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Fitch cuts global airport outlook on Iran war

4 June 2026

Fitch Ratings has revised its global airport sector outlook to ‘deteriorating’ from ‘neutral’, warning that disruption linked to the Iran conflict is creating a more challenging operating environment for airports and airlines and clouding traffic visibility into 2026.

In a note issued on 3 June, Fitch said the conflict has increased uncertainty over “regional airspace availability, airline operations and travel demand”, with implications for route stability and the quality of traffic flows. While most airport operators’ traffic and earnings have remained broadly stable so far this year, the ratings agency expects a softer macro backdrop, a less favourable passenger mix and weaker non-aeronautical revenues to increase sector risks over the next 12 to 18 months.

The revised outlook is particularly relevant for the Gulf, where major airports have built business models centred on international connectivity, long-haul flying and transfer traffic. Fitch said the disruption is particularly affecting airports with exposure to transfer passengers and internationally connected airline networks — categories that include the region’s largest hubs.

Hub exposure

Although the agency did not name Gulf airports specifically, its analysis implies that hubs reliant on long-haul corridors and complex network connectivity are more exposed to “rerouting risk, changing airline capacity decisions and weaker visibility on international demand”. For Gulf operators, that risk is compounded by the potential for further airspace restrictions and ongoing uncertainty around the availability of key flight paths linking Asia, Europe and parts of Africa.

At the same time, the agency noted that some “Asia-Pacific airports have benefited from the redistribution of transit and long-haul traffic” away from disrupted Gulf hubs. Any sustained diversion of connecting passengers would be material for Gulf airports because duty-free, retail and food and beverage spending is typically stronger among international transfer travellers than point-to-point passengers.

Fitch’s change of outlook also reflects a broader slowdown in the sector’s growth trajectory. Global passenger growth was strong in 2025 and early 2026, but the pace has started to cool from the post-pandemic recovery period. Fitch pointed to the International Air Transport Association’s latest projection of “4.9% passenger traffic growth in 2026”, a deceleration versus 2025, with early-2026 monthly data showing the slowdown already under way.

Fitch also warned that non-aviation revenues could come under pressure, particularly where passenger mix shifts away from high-spending travellers. The agency expects a “low single-digit decline in nominal retail revenue for European airport operators” this year, highlighting how quickly discretionary spend can soften when operating conditions turn more volatile.

Fuel availability and pricing is another risk. Fitch said there is rising uncertainty about jet fuel availability, especially in Europe due to disruption to Middle East supply, potentially increasing airline costs and encouraging capacity reductions. The agency expects fuel reserves to cover the summer months in Europe, even if the Strait of Hormuz remains effectively closed, but warned that winter operations could be more challenging if disruption persists.

Higher airfares and fuel surcharges could also weigh on near-term demand, Fitch added — a headwind for Gulf airports that have benefited in recent years from strong leisure demand and the restoration of long-haul travel.

Fitch expects airport performance to become more uneven, with point-to-point leisure airports typically better positioned than large hubs reliant on transfer traffic and international corridors. The ratings agency cited European examples, contrasting airports such as Barcelona or Venice with Heathrow and the Paris airports.

The same dynamic could play out in the Middle East: airports with a large share of local origin-and-destination demand may be relatively insulated compared with major connecting hubs whose business models depend on stable long-haul routings and predictable network planning by global airlines.

The risks for the Gulf’s aviation sector were highlighted again on 3 June when Iranian drones struck Terminal 1 at Kuwait International airport, causing significant structural damage. The incident was the third major drone strike on the hub in recent months. On 1 April, a drone strike hit fuel tanks managed by Kuwait Aviation Fuelling Company, sparking massive fires. On March 28, another multi-drone raid severely damaged the airport’s primary radar systems.

Other airports in the region have been damaged since the conflict began, including Dubai International airport, Zayed International airport in Abu Dhabi and Hamad International airport in Doha.

READ THE JUNE 2026 MEED BUSINESS REVIEW – click here to view PDF

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