is there, which requires collective action from governments, corporates, financing and development institutions, in addition to individual behaviour and action,” says Jessica Obeid, academy associate at think tank Chatham House’s energy, environment and resources programme in London.

“It takes a village to achieve a serious sustainable transformation of our energy systems … requirements are many and efforts are only a few,” she says.

Resource allocation

For the GCC states, where historical data has pointed to a significant discrepancy between hydrocarbons production and clean energy investments, this will mean more resource allocation is required.

For example, data from regional projects tracker MEED Projects shows that the value of wind, solar and waste-to-energy generation contracts equates to a mere 10 per cent of the $254bn-worth of contracts awarded across the GCC states’ oil and gas sectors over the past 10 years, excluding investments made by GCC-based investors and developers overseas.

When it comes to projects in the advanced procurement stage, the ratio of renewable energy projects more than doubles, at 24 per cent against the value of oil and gas schemes. 

This provides a positive market signal that could further improve if a portion of the GCC economic vision-related renewable energy schemes, carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) and clean hydrogen projects move into procurement.

While this improvement may not prove to be enough to appease all climate change advocates, the clear policy convergence on clean hydrocarbons production between the UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia and, to a lesser extent, Kuwait, is

significant. It could help to further drive the gradual uncoupling of their economies from fossil fuels over the coming years or decades. 

Columbia University’s Young concludes: “Which states ride the coattails of the UAE in this Cop and its subsequent agenda will be interesting to watch.” 

Technology and teamwork are critical if a low-carbon future is to be secured, says Mubadala's Saed Arar

Spotlight on the UAE

The UAE has been building up its green and clean energy base and working on energy transition objectives for some time. It set an energy diversification agenda in 2017 and was the first Middle East country to declare a target of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. 

The Abu Dhabi Energy Department has launched regulations covering waste-to-energy, electric vehicles and clean energy certificates, along with energy-efficiency initiatives that include building retrofits. 

The UAE’s clean energy installed capacity, including three units of the Barakah nuclear power plant, stood at 7.6GW as of December. It is also finalising its green hydrogen roadmap.

Pragmatic transition

The growing number of new projects involving Masdar, which Al-Jaber chairs, forms part of the UAE’s pragmatic energy transition strategy. This involves developing and expanding nuclear and renewable energy and hydrogen capacity in addition to expanding its hydrocarbons output.

Adnoc and Abu Dhabi National Energy (Taqa) have taken control of Masdar, whose operations have been split into separate renewable energy and green hydrogen businesses. The firm aims to have 100GW of renewable installed capacity and 1 million tonnes of green hydrogen by 2030.

“Adnoc is the only national oil company (NOC) to pursue renewable merger and acquisition, buying into the H2Teeside hydrogen project in the UK alongside BP,” notes Kavita Jadhav, research director, corporate research at UK-based Wood MacKenzie. “Its investments in low-carbon energy will increase, and it may also make further international acquisitions in hydrogen; CCUS; and solar, in a wave that could be similar to the rush of activity seen in the UK and Europe in the run-up to Cop26.”

Jadhav predicts the UAE and wider Middle East could have a similar eureka moment to the Inflation Reduction Act in the US, which promises a boom time for hydrogen, CCS and solar.

“A lot can happen when you have the spotlight on you,” she says.
https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/10590455/main.gif
Jennifer Aguinaldo

Register for MEED's guest program now to access this article.

Click here to register
Exclusive from Meed
Related Articles
  • UAE and Turkiye ties deepen

    4 July 2025

    Commentary
    Colin Foreman
    Editor

    Read the July issue of MEED Business Review

    The growing trade volumes between the UAE and Turkiye involve a mix of competition and collaboration across various sectors. 

    One area of competition is aviation. Turkish Airlines has emerged as a major global player over the past 20 years, with its network now covering more countries than any other airline.

    Turkiye’s aviation sector entered a new era in 2019 when Istanbul Grand airport opened. The first phase has the capacity to handle 90 million passengers a year, and the plan is for the capacity to reach 200 million once later phases are completed. 

    The airport’s globally strategic location combined with its large and expandable capacity will give Turkiye’s aviation
    sector an edge over its competitors in the Gulf over the next decade as construction starts on major airports, including Dubai and Riyadh. 

    While competition is evident, Turkish Airlines insists there is enough room for it and the Gulf airlines to grow as the centre of gravity for global aviation shifts from west to east.

    On a macro level, the UAE and Turkiye are complementary economies

    Beyond aviation, the trade relationship encompasses a wide range of sectors, including defence, logistics and construction. Over the past two years, Turkish contractors have secured significant contracts in the UAE. Turkish construction companies are now exporting the experience they have gained on projects in Turkiye to the UAE, as major government- backed infrastructure projects that include airports and railways move into tendering. 

    At the same time, UAE investments in Turkiye’s energy and financial sectors are growing, with notable examples including Emirates NBD’s investment in DenizBank and International Holding Company’s investment in Kalyon Energy. 

    These investments show that on a macro level, the UAE and Turkiye are complementary economies, with each holding a different mix of resources, capital and expertise. The strategic location of both countries amplifies the business case for trade even further.

    READ THE JULY 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    UAE and Turkiye expand business links; Renewed hope lies on the horizon for trouble-beset Levant region; Gulf real estate momentum continues even as concerns emerge

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > PROJECTS MARKET: GCC projects market collapses
    > GULF PROJECTS INDEX: Gulf projects index continues climb
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14201376/main.gif
    Colin Foreman
  • Building on UAE-Turkiye trade

    4 July 2025

    This package on UAE-Turkiye relations also includes:

    > UAE-Turkiye trade gains momentum
    > Turkiye’s Kalyon goes global
    > UAE-Turkiye financial links strengthen
    > Turkish Airlines plans further growth

     

    The UAE-Turkiye Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (Cepa) that came into effect in September 2023 has already exceeded expectations. 

    Non-oil trade between the UAE and Turkiye grew by 11.5% in 2024, reaching a total of $40.5bn. This milestone surpasses a target of the Cepa three years earlier than planned. As a result, Turkiye is now the UAE’s fourth-largest non-oil trading partner, rising from seventh place in 2021.

    Trade between the UAE and Turkiye is growing strongly, with both countries increasingly viewed as strategic hubs for accessing broader markets. 

    The growth story builds on already established business links between the two countries. 

    “UAE-based companies and funds are already very active in Turkiye,” says Burak Daglioglu, president of the investment and finance office of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkiye. 

    “Firms like DP World and others in private equity and venture capital are playing a key role.”

    Strengthening ties

    Since the Cepa was signed in 2023, bilateral investment has accelerated, with Turkish companies also expanding into the UAE. 

    “That’s the mark of a healthy relationship,” he says. “When it’s balanced and bilateral, it’s more sustainable.”

    He adds that companies in both countries see the other not just as a market, but as a hub. “UAE firms use Turkiye to access Europe and Central Asia; Turkish firms use the UAE to reach Asia and Africa. This creates a complementary strategy for both sides.”

    In the energy sector, the focus is on renewables, with UAE firms eyeing major solar and wind projects in Turkiye. “We have huge potential in renewables, and there are ongoing talks with UAE investors,” says Daglioglu.

    In technology, Turkiye is emerging as a regional player in artificial intelligence (AI), financial technology (fintech), and healthcare technology.

    “Our infrastructure is increasingly AI-ready,” he says. “We have data centres, renewable power sources and connectivity. 

    “We also have a robust startup ecosystem, with early-stage funding rising from under $100m a decade ago to over $1bn today.”

    Defence is another key area of cooperation. “There are some ongoing projects in the defence sector between Turkiye and the UAE,” Daglioglu says. “It’s better not to name names at this stage, but it’s a promising area.”

    Venture capital (VC) is also playing an important role in promoting regional innovation. “Ten years ago, the startup scene was nascent. Now, it’s a cornerstone of our investment strategy. Dubai, as a regional VC hub, has been instrumental.”

    To support this growth, Turkiye has developed local VC legislation and attracted international funds, including those from Saudi Arabia, UAE family offices and corporate investors. A joint UAE-Turkiye technology fund worth $300m is also nearing finalisation. 

    “It’s not just about exits anymore. Turkish startups are scaling regionally and globally, with Dubai often serving as their capital and client gateway.”

    Turkiye is also a major industrial hub and, with a population of 85 million, has extensive human resources. “We have the talent, the infrastructure and the resilience,” he says. 

    “From automotive and mobility to chemicals and energy storage, we are expanding our industrial base.”

    We have huge potential in renewables, and there are ongoing talks with UAE investors

    Looking ahead

    Turkiye’s trade with the UAE and the rest of the GCC could be enhanced even further with the Development Road project, which is a 1,200-kilometre highway and railway linking Iraq’s southern Faw Port to Europe through Turkiye. 

    “The Development Road will not happen overnight – it’s a long-term, complex undertaking,” Daglioglu says. “But its impact will be global. Reducing shipping lead times between Asia and Europe by up to a week is hugely significant in today’s fast-moving markets.”

    Designed to connect the Gulf to Europe through Turkiye, the Development Road includes a high-speed rail network for both cargo and passengers, as well as a parallel motorway.

    For Daglioglu, the Development Road corridor offers Turkiye, the UAE and the GCC  states another platform for economic diversification.

    “This is more than a transport project, it’s a regional realignment,” he says. 

    “It will unlock a flow of goods, people, capital and data. Fibre infrastructure can run alongside the rail and motorway, creating a dual-purpose corridor that will support our AI and digital economy ambitions.”

    Historically, Turkiye has been well integrated with northern markets in Europe. Due to years of conflict in Iraq and Syria, however, its southern connectivity has lagged. 

    The Development Road, along with recent discussions to reopen direct links with Syria, offers opportunities for southern expansion.

    “We have invested heavily in northern logistics. Now, it’s time to strengthen our southern corridor,” Daglioglu says. “The Development Road could finally make direct access to the GCC markets a reality.”

    The corridor could also open up new avenues for digital infrastructure, such as subsea cables and terrestrial fibre,
    further linking the region’s digital economies.

    “This could be the basis for a digital Silk Road, supporting everything from AI to fintech.” 

    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14201047/main.gif
    Colin Foreman
  • Firms submit Diriyah’s Radisson Red superblock prequalifications

    4 July 2025

     

    Register for MEED’s 14-day trial access 

    Saudi gigaproject developer Diriyah Company has received prequalification statements from firms interested in constructing the upcoming Radisson Red superblock in the second phase of the Diriyah Gate development (DG2).

    The prequalification notice was issued on 11 June, and submissions were made on 22 June.

    The Radisson Red superblock consists of a hotel, residential apartments, retail facilities, commercial office spaces and a park.

    The project is situated in the Boulevard East district, between King Khalid Road and the Grand Boulevard in Diriyah.

    The project is the latest in a series of other superblocks that are expected to be floated to the market this year, including the Waldorf Astoria superblock, Edition superblock and Pendry superblock.

    Diriyah tendered a contract in April to build the new iconic museum in the DG2 area. 

    The same month, MEED exclusively reported that the client had awarded an estimated SR4bn ($1.1bn) contract for a utilities relocation package for the King Saud University (KSU) project located in DG2.

    The contract was awarded to the joint venture of Beijing-headquartered China Railway Construction Corporation and China Railway Construction Group Central Plain Construction Company.

    Also in April, MEED reported that the company had awarded an estimated SR5bn ($1.3bn) construction deal to build the Royal Diriyah Opera House.

    The contract was awarded to a joint venture of local firm El-Seif Engineering & Contracting, Beijing-headquartered China State Construction Engineering Corporation and Qatari firm Midmac Contracting.

    Tendering activity is also progressing on several other major schemes at Diriyah, including the King Khalid Road project, which passes through the development. The client received bids from firms in the second week of April for the main construction works on this project.

    The client is also expected to finalise the contract award shortly for the Arena Block assets in the Boulevard Southwest section in the DG2 area.

    Diriyah gigaproject

    The Diriyah masterplan envisages the city as a cultural and lifestyle tourism destination. Located northwest of Riyadh’s city centre, it will cover 14 square kilometres and combine 300 years of history, culture and heritage with hospitality facilities.

    The company awarded several significant contracts last year, including three contracts worth over SR21bn ($5.5bn). These included an estimated $2bn contract awarded to a joint venture of El-Seif Engineering & Contracting and China State to build the North Cultural District.

    In July last year, Diriyah also awarded a $2.1bn package to a joint venture of local contractor Albawani and Qatar’s Urbacon to construct assets in the Wadi Safar district of the gigaproject.

    Then in December, Diriyah Company awarded an estimated SR5.8bn ($1.5bn) contract to local firm Nesma & Partners for its Jabal Al-Qurain Avenue cultural district, located in the northern district of the Diriyah Gate project.

    Once complete, Diriyah will have the capacity to accommodate 100,000 residents and visitors.

    READ THE JULY 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    UAE and Turkiye expand business links; Renewed hope lies on the horizon for trouble-beset Levant region; Gulf real estate momentum continues even as concerns emerge

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > PROJECTS MARKET: GCC projects market collapses
    > GULF PROJECTS INDEX: Gulf projects index continues climb
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14200629/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal
  • Court rules against Petrofac restructuring plans

    4 July 2025

    An appeals court in the UK has upheld an appeal against Petrofac’s restructuring plans, increasing uncertainty about the UK-based engineering company’s future.

    The appeal was brought by Italy’s Saipem and South Korea’s Samsung E&A.

    The ruling against the restructuring plans comes less than two months after Petrofac received formal approval from the High Court of England & Wales to implement its restructuring plan.

    Petrofac previously said that its restructuring plan would unlock $355m in new funding for its operations.

    Petrofac said on 1 July that the appeal was upheld “on narrow grounds associated with the terms of the 'new money' financing and the evidence provided in support of it”, that had previously been accepted by the High Court.

    The company said that all other grounds of appeal were unsuccessful.

    It added that it was “carefully studying” the detailed judgment and would discuss with key stakeholders its implications and potential routes forward.

    The company’s shares were suspended from trading on the UK stock exchange at the end of April due to Petrofac’s failure to publish its 2024 financial results on time.

    Wood Group, another UK-based engineering company that is active in the Middle East and North Africa region, also saw its shares suspended on the same day, for the same reason.

    In January this year, Petrofac announced that it had reached a binding agreement with its creditors.

    Petrofac has been struggling with financial problems since its share price collapsed in December 2023.

    READ THE JULY 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    UAE and Turkiye expand business links; Renewed hope lies on the horizon for trouble-beset Levant region; Gulf real estate momentum continues even as concerns emerge

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > PROJECTS MARKET: GCC projects market collapses
    > GULF PROJECTS INDEX: Gulf projects index continues climb
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14200679/main.jpg
    Wil Crisp
  • King Salman airport sets July deadline for fourth runway bids

    4 July 2025

     

    King Salman International Airport Development Company (KSIADC) has allowed firms until 8 July to bid for the design-and-build of the fourth runway at King Salman International airport (KSIA) in Riyadh.

    The tender was floated on 17 April. The previous bid submission deadline was 17 June.

    It is understood that the third and fourth runways will add to the two existing runways at Riyadh’s King Khalid International airport, which will eventually become part of KSIA.

    KSIADC, which is backed by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund, prequalified firms in September last year for the main engineering, procurement and construction packages; early and enabling works; specialist systems and integration; specialist systems, materials and equipment; engineering and design; professional services; health, safety, security, environment and wellbeing services; modular installation and prefabrication; local content; and environmental, social and governance and other services.

    The entire scheme is divided into eight assets. These are:

    • Iconic Terminal
    • Terminal 6
    • Private aviation terminal 
    • Central runway and temporary apron
    • Hangars
    • Landside transport
    • Cargo buildings
    • Real estate

    In August last year, KSIADC confirmed it had signed up several architectural and design firms for the various elements of the project.

    UK-based Foster+Partners will design the airport’s masterplan, including the terminals, six runways and a multi-asset real estate area.

    US-based engineering firm Jacobs will provide specialist consultancy services for the masterplan and the design of the new runways.

    UK-based engineering firm Mace was appointed as the project’s delivery partner, and local firm Nera was awarded the airspace design consultancy contract.

    Project scale

    The project covers an area of about 57 square kilometres (sq km), allowing for six parallel runways, and will include the existing terminals at King Khalid International airport. It will also include 12 sq km of airport support facilities, residential and recreational facilities, retail outlets and other logistics real estate.

    If the project is completed on time in 2030, it will become the world’s largest operating airport in terms of passenger capacity, according to UK analytics firm GlobalData.

    The airport aims to accommodate up to 120 million passengers by 2030 and 185 million by 2050. The goal for cargo is to process 3.5 million tonnes a year by 2050.

    Saudi Arabia plans to invest $100bn in its aviation sector. Riyadh’s Saudi Aviation Strategy, announced by the General Authority of Civil Aviation (Gaca), aims to triple Saudi Arabia’s annual passenger traffic to 330 million travellers by 2030.

    It also aims to increase air cargo traffic to 4.5 million tonnes and raise the country’s total air connections to more than 250 destinations. 

    READ THE JULY 2025 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

    UAE and Turkiye expand business links; Renewed hope lies on the horizon for trouble-beset Levant region; Gulf real estate momentum continues even as concerns emerge

    Distributed to senior decision-makers in the region and around the world, the July 2025 edition of MEED Business Review includes:

    > PROJECTS MARKET: GCC projects market collapses
    > GULF PROJECTS INDEX: Gulf projects index continues climb
    To see previous issues of MEED Business Review, please click here
    https://image.digitalinsightresearch.in/uploads/NewsArticle/14200608/main.jpg
    Yasir Iqbal